Review Questions
1.1. Define the following terms: data, database, DBMS, database system, database catalog, program-data independence, user view, DBA, end user, canned transaction, deductive database system, persistent object, meta-data, transaction-processing application.

Data – Known facts that can be recorded and have implicit meaning.
Datatbase – Represents some aspect of the real world (miniworld or universe of discource – UoD). Collection of related data (a random assortment of data is not a database). A DB is designed, built, and populated with data for a specific purpose. It has an intended group of users and a some preconceived applications in which the users are interested.
DBMS – A collection of programs that enables users to create and maintain a database.
Database System – DBMS + database.
Database Catalog – Makes database self-describing. Metadata about the structure of each file, the type and storage format of each data item, and various constraints on the data.
Program-data Independence – The structure of data files is stored in the DBMS catalog separately from the access programs.
User view (external or view level) – includes a number of external schemas that describes the part of the database that a particular user group is interested in and hides the rest of the database from that user group.
DBA – The chief administrator of the database.
End user * Casual – occasionally accesses the DB, but they may need different information each time. They use a sophisticated database query language to specify their requests and are typically middle or high-level managers or other occasional browsers (Larry). * Naïve or Parametric end users – Constantly query database, using standard types of queries and updates called canned transactions that have been carefully programmed and tested. (Jada) * Sophisticated end users – engineers,