...CONFLICT MANAGEMENT READING NOTE Conflict is a clash of interests, values, actions, views or directions (De Bono, 1985). Conflict refers to the existence of that clash. Conflict is initiated the instant clash occurs. Generally, there are diverse interests and contrary views behind a conflict, which are revealed when people look at a problem from their viewpoint alone. Conflict is an outcome of organizational intricacies, interactions and disagreements. It can be settled by identifying and neutralizing the etiological factors. Once conflict is concluded it can provoke a positive change in the organization. When we recognize the potential for conflict, we implicitly indicate that there is already a conflict of direction, even though it may not have yet manifested itself as a clash. Confliction is the process of setting up, promoting, encouraging or designing conflict. It is a wilful process and refers to the real effort put into generating and instituting conflict. Deconfliction is the annihilation of conflict. It does not refer to negotiation or bargaining, or even to resolution of conflict: it is the effort required to eliminate the conflict. Why conflicts arise In most organizations, conflicts increase as employees assert their demands for an increased share in organizational rewards, such as position, acknowledgment, appreciation, monetary benefits and independence. Even management faces conflicts with many forces from outside the organization, such as government, unions...
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...mainstream values and competition are having and will continue to have a profound effect on the entire educational system. Furthermore, the tendency over the last several decades to expand the mission of the schools with limited resources has resulted in poor goal clarity and an inability of schools to place adequate resources behind important priorities when needed. Competition for resources is a harsh reality since available inputs are never adequate for all desired ends. While the business world has been on the cutting edge of this transition for some 20 years, educators must now learn to identify the competition for resources and develop strategies for gaining greater resource levels for high priority activities. School’s Vision for Excellence and School Improvement Education is an ethical and a moral activity that seek to liberate people mentally and physically and stimulate learning as active learners rather than to follow rules in codified slavish manner like passive learners. To improve understanding requires learners to be actively involved in the pursuit of knowledge. Teacher cannot transform the knowledge as a product to learners. Instead, in education there should be a close collaboration between teacher and learner in improving the understanding and the meaning-making on the part of the learner. The curriculum becomes negotiated between teacher and learner and the former acts as a facilitator to enrich the learning and the...
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...he pressure to transform our institutions of learning continues. Virtually every enterprise and institution is grappling with the disruptions and opportunities caused by Web-enabled infrastructures and practices. New best practices, business models, innovations, and strategies are emerging, including new ways to acquire, assimilate, and share knowledge. Using technologies that are already developed or that will be deployed over the next five years, best practices in knowledge sharing not only are diffusing rapidly but will be substantially reinvented in all settings: educational institutions, corporations, government organizations, associations, and nonprofits. But institutions of learning are in a unique position to benefit from an added opportunity: providing leadership in e-knowledge. T A REVOLUTION IN Donald M. Norris is President, Strategic Initiatives, Inc. Jon Mason is Executive Consultant, education.au limited, and Assistant Director, Educational Technology Standards Australia. Robby Robson is President and Senior Partner, Eduworks Corporation, and chair of the IEEE Learning Technology Standards Committee. Paul Lefrere is Executive Director E-learning, Microsoft EMEA, and Professor of E-learning, University of Tampere, Finland. Geoff Collier is CFO and Senior Partner, Eduworks Corporation. KNOWLEDGE SHARING By Donald M. Norris, Jon Mason, Robby Robson, Paul Lefrere, and Geoff Collier 14 EDUCAUSE r eview September/October 2003 © 2003...
