...DECISION MAKING AND PROBLEM SOLVING BENEFITS When we learned decision making and problem solving we will be able to: 1. Identify one or more problems to solve 2. Create a problem statement 3. Conduct a root cause analysis of the problem 4. Develope criteria to evaluate solution to the problem 5. Generate a list of solutions 6. Select the best solution 7. Validate your solution 8. Develop a plan to implement the solution 9. Develop a plan to monitor and verify the solution 10.Develop a communication plan TECHNIQUES A. Brainstorming--attempting to spontaneously generate as many ideas on a subject as possible; ideas are not critiqued during the brainstorming process; participants are encouraged to form new ideas from ideas already stated (Brookfield, 1987; Osborn, 1963); B. Imaging/visualization--producing mental pictures of the total problem or specific parts of the problem (Lazarus, 1978; McKim, 1980; Wonder & Donovan, 1984); C. Incubation--putting aside the problem and doing something else to allow the mind to unconsciously consider the problem (Frederiksen, 1984; Osborn, 1963); D. Outcome psychodrama--enacting a scenario of alternatives or solutions through role playing (Janis & Mann, 1977); E. Outrageous provocation--making a statement that is known to be absolutely incorrect (e.g., the brain is made of charcoal) and then considering it; used as a bridge to a new idea (Beinstock, 1984); also called "insideouts" by Wonder and Donovan (1984); ...
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...John Marcelia Mr. Lander Honors Freshman English P. 4 19 September 2010 The Right Decision? The sun shined down on a beautiful day as my friends and I sat at home staring blankly out the window. For two years now we went out on various adventures and created an exceptionally close friendship. Some may even have though we were brothers by the amount of time we spent together. Today, even with the cool crisp air outside and the wonderful chirping of birds, our gloomy attitudes kept us sitting on the couch. The day slowly dragged on, until finally Jake and Joe’s parents gave us the idea to go out on a bike ride to the Mercer Island Community Center. We lived in Bellevue and they went on this bike ride all the time. I was not as experienced with bike riding as they were and I knew my parents would come up with some lame excuse about the lurking dangers of evil trucks and predators on the I-90 Bridge. This left me with a challenging decision to either disobey my parents, or respect the rules of my family and say no to my friends. I could just imagine the wind blowing through my hair and the roaring of engines on the freeway. I would look back on this moment for all my life and regret it if I made the wrong choice. These thoughts swarm through my head and I froze not knowing what to think. Not going would make my friends think that I am a wimp, and they may laugh at me. They may decide that their other friends are more exciting than me and that they would rather hang out with...
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...to a conflicting point of view. We would have the patience to think before acting. Our emotions would be less likely to cause us trouble; we would develop ways to sort through our feelings and constructively harness our emotions. We would strive for a better understanding of issues, resisting "quick fix" solutions. We would hold ourselves to high standards of thinking, and we would look for these standards in the thinking of others. We would recognize where we and others fall short of these standards. As one author has stated, "though the challenge of improving your thinking is great, no other kind of self-improvement can affect every area of your life so positively."2 some principles for ethical decision-making 1. Step back from every decision before you make it and look at it objectively. Use the above list of examples of unethical behaviours as a check-list to see if you might possibly be falling into one of these traps. It's easily done: to get swept along by excitement and urgency; or by apparently demanding expectations, whether self-imposed or otherwise. Aim for objectivity and fairness - not for personal power, 'winning', strategic plotting, high drama, etc. 2. Strive for fairness rather than polarised...
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...Title | To go Or Not To Go! | Story | Every weekend in Madrid is a vast array of events, parties, games, experiences. As someone who has decision paralysis, I tend to fall into the trap of not being able to make a decision quickly and sometimes missing the opportunity altogether. It was the long weekend here, and there were 4 different trip options of places to go (Valencia, Seville, Portugal, and San Sabastian). Because there were so many choices and I was unable to limit my own choices, I actually ended up being completely frozen and didn’t go anywhere because I spent SO long deciding that I missed all of the cars. | Analysis | This is a clear observation of my Decision Overload bias. This trap was so severe that it actually prevented me from doing anything. This can be very debilitating, and one needs to not get overwhelmed by decisions through limiting options and not overthinking the results too much. | Title | They all sit together | Story | My parents live in Madrid, and because they are from the United States they have very strong opinions about smoking. Since Spain is heavily polluted with smokers, I have observed that my parents who believe vehemently that smoking is awful, they will befriend locals who tend to be ex-patriots who share this view with them. I have observed in the past week that they do not hang out with many local Spaniards because they do not have the same beliefs about smoking. | Analysis | This is an interesting observation of the Confirmation...
