...dddddddddddddddddddddd Chapter 7: Market Entry Strategies Chapter Objectives Structure Of The Chapter Entry strategies Special features of commodity trade Chapter Summary Key Terms Review Questions Review Question Answers References Bibliography When an organization has made a decision to enter an overseas market, there are a variety of options open to it. These options vary with cost, risk and the degree of control which can be exercised over them. The simplest form of entry strategy is exporting using either a direct or indirect method such as an agent, in the case of the former, or countertrade, in the case of the latter. More complex forms include truly global operations which may involve joint ventures, or export processing zones. Having decided on the form of export strategy, decisions have to be made on the specific channels. Many agricultural products of a raw or commodity nature use agents, distributors or involve Government, whereas processed materials, whilst not excluding these, rely more heavily on more sophisticated forms of access. These will be expanded on later. Chapter Objectives The objectives of the chapter are: Structure of the Chapter The chapter begins by looking at the concept of market entry strategies within the control of a chosen marketing mix. It then goes on to describe the different forms of entry strategy, both direct and indirect exporting and foreign production, and the advantages and disadvantages connected with each method...
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...e3de3dde3dwcccccccc 1. How does the existence of the underemployed and the discouraged workers skew (distort) the meaning of the unemployment data? Consider an unemployment rate of 4%. This means that of the labor force 4 out of 100 people are actively looking for a job and the other 96 some kind of job. These numbers say nothing about the population outside of the labor force, nor the quantity of work performed by those in the labor force. Consequently, the 4% does not capture the the part of the non-labor force that would migrate to the labor force if getting a job were easier (discouraged workers), nor does it capture the desire of, for example, a part time worker who wants a full time job (under-employed workers). So, the potential amount of labor that workers might like to sell to businesses is not fully captured in the unemployment rate. It is in this sense that the meaning is skewed. 2. Why does full employment never result in 0% unemployment? While the unemployment rate reaches relatively low levels during expansions, it never falls to 0 percent. In principle, full employment is thought of as occurring when ALL resources (especially labor) are engaged in production, in practice, full employment generally corresponds to an unemployment rate of about 5 percent. This 5 percent unemployment rate, often termed the natural unemployment rate, includes both frictional and structural unemployment. 3. Of the types of unemployment noted, which do you...
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