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...UNIT 3 TRENDS IN FEMINISM Structure 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Objectives 3.3 Liberal Feminism 3.3.1 Liberal Thought 3.3.2 Classical Liberal Feminism 3.3.3 Second Wave Liberal Feminism 3.3.4 Weakness/Limitations of the Liberal Feminism 3.3.5 Contribution to the Women’s Movement 3.4 Marxist Feminism 3.4.1 Foundations of Marxist Feminism 3.4.2 Other Key Elements in Marxist Feminism 3.4.3 Limitations of Marxist Feminism 3.4.4 Contribution to the Women’s Movement 3.5 Psychoanalytic Feminism 3.5.1 The Beginnings of Psychoanalytic Feminism – Countering Freudian Theories 3.5.2 Explanation by other Theorists 3.5.3 Limitations of Psychoanalytic Feminism 3.5.4 Contribution to the Women’s Movement 3.6 Radical feminism 3.6.1 Definition 3.6.2 The influences that shaped Radical Feminism 3.6.3 What are the variations of Radical Feminism? 3.6.3.1 Radical- Libertarian Feminism 3.6.3.2 Radical-Cultural Feminism 3.6.4 Radical Feminism – Its Structure 3.6.5 The Outcomes of the Movement 3.6.6 Critiques of Radical Feminism 3.6.7 Contribution to the Women’s Movement 3.7 Postmodern Feminism 3.7.1 Postmodern Thought 3.7.2 Postmodern rethinking of psychological explanation of gender 3.7.3 Postmodern Feminist 3.7.4 Limitations of Postmodern feminism 3.7.5 Contribution to the women’s Movement 3.8 Black Feminism and Womanism 3.8.1 The Beginnings of Black Feminism 3.9 Cyber Feminism 3.9.1 Origin of Cyber Feminism 3.9.2 Definition of the 100 Anti Thesis 3.9.3 Cyber art and its relation to Cyber feminism 3.9.4...
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...James Janosz Political Science 495 Terrorism December 14th, 2009 The Changing Look of Terrorism The purpose of this paper is to study and look at how terrorism has changed from pre 9/11, to post 9/11, to the current and future times. The United States is currently fighting the war on terror. But who is the enemy to the war? Can terrorism actually be considered an enemy? The answers to these questions are difficult to answer and defend, depending on the circumstances. But the key constant to the question is, there is no internationally agreed definition of terrorism. Common definitions of terrorism refer only to those violent acts which are intended to create fear/terror, are perpetrated for an ideological/political goal, and deliberately target or disregard the safety of civilian targets. The first section of this paper will deal with both views of the changing face of terrorism from pre 9/11, to post 9/11, and to the present day. The next section of this paper will discuss the variables of why terrorism has changed. In conclusion this paper will summarize the study of the changing face in terrorism. Throughout this paper there will be historical facts, evidence, theories, and analysis to support my argument how terrorism has changed over time. The language of terrorism that we, as Americans read it as, on September 11, 2001, two American airplanes flew into the World Trade Center and another into the Pentagon, while yet another suspiciously crashed in a deserted Pennsylvania...
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...indicating a significant association. Implications for future research and for management practice are discussed. Introduction In a competitive environment in which organizations must be faster, leaner, provide better service quality, be more efficient, and more profitable, an empowered and proactive service worker is thought to be essential (Bowen and Lawer, 1992; Fulford and Enz, 1995; Bowen and Lawler, 1995). However, delegation of authority for a long period of time in the past, dominated the management field. In fact, this view changed into the “empowerment” concept as mentioned by Kocel (1998). It covers the participation and delegation of authority along with the motivation of the employees. Managers began to prefer a style, which liberates the creative and innovative “energies” and potentials of employees while benefiting 333...
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...If Saab becomes Chinese should it rename? • Vladimir Djurovic, president at Labbrand, suggests the name might not work well in China. “We have already found in previous research projects on car brand names, that names with this term were not a favourite choice in China because they are a little too spiritual”. • Given both Labbrand’s expertise and MG’s experience, the acquisition might be the perfect opportunity for repositioning the Saab brand, especially if the product line were to change. However this move is not risk-free. • Saab’s name “萨博” is widely recognized by the Chinese audience, so renaming might mean losing loyal customers. To solve this Vladimir Djurovic, president of Labbrand, believes that “instead of renaming, Saab could consider developing a better tagline to fit the Chinese market and make the brand more vivid in the imagination of Chinese consumers”. Chivas Regal Trademark Case • Chivas Brothers failed to establish that the spirits brand was “well-known” in China before the registration of Chivas Regal clothing in 2003, which would have been grounds to deny the application.Before the 2003 registration by the Wenzhou squatter, Chivas Brothers (the brand owner) had registered the marks in a number of Classes, including 33, which includes alcoholic beverages. However, just because a brand owner registers the mark in one Class this does not automatically protect against other registrants for different goods/services or for products in other Classes...
