...rector magnificus Prof.dr.C.W.P.M. Blom, volgens besluit van het College van Decanen in het openbare te verdedigen op woensdag 17 december 2003, des namiddags om 1.30 uur precies door Astrid Gisela Herabadi geboren te Bogor op 30 december 1969 Promotores: Prof. dr. B. Verplanken (University of Tromsø, Norway) Prof. dr. A.F.M. van Knippenberg Manuscriptcommissie: Prof. dr. J.A.J.P. Janssen Prof. dr. N.K. de Vries (Universiteit Maastricht) Prof. dr. M. Zeelenberg (Universiteit van Tilburg) Buying Impulses: A Study on Impulsive Consumption A scientific essay in Social Sciences Doctoral thesis to obtain the degree of doctor from the University of Nijmegen on auhority of Rector Prof.dr.C.W.P.M. Blom, according to the decision of the Council of Deans to be defended in public on Wednesday, 17 December 2003, at 1.30 PM precisely by Astrid Gisela Herabadi born in Bogor on 30 December 1969 Supervisors: Prof. dr. B. Verplanken (University of Tromsø, Norway) Prof. dr. A.F.M. van Knippenberg Manuscript committee: Prof....
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...Chancy Marsh IV We define consumer behavior as the behavior that consumers display in searching for, purchasing, using, evaluating, and disposing of products and services that they expect will satisfy their needs” (Schiffman & Kanuk, 2012). Each consumer has individual needs that the markets try to appeal to. Why do consumers buy, when do they buy, where do they buy it and how often are questions that are continually asked. Food, Clothing and shelter are necessary items that consumers need, but markets want to induce consumers into feeling that their products will satisfy their needs. “The key to a company’s survival, profitability, and growth in a highly competitive marketplace is its ability to identify and satisfy unfulfilled consumer needs better and sooner than the competition” (Schiffman & Kanuk, 2012). Each consumer has unique traits and behaviors we will be discussing in the following paragraphs Within the decision-making process there are two major parts psychological and social processes. Three examples of psychological process are, motivation that is a driving force within a person that influences them to take action. This driving force is a tense feel within the person because of an unfulfilled need. In order to reduce this tense feeling a person will set goals and behaviors to fulfill that need (Schiffman 2010). Most people consider motivation as a need and sometimes those needs can have a positive or negative affect. Some examples of positive motivation...
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...using, evaluating, and disposing of products and services that they hope will satisfy their different needs (Schiffman & Kanuk, 2010). Consumers are influenced by different factors on what, when, where, how and why they buy a product or service. Some aspects influencing consumer traits, behaviors and how messages are received are psychological, social and culture process. Aspects as personalities, age, interest, believe, cultural background, social classes, among others are important elements to keep in mind when developing a marketing communication plan to reach the desired segment more effectively and motive decision making on customers. Consumer behavior focuses on how individual consumers and families or households make decisions to spend their time, money, and effort on consumption-related items. How they evaluate a product or service after the purchase, the impact of such evaluations on future purchases, and how they dispose of them (Schiffman & Kanuk, 2010). There are different motivations for what consumers make their purchasing decisions on and these are basically based on their innate and acquired needs. These needs stimulate people’s feelings and actions toward a product or service. We will be then identifying psychological and social processes that may influence consumer behavior, explaining the importance of understanding the influence of psychological and social processes on marketing communication, and explaining the relationship between consumer traits and behaviors;...
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...business process reengineering should start before your ERP implementation: • Maintain your competitive advantage. Yes, your current enterprise systems are probably a mess . . . if they even exist. You probably have a ton of spreadsheets, manual workarounds and other inefficiencies that make you wonder how your organization has managed to survive and thrive for this long. But you probably also have business processes that give you a competitive edge, no matter how painful or inefficient they may be. Business process reengineering without the constraints of software configuration ensures that you maintain these competitive advantages as you select and implement your new ERP systems. • Mitigate the downside of the flexibility of modern ERP systems. Most of today’s ERP systems are very flexible. In fact, I have read that the average SAP implementation requires 10,000 configuration decisions in order to assemble a working, end-to-end process flow. If your business processes are not well defined and documented prior to implementation, these thousands of configuration decisions will be made in a vacuum by software techies. SaaS and cloud ERP systems are becoming more flexible as well, so even the SaaS bandwagoners will have trouble disputing this point (although I’m sure at least one will try in the comments section below). • Best practices are a farce, but lean Six Sigma isn’t. Best practices are a lot like unicorns and Santa Clause – they sound mythical, magical, and represent what...