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...Decision-Making Process Paper MGT/230 December 10, 2012 Decision-Making Process Paper A decision is a choice between two or more alternatives; if there is only one alternative there is no need to make a decision. The decision-making process has six stages. The stages of decision-making process consist of the following: 1. Identifying and diagnosing the problem 2. Generating alternative solutions 3. Evaluating alternative solutions 4. Making the choice 5. Implementing the decision 6. Evaluating the decision I believe that one of the biggest decisions that my wife and I had to make was deciding to relocate the family to the military base or stay in our home in Virginia. This was a huge situation for our family that needed to be addressed before making any decisions. My wife and I listed all the pros and cons of moving with her to the base and staying in our home in Virginia. Pros | Cons | Keeping the kids in a familiar place. | Not having my wife at home. | Being able to keep my job. | Trying to find a new job when reaching the base. | Not having to rush to sell the house at a reduced price. | Running the household without the assistance of my wife. | After my wife and I identified and diagnosed the problem, we decided to think of all possible choices that we can chose from that would be best for our family. After my wife and I made the decision that I would stay in Virginia with our children, we set down and had a long discussion...
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...Discussion making is something very important for human lives, we have two type of decisions meaningful or mindless, sometimes human makes mindless decisions that can cause damages to our and others lives. The theory of decision making is based on rational decision maker, and all our poor choices or decisions are irrational behaviors. Sometimes the pressure will make us to get mindless decisions. I had my Ante was suffering with lung cancer for more than four years, the doctors gave her from 6 to 7 years to live, she start doing chemotherapy, after the first session of the chemotherapy the doctors said that she is getting better day after day, but my ante wasn’t feeling that she was always depressed, in pain, tiered from everything that was happening to her because of her cancer, one day she went to her doctor for a checkup and she asked the doctor if there is any possibility for a surgery, which it was but the positive risk was 10% positive and 90% negative according to the doctors, she start nagging and nagging to do the surgery all of us we didn’t want her to do the surgery but in the same time we can’t force her. Her doctor informed her that the surgery can spread the cancer in her body and she can die, she didn’t listen to her doctor and she got her decision and did the surgery, after a moth she went back to the doctor and unfortunately her cancer was spreading in her body and passed away after three months. If she listened to us or to her doctor maybe until now she will...
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...UNIVERSIDAD DE PUERTO RICO EN PONCE DECANATO ASUNTOS ACADEMICOS DEPARTAMENTO DE ADMINISTRACION DE EMPRESAS Y CIENCIAS COMPUTADORAS ADMI- TEORIA ADMINISTRATIVA Prof. Myrna Bracero CAPITULO 6: TOMA DE DECISIONES CASO PARA RESOLVER Toma de Decisiones 1. Identifique el problema Identificar cuál sería la mejor Franquicia para Pedro Gómez establecer su propio negocio 2. Identifique los criterios de decisión ☻Perfil o carácter empresarial - ¿Qué le gusta hacer al empresario? ☻Mercado – Tipo de producto o servicio ☻Localización – Area Geográfica a ubicarse ☻Inversión inicial o canon de entrada ☻Porcentaje de ventas o “Royalty” – Aportación periódica que hace el franquiciado al franquiciador – fuente principal de ingresos del franquiciador ☻Canon de Publicidad 3. Asignación de peso a los criterios establecidos |CRITERIO |PESO | |1. Perfil del empresario |10 | |2. Mercado |7 | | Localización |6 | |4. Inversión inicial |9 ...