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...Women’s Changing Roles in the Context of Economic Reform and Globalization Shahra Razavi United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) Palais des Nations 1211 Geneva 10 Switzerland razavi @unrisd.org May 2003 (first draft: not to be quoted or cited without permission of author) Background Paper for the UNESCO Education for All Monitoring Report 2003: Gender and Education for All Introduction The 1980s and 1990s are frequently referred to as the era of globalization. While there is no consensus on what the term “globalization” means, for the purposes of this paper we use the term to refer to the greater openness of economies to international trade and finance, or external liberalization. The question that this paper will be tackling is how globalization has impacted on the growth of real economies in diverse regional contexts (Section One), their capacity to create employment (Section Two), and specifically how the new policy agenda has impacted on women’s labour force participation in diverse regional contexts and their enjoyment of social rights (Sections Three and Four). In addition to the available global data sets, the paper will be drawing on in-depth case studies from around the world in order to support the arguments that are being put forward. 1. International Economic Integration and Economic Growth The purpose of this section is to look at the growth implications...
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...Solutions for exchange rate policy of transition economy of Vietnam Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades Doktor der Wirtschaftswissenschaft (Doctor rerum politicarum, Dr. rer. pol.) der Juristischen und Wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg vorgelegt von M.A. Mai Thu Hien geb. am 23. August 1976 in Hanoi, Vietnam Gutachter: 1. Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Rüdiger Pohl, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg 2. Prof. Dr. Martin Klein, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Datum der Einreichung: 07.06.2007 Datum der Verteidigung: 12.07.2007 Halle (Saale), Juli 2007 urn:nbn:de:gbv:3-000012127 [http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=nbn%3Ade%3Agbv%3A3-000012127] 2 Acknowledgements This doctoral dissertation could not be completed if I have not received the help and encouragement from numerous people. Firstly, I am greatly indebted to my first supervisor, Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Rüdiger Pohl, who kept an eye on the progress of my work and was always available when I needed his advices. His great advices, supports, criticisms, comments, and encouragement helped me to develop necessary knowledge to understand and to build theoretical context in this dissertation. I also would like to express my deep gratitude to Prof. Dr. Martin Klein, my second supervisor, for his suggestions and concerns with my dissertation. I gratefully acknowledge the financial support of DAAD, without which this dissertation would not have been...
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...opinions of DLSU-AKI or its Members, nor the official position of any staff members. Limited copies of this paper can be requested from DLSU-Angelo King Institute, Room LS223, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 1004 Manila, Philippines. Please request papers by number and title. Tel. No: (632) 524-5333; (632) 524-5369; Fax No: (632) 524-5347. DLSU-AKI Working Paper Series 2008-08 Table of Contents Abstract Introduction Philippine Tourism Attractions Deterrents to the Growth of Tourism Isolation of Major Destinations Boracay Palawan Camiguin Bohol The DOT’s ational Tourism Strategy Development of Cluster Destinations Packaged Tours The Department of Tourism Marketing Effort Public-Private Sector Partnership in Tourism Development The PCCI BIZTOURS 5 Marketing the Ilocandia Region Conclusion - A Bright Outlook 3 4 6 7 9 9 9 10 10 12 14 17 20 21 22 23 25 RP-US FTA: Philippine Tourism Industry 2 May 2008 DLSU-AKI Working Paper Series 2008-08 Abstract Tourism plays an important role in the socio-economic development of a country. This paper examined the Philippine’s tourism attractions, particularly major destinations like Boracay, Palawan, Camiguin, and Bohol. It also discussed deterrents to the growth of tourism in the country. It explored the Department of Tourism’s tourism strategy, looked into the public and private sector partnership in tourism development and proposed possible alternatives for improved tourism in the Philippines. Finally, it concluded...
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...17 October 2012 Jönköping FINAL COURSE PAPER: Effective leadership in a global context Global leadership & Carlos Slim Helú ‘’ Work that is done well is not only a responsibility to one’s self and to society, it is also an emotional need. You cannot live without doing something; [you need] a direction in life. It’s very important for leaders in business to work to create human capital, a team that has the same sense of purpose and alignment. They will feel that they are doing something that is important for society and the people around them. That is very important, along with having achievements. ‘’ – Carlos Slim Helú Written by: Bob L.A. Dijkxhoorn Advanced Leadership - JALR21 Jönköping International Business School Bob L.A. Dijkxhoorn JIBS, 17 October 2012 Effective leadership in a global context Leadership is a phenomenon that is executed in many different industries and professions around the globe aiming at goal achievement through optimal utilization of followers. Globally the noun is used for divergent purposes in different cultures. Therefore there is no right or wrong explanation of the word ‘’leadership’’. There is however a right way to execute leadership that moderates goal achievement and maximizes follower output. This paper is written in order to explain how leaders should act in different situations in order to be effective. We all have a certain perception of leadership and how to act as the best leader possible. However, leadership...