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...Section 2 AFFECT AND COGNITION AND MARKETING STRATEGY Chapter 3. Introduction to Affect and Cognition Chapter 4. Consumers’ Product Knowledge and Involvement Chapter 5. Attention and Comprehension Chapter 6. Attitudes and Intentions Chapter 7. Consumer Decision Making Chapter 3 INTRODUCTION TO AFFECT AND COGNITION Authors' Overview of the Chapter This is the introductory chapter on consumers' affect and cognition, and it provides a foundation for the rest of this section. Students need to understand the basic concepts presented here in order to apply them throughout the course. We begin the chapter by briefly reviewing the four elements in our basic model, the Wheel of Consumer Analysis. Then we discuss in some detail two broad, internal aspects of consumers' responses--affect and cognition. We describe affect and cognition in terms of two psychological systems that sense, interpret, and respond to information in the environment. The affective and cognitive systems can be thought of as essentially independent, yet highly interrelated modes of psychological response. Affect. Affect concerns people's feelings and emotional reactions. We identify four types of affective responses--emotions, strong feelings, moods, and evaluations--that vary in intensity and level of arousal (see Exhibit 3.2, p. 42). We emphasize that the affective system is largely...
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...Problem 1: Data-Based Decision Making Supermarket Product Placement Suppose that we are responsible for managing product placement within a local supermarket. Our shelving units have 6 shelves each and are numbered from 1 to 6—with 1 being the lowest shelf and proceeding upward until the highest shelf is assigned the number 6. While there are many placement options that we should consider, we decide to look for any correlations between the row a product is placed on and its sales. Since we have our data stored in a data warehouse, it is easily accessible and responds quickly to our data request. Consider each of the following: · What judgments can you make regarding the placement of each type of product being considered? Answer - I think that we are more likely to place those items that are in higher demand by customers and those items that the company wants to generate the greatest profit from on the shelves that have the best sales · What is the consequence of making the wrong choice? Answer - Profit decreases, inventory doesn’t turn over · What types of products do you think each of the product groupings represent? Answer - Most likely to sell/greatest profitability to least likely to sell/lowest profitability · What target markets can you associate with each product group? Answer - ? Problem 2: Market Basket Analysis: Association Analysis Example 1: Our data mining program has performed association analysis and has generated...
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...CHAPTER 11 • The marketing mix o Marketing mix is the blend of the four strategy elements—product, distribution, promotion, and price—to satisfy the target market o Other variables of the marketing mix—distribution channels, promotional plans, and pricing decisions—must accommodate the strategy selected o Marketers develop strategies to promote both tangible goods and intangible services ▪ Any strategy begins with investigation, analysis, and selection of a particular target market ▪ It continues with the creation of a marketing mix designed to satisfy that segment o Strategies to promote goods are often quite different from those designed to promote services • What is a product? o We tend to think of products as items, but services, as well as physical goods, are products o The concepts that goods are used for—such as providing entertainment, allowing communication, or performing certain tasks—are also considered products o Marketers now realize that people buy want satisfaction rather than objects—i.e., a television set and its cable programming are two separate products o Marketers think of a product as a compilation of package design and labeling, brand name, price, availability, warranty, reputation, image, and customer-service activities o So a product is a bundle of physical, service, and symbolic attributes designed to satisfy a customer’s...
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...Providing a loyalty points system to offer incentives for customer loyalty can be an effective way to collect valuable customer data including future purchasing needs Scope The scope of the project itself will include developing methods to track and analyze customer purchases, collect customer information, reward customers for their loyalty to Kudler, as well as determine a process to base inventory decisions on customer purchase data. These types of systems are very common in most grocery store chains around the world offering discounts on in store products, however KFF is determined to cater to the demographic of their shoppers by taking this program a step further. The system specific to KFF needs, includes a reward points system designed to provide the customer exclusive offers on both in store products and with third party partners. This system will be designed to store customer data while providing reward points to be used for purchases both in-store and with third party partners. Reward points will be redeemable for fine foods, first class airline upgrades, high end gifts, and other items and bonuses of that nature. Points will be rewarded in increments based on money spent on purchases within the store in which the customer provides a reward card or number to reference (phone #) during checkout process. Since this system will be...