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...The decision making is about both perception and rationality towards the problem or situation. Both decision makings are not perfect in an economic view, and both involve consequences that may arise. The rational decisions presuppose the best possible outcome and also reduce chances of potential risks and biases in the decision making process. Despite its accuracy, most everyday life decisions are made by individual’s perceptions due to its high demand in time and bound rationality. The perceptual decision makings are quick-step thinking process and can be effective in everyday activities. However, these perceptual decisions can be impinged upon the perceptual errors or distortions, leading to failure in selecting right decisions. In economic view, these perceptual decisions can be employed by entrepreneurs or managers to increment their assets of the organisations. Therefore manager should concentrate on both rationality and perception to make more appropriate decision making. The rational decision making is a systematic process in identifying problems and generating most logical, effective choice to address the problem. To make rational decisions, the information must be sufficient and reliable, and low on risk level. The decision’s rationality depends on the specification of models, and different models impose different rational decisions. Managers evaluate these rational decisions and select the optimal decision. Marcel (2011, p. 371) states that a real-life decision problems...
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...Decision-Making Case Study Paper SantaMonia HCS/514 Decision-Making Case Paper Working within the medical field requires many changes. In order to be compliant The information has to be up to date with rules, regulations and laws. Many health care field workers believe that this field is and can be very stressful. In the health care field the information that is obtained must be correct and can be looked up and verified. Coping and printing of information that is needed is an asset. When a health care board of directors makes a decision having proper reports and paper work available helps make the decision smoother. In this case study we will look at the toolbox affects that go with accountability. We will be able to see knowledge transfer, and how it goes along with questioning decisions for the organization. How will this improve revenue, patients and the productivity of the organization? The Informed Decision Toolbox In reading the informed decision toolbox in Rundall, (2007) it talked about a number of steps six to be exact. These steps are suppose to help when making hard decisions or difficult ones for the continued growth of the company. This will help make decisions along with evidence-based information. Analyzing the statics of how many patients area being seen. What portion of the patients is Medicaid? The first step: framing the management question In this step you have to look at the information given as to what services will be cut or...
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...Decision Making Study Decision Making Study Providing medical care to patients at the County Clinic can be challenging from a financial perspective. This vulnerable population contains challenges in treating patients with difficult multi-factorial disease entities, patients with transportation and other access difficulties, and patients who are uninsured or underinsured. The majority of patients at the County Clinic are covered by Medicare and Medicaid. Recently, the departmental budget for the County Clinic was cut by 15%. In order to continue to provide services for this vulnerable group, the managers at County Clinic will need to evaluate how to best address the needs of the community by eliminating or introducing services that will best address the significant health care needs required by this population. Making a decision regarding a health policy initiative in the face of budget constraints requires that management takes a reasoned approach to decision making. In order to make these decisions, managers need to find the best evidence available, assess the available evidence, and determine which evidence is relevant to the decision making process. Thomas Rundall, Ph. D at the University of California at Berkeley developed a toolbox to aid decision makers in this area. His document is called the Informed Decisions Toolbox. This toolbox contains six steps that will be addressed by County Clinic in developing an action plan for the budget constraints...
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...Chapter 14 Decision Analysis Learning Objectives 1. Learn how to describe a problem situation in terms of decisions to be made, chance events and consequences. 2. Be able to analyze a simple decision analysis problem from both a payoff table and decision tree point of view. 3. Be able to develop a risk profile and interpret its meaning. 4. Be able to use sensitivity analysis to study how changes in problem inputs affect or alter the recommended decision. 5. Be able to determine the potential value of additional information. 6. Learn how new information and revised probability values can be used in the decision analysis approach to problem solving. 7. Understand what a decision strategy is. 8. Learn how to evaluate the contribution and efficiency of additional decision making information. 9. Be able to use a Bayesian approach to computing revised probabilities. 10. Know what is meant by utility. 11. Understand why utility could be preferred to monetary value in some situations. 12. Be able to use expected utility to select a decision alternative. 13. Be able to use TreePlan software for decision analysis problems. 14. Understand the following terms: |decision alternatives |decision strategy | |chance events |risk profile...