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...RENAISSANCE LEADERSHIP Transforming Leadership for the 21st Century J. Martin Hays and Choule Youn Kim THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Key Words: |Leadership |Management Education |Future Trends | |Leadership Development |The New Millennium |Leadership Competencies | ABSTRACT Conventional leaders and leadership of the past are insufficient to meet the demands of the 21st Century. As we enter the new millennium, our world is characterised by unprecedented complexity, paradox, and unpredictability. Change is rapid and relentless. Today’s leaders face demands unlike any ever before faced. Standard leadership approaches that have served us well throughout much of history are quickly becoming liabilities. Conventional wisdom regarding leadership and many of its habits must be unlearned. The strong, decisive, charismatic, and independent leader and leadership we have idealised, strived to be, depended upon, and longed for may prove counter-productive in the new millennium and undermine a sustainable future. The challenges and opportunities of the 21st Century call for a new type of leader and leadership, indeed an entirely new and different way of thinking about leadership and of developing future leaders. This paper explores the nature of the nascent millennium and the leader and leadership qualities and capabilities...
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...concept of liminality is offered as a way to enable researchers to understand the interactions between managers in relationships in a new way. The focus of this paper is therefore threefold: 1/ to expand upon the concept of creating, holding and intensifying liminal space and 2/consideration of the effect of this on the organisation and 3/ reflection on this on-going entering into and leaving of liminal space as a way of conceptualising relationship development or dynamics. 1. Introduction Within the extant literature on inter-organisational relationships is it widely acknowledged that social relationships are a key enabler to successful relationship development (e.g. Håkansson, 1982; Hutt & Stafford, 2000; Möller & Wilson, 1995). An emerging concern in this field is the distinction between...
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...both a centre for research excellence and a home for stimulating public engagement. SAIIA’s occasional papers present topical, incisive analyses, offering a variety of perspectives on key policy issues in Africa and beyond. Core public policy research themes covered by SAIIA include good governance and democracy; economic policymaking; international security and peace; and new global challenges such as food security, global governance reform and the environment. Please consult our website www.saiia.org.za for further information about SAIIA’s work. This paper is the outcome of research commissioned by SAIIA’s China in Africa Project. ABOUT THE CHINA IN AFRICA PROJECT SAIIA’s ‘China in Africa’ research project investigates the emerging relationship between China and Africa; analyses China’s trade and foreign policy towards the continent; and studies the implications of this strategic co-operation in the political, military, economic and diplomatic fields. The project seeks to develop an understanding of the motives, rationale and institutional structures guiding China’s Africa policy, and to study China’s growing power and...
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...From a one-gender system to a two-gender system, and on to ‘third sex’ categories. 3 Some specifics of gender transitions. 5 Part I: Sexology begins. Transgender Identities before the 19th century 7 The early 19th century: Enters forensic psychiatry 7 The late nineteenth century: Inverts turn to Experts. Enters sexology and the empirical case history. 8 Part II: Early 20th century The rise of Psychoanalysis and it's denial of transgender identities Developments in Medical technology. 10 Psycho-analysis’ erasure of transgender 11 The sixties and seventies: routine treatment of the empty transsexual 12 Part III: Transgender becomes Real. The emergence of transgender. 15 De-constructing gender, from gender identity to “freedom of gender expression”. 15 Changes in transgender care. 17 The lack of transgender in Continental Europe. 18 References 19 Summery This paper was originally written for the “Sex, Gender and Identity” program of The School for International Training (SIT) in Amsterdam. SIT is an US university and specializes in study abroad programs for students from American universities. This paper discusses transgender identities during the last hundred and fifty years. The introduction to this paper describes how gender can be defined, and how our current day two-gender system evolved from a one-gender system in the late middle ages. This two-gender system started...
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