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...Decision to Buy a Business in Urban Entrepreneurship: A Process Perspective and Contextual Influence by Edwin Lee, Theresa Lau and K.F. Chan _______________________________________ This paper examines the decision making process of buying a business in urban entrepreneurship. A conceptual framework is developed to explain the buying behavior with reference to strategic decision making process. The: rational, emotional and dependent decision making process is hypothesized to relate to decision outcome of buying a business. When making a strategic decision which involves a large amount of money, other contextual factors also affect one’s decision. Among them, economic environment, relevant experience and investment budget are of particular importance. This paper also examines how the contextual factors affect the decision outcome of buying a business. By understanding the interrelationships, we can make a theoretical and practical contribution to the field of urban entrepreneurship, illustrating how entrepreneurial decision making process and the contextual factors are linked to the outcome of buying a business. _______________________________________ Edwin Lee is the founder and CEO of Hong Kong Business Intermediary Company Limited and a DBA student in Hong Kong Polytechnic University Theresa Lau is the associate professor at Department of Management and Marketing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University. K. F. Chan is the associate professor at Department of...
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...to the business processes of the company. In addition to the details kept about customer orders and demographics, information is catalogued for inventory, purchase orders, suppliers, and taxes. This enables a manager to quickly and accurately see what is happening and make appropriate decisions. These decisions include making timely orders from suppliers and keeping proper staffing levels at each location to ensure excellent customer service. The Customer Table contains data about customers to streamline the ordering process and helps with addresses and dates for special mailings. This simple tool allows Kudler’s to provide a personal touch along with better service. The Inventory Table determines available ingredients that make up an Item. For example, it is important for a baker to know how much flour he has in stock so that he/she can order more from a supplier before it runs out so that the company is always producing a product for the customer to buy. The Item Table lists all the finished goods that can be purchased from a particular store. Managers can make decisions about which products sell better at different stores to keep customer orders at maximum levels. This is also a factor in the overall customer service. The Order Table and Order Line Table record pertinent information regarding all products sold. This is part of the database that is rich with details for data mining. A manager could find relationships between the different items sold and make profitable...
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...Table of Contents Cover Title Page Copyright Learning System Table of Contents Chapter 1. Purchasing and Supply Management Chapter 2. Supply Strategy Chapter 3. Supply Organization Chapter 4. Supply Processes and Technology Chapter 5. Make or Buy, Insourcing, and Outsourcing Chapter 6. Need Identification and Specification Chapter 7. Quality Chapter 8. Quantity and Inventory Chapter 9. Delivery Chapter 10. Price Chapter 11. Cost Management Chapter 12. Supplier Selection Chapter 13. Supplier Evaluation and Supplier Relations Chapter 14. Global Supply Management Chapter 15. Legal and Ethics Chapter 16. Other Supply Responsibilities Chapter 17. Supply Function Evaluation and Trends Other Facts101 Titles 2 3 Title Textbook Outlines, Highlights, and Practice Quizzes Purchasing and Supply Management by P. Fraser Johnson, 14th Edition All "Just the Facts101" material written or prepared by Cram101 Publishing 4 Copyright Information Just the Facts101 ®, Cram101® Textbook Outlines, Cram101 e-StudyGuides and Cram101.com are Content Technologies Inc. publications and services. All notes, highlights, reviews, and practice tests are written and or prepared by Content Technologies, Inc. and Cram101 Publishing. Copyright © 2014 by Content Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. eISBN 9781490281032 E-5 23479 www.Cram101.com 5 LearningSystem "Just the Facts101" is a Cram101 publication and tool designed to give you all the facts...