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...every decisions you make in your life. And truly allowing your natural way of being as this human form that you are, to live out your natural expression, living in tune with who you are, and this is what makes you feel whole. 2.) Decidophobia is the fear of making decisions. Examples : A.)First is when I entered college. I really can't decide on what course I will take. I am afraid that my decision might affect my future goals. B.) Second, I am unsure whether to pursue my call center career last vacation which calls for a graveyard shift. C.) Lastly, it’s about my personal life. What to do with my former boyfriend. Leave him or continue my relationship with him. 3. Decidophobia is the overwhelming, irrational fear of making decisions. The person coping with this phobia is painfully aware that life if full of choices and decisions are made based on those choices. The decidophobic individual may actually fear making the wrong decision and so is paralyzed from making any decision at all. What Causes Decidophobia? The person coping with Decidophobia has experienced a traumatic, real-life event. That experience is then automatically associated with making decisions. Perhaps, as a child, the decidophobic individual was never encouraged to make independent decisions that were well thought out. Maybe this person was consistently encouraged to simply go along with the majority or the status quo. Perhaps the person coping with Decidophobia has made unwise decisions that...
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...Decision Making Danielle Gomez MGT/230 August 7, 2015 James Bailey There comes many moments in everyone’s lives when you have to make some very important decisions. They may be little decisions or life changing decisions. Either way they will affect you somehow, so it is important to know the steps in the decision making process as well as considering the consequences of them. Decision making is the process of making choices by setting goals, gathering information, and assessing alternative occupations ("Decision Making Process", n.d.). There are seven steps when you want effective decision making. The first step is to identify the decision that needs to be made. This is naturally the most important step of all. The second is to gather necessary information to help make this decision. Next is to identify alternatives and then weigh the evidence collected. Step five is to choose from your alternatives. The last two steps are to take action and review your decision and the consequences of making this decision. These steps are what makes the decision making process ("Decision Making Process", n.d.). A personal experience where I have had to make a very important decision in my life was when I decided to continue my college education. It has always been my plan since high school to first attend beauty college and obtain my cosmetology license because that was one of my passions since I was a little girl. I knew that was what I wanted to do since I was young but I always...
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...Business Intelligence and Decision Making of Successful Women Entrepreneurs in Northern States of Malaysia Heng Man Chia, Tan Wen Pei, Lim Wang Ru and Yew Bee Jue (2012,UUM) ABSTRACT Women entrepreneurs increasingly become the important role and make a contribution to the economics of the country. The main purpose of this paper is to determine the effects of business intelligence and decision making to the successful women entrepreneurs. This research is mainly focused on the women entrepreneurs in the Northern States of Malaysia as there is no previous research are done in this study. Currently, the government had provided the incentives to support the women entrepreneurs in their business activities. There are plenty of women set up their business in the Northern States of Malaysia. The quantitative methodology used by the researchers in this study based on 95 women entrepreneurs, engaging in their business in the Northern States of Malaysia. The business they engaged mostly in the food industry. The findings of this research indicated that the business intelligence and decision making has not influenced the women entrepreneurs that lead them to success. There are other factors that lead to women entrepreneur success. They might depend on their intuition or advice from others. Most of them are running the micro enterprise. The women entrepreneurs concerned the significance of the education. A discussion on the demographic profile of women entrepreneurs is also provided...
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...A Decision of Uncertainty Latanya Franklin QNT561 September 17, 2012 Richard LA Valley A Decision of Uncertainty To reduce prices or increase Marketing budget in order to capture market share Sony Incorporated wants to make some changes within the business that in hopes will capture the market share of the industry. The only way to do this is by changing the pricing policy and strategy for the company. The first approach would be to create a development stage that will allow the managers to start setting prices this will allow the company to avoid releasing products or services that has no ability of sustaining profitable prices in the market. By changing the company pricing policies and strategies the company has a greater chance of receiving higher profits including an increase in the company market shares. With changes comes risks and uncertainty of making such changes. The company has to include other factors that include the reaction of the competitors. If the company makes the decision to change its price policies and strategies how will this change impact the company against their competitors by reducing prices. Questions of concern is will the competitors see this a threat and change their prices in response and if so what type of change will they make that will put the company at risk of capturing the market share. The decision that relies on the company here is rather to continue with the price policy and strategy which risks the chance of competitors taking action...
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