Analyse health revision notes 1. Cirrhosis
Pathogenic process includes: 1. Necrosis of liver cells 2. repair by fibrosis 3. regeneration * Liver cells exposed to toxins become inflamed, liver cells then infiltrated with fat and white blood cells and are replaced by fibrotic tissue. * If damage continues over a long period of time more liver cells are replaced with fatty tissue and scar tissue, cirrhosis can develop. * Liver regeneration continues abnormally, the liver becomes hardened and lumpy. * Blood flow through the liver becomes impaired due to the nodules, resulting in portal venous hypertension. * Liver shrinks and is covered in gray connective tissue, progression of disease liver function is impaired and after prolonged time cirrhosis can lead to liver failure.
Portal hypertension
A raised venous pressure in the portal circulation caused by compression or occlusion in the portal or hepatic vascular system, Liver damage causes a blockage of the portal vein; the most serious result of portal hypertension is bleeding oesophageal varices.
Complications of cirrhosis
C: Clotting defects
H: hepatorenal syndrome
E: encephalopathy A: ascites
P: portal hypertension

2. Diverticulitis
A diverticulum is a herniation or out pouching of the bowel mucous membrane caused by increased pressure within the colon and weakness in the bowel wall. * Diverticulitis is defined as an inflammation of one or more diverticula. Its pathogenesis remains unclear. * Fecal material or undigested food particles may collect in a diverticulum, causing obstruction. * This obstruction may result in distension of the diverticula secondary to mucous secretion and overgrowth of normal colonic bacteria. * Recurrent attacks of diverticulitis can result in the formation of scar tissue, leading to narrowing and