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...Marketing 10/25/2011 1. Describe the type of consumer buying decision that best describes the choice to indulge at Ethel’s. Ethel’s Chocolate lounges are chocolate or candy based restaurants that where created by the Mars corporation. The Mars Corporation is the same corporation that makes the famous M&M candy. In the case study on Ethel’s Chocolate Lounges we learn that the Mars Corporation has made many modifications to better the chocolate lounges. They strive to be more like Starbucks, and to sell the experience of having great atmosphere, gourmet chocolate, and at very reasonable prices. Through marketing strategies the Mars Corporation had many ways to influence customers to dine at Ethel’s Chocolate Lounges. These strategies use consumer buying decisions such as routine response behavior, limited decision making, and extensive decision making. Ethel’s Chocolate Lounges rely on the limited decision making to influence customers. Consumers engaging in limited decision making have a low level of involvement and make little effort in searching for information on alternative brands or products. If the consumer discovers a particular item they normally purchase is not available, the consumer will look for a similar product. In searching for a similar item, the consumer may base their decision on similar ingredients, if the items were on sale, or their prior experience of the item the consumer wanted to purchase. When someone chooses to dine at a restaurant such as Ethel’s...
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...MUHAMMAD SHOAIB 10-ARID-1405 ADEEL AKBAR 10-ARID-1385 NAZREEN ASHFAQ 09-ARIRD-1000 SHAZIA KANWAL 10-ARID-1418 Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Supply Chain Management Project Proposal 3 1. Company Background 4 BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE ORGANIZATION 4 BESTWAY CEMENT LIMITED 4 BESTWAY CEMENT HATTAR 4 BESTWAY CEMENT CHAKWAL LINE I & II 4 MUSTEHKAM CEMENT 5 BESTWAY GROUP 5 BESTWAY FOUNDATION 6 MISSION STATEMENT 6 ESTABLISHMENTS 6 2. Procurement 8 Procurement Department Organization: 8 Procurement System: 8 Capital Procurement: 14 Operational Procurement: 18 Categorical Distribution of Goods to be Procured: 19 Routine Items: 19 Leverage Items: 19 Bottleneck Items: 19 Critical Items: 19 International Procurement 20 Factories’ Procurement 25 Modes of Payment 25 Payment against Documents 26 Procurement Standards being Followed 26 Risks Factors 26 Overcoming Risks 26 Executive Summary This project report is based on work assigned basically to study the procurement process of any reputable organization. After due analysis we chose Bestway cement limited to work on, because it has made tremendous achievements in less two decades so we shall how well the procurement department is playing its due role in achieving such esteem position. In our supply chain management project our study focused area are the Bestway cement limited procurement process. In start of our study...
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...perspective of supply chain management? * What IT components are needed to achieve the goals of supply chain management? * What are the supply chain component systems and how should they be approached? * What are decision support systems and how do they support supply chain management? * What criteria should be used to select decision support systems? * What drives the selection of best of breed systems? 14.2 The Importance of Business Processes * Recent study by MIT, PRTM and SAP * Companies that invest mostly in business processes do better than those who invest in IT only and lack the appropriate business processes. * Investments only in technology without the appropriate business processes lead to negative returns. Challenges * Identify measures to characterize supply chain effectiveness * KPIs and SCOR Model are objective ways * Develop measures to characterize the level of maturity of the business process and the information technology employed by the company * Much more difficult because of variations across companies Characteristics of the Level of Business Maturity * Based on the SCOR model * Consists of four stages Level I: Disconnected Processes * Many independent processes. * Organized functionally with no or low degree of integration. * Supply chain...
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...CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Overview of the Current State of Technology With the increasing demand for up- to- date, correct and relevant information in the business world, it is crucial for each business to take advantage of breakthroughs in information technology specifically in the field of information systems. Information generated is used by decision makers to gain competitive advantage against competitors and to take advantage of opportunities to increase business performance, effectiveness and efficiency. One of the several information systems which are considered to be of the great help for managers in decision making is the decision support system. Decision Support System (DSS) combines models and data in an attempt to solve semi- structured and some unstructured problems with extensive user involvement. With correct gathering and manipulation of data, DSS can provide several alternative solutions which in turn can lead to correct decision making. Today, there are many companies adopting decision – support systems and data mining software not only in the U.S. but also in the Philippines. However, there is limited literature on companies in Iloilo City adopting this technology. For this reason, the proponents saw the need to study the process of one company in Iloilo City where this type of information system can be adopted. That company is Westvis Marketing Corporation. Westvis Marketing Corporation (WMC) was founded by Mr. Honesto Tomas Hsia on April 2011. Mr....
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