...Racial Disparity in U.S. Diagnoses of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 2000 –2009 Qian An, MS, Joseph Prejean, PhD, H. Irene Hall, PhD This activity is available for CME credit. See page A3 for information. Background: Increased attention has been focused on health disparities among racial/ethnic groups in the U.S. Purpose: To assess the extent of progress toward meeting the targets of Healthy People 2010 objectives and eliminating disparities. Methods: All diagnoses of AIDS during 2000 –2009 among people aged Ն13 years in the 50 states and District of Columbia, reported to national HIV surveillance through June 2010, together with census population data were used in this analysis (conducted in March 2011). This study assesses the trend in racial/ethnic disparities in rates of AIDS diagnoses both between particular groups using rate difference (RD) and rate ratio (RR) and across the entire range of racial/ethnic subgroups using three summary measures of disparity: between-group variance (BGV); Theil index (TI); and mean log deviation (MLD). Results: The overall racial/ethnic disparity, black–white disparity, and Hispanic–white disparity in rates of AIDS diagnoses decreased for those aged 25– 64 years from 2000 to 2009. The black–white and Hispanic–white disparity in rates of AIDS diagnoses also decreased among men aged Ն65 years; however, the black–white disparity increased among young men aged 13–24 years (BGV: pϽ0.001, black–white RD: pϽ0.01) from...
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...Health Promotion in American Indians/Alaska Natives Mona Reed Grand Canyon University: NRS-429V August 02, 2015 Health Promotion in American Indians/Alaska Natives American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/AN) are people who maintain a tribal or community attachment and are descendants from any of the original inhabitants of North, South and Central America. The U.S. Census Bureau, in 2013, reported that there are greater than 5.2 million AI/AN in the United States, and that number is expected to increase to 11.2 million by 2060 (CDC, 2015a). AI/ANs have experienced a lower health status when compared to the national average of the non-Hispanic white population. The Indian Health Service (IHS), who provides health care services to those who reside on reservations, reports that this is due to inadequate education, discrimination in delivery of health services, disproportionate poverty and cultural differences. Also noted is that less than half of “AI/ANs permanently reside on a reservation and therefore have limited or no access to IHS services” (Indian Health Service, 2015a). In addition, the CDC reported in 2013 that 26.9% of AI/ANs lacked health insurance coverage. This writer will compare and contrast the health status of the AI/AN population with the non-Hispanic White population. Health disparities in the AI/AN population are well documented in research. The Office of Minority Health (OMH) Health Disparities Overview notes that this population suffers from low education...
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...from disease in the United States. It is the result of an insufficient supply of insulin or an inadequate use of insulin that is supplied from the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2010), diabetes affects 25.8 million people 8.3% of the U.S. population, diagnosed 18.8 million people and undiagnosed 7.0 million people. African Americans who have diabetes are 4.9 million or 18.7% aged 20 years or older. African Americans are twice as likely to be diagnosed with diabetes as non-Hispanic whites. In addition, they are more likely to suffer complications from diabetes, such as end-stage renal disease and lower extremity amputations. Although African Americans have the same or lower rate of high cholesterol as their non-Hispanic white counterparts, they are more likely to have high blood pressure (Table 1). African American adults are twice as likely as non-Hispanic white adults to have been diagnosed with diabetes by a physician. African American men were 2.2 times as likely to start treatment for...
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...Discuss disparities related to ethnic and cultural groups relative to low-birth-weight infants and preterm births. Describe the impact of extremely low-birth-weight babies on family and society (short and long term, including economic considerations, ongoing care considerations, and co morbidities associated with prematurity). Discuss whether you feel that support services and systems in your community for preterm infants and their families adequately address their needs or not. Explain your answer. Respond to other learners' posts in a manner that initiates or contributes to discussion. According to the World Health Organization, a LBW infant is one born weighing <2500 g (5). Preterm infants are those born at <37 wk from the first day of the last menstrual period, regardless of birth weight, whereas growth-restricted infants are those born weighing less than the 10th percentile of birth weight–for–gestational age, regardless of whether that weight is <2500 g Thus, it is possible for both preterm and growth-restricted infants to weigh >2500 g. http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/85/2/584S.long Low birth weight is a public health problem in many countries; globally an estimated 15 per cent of births result in low-birthweight babies. Those who survive, have impaired immune function and increased risk of disease; they are likely to remain undernourished, with reduced muscle strength, throughout their lives, and to suffer a higher incidence of diabetes and heart disease...
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...Massive Incarceration: A Racial Perspective Sociology 350N Abstract In 2010 there was a significant imbalance in the incarceration rate of males within the U.S.; these differences were among the ethnic groups of Caucasian (white), Hispanic and African American (black). In reference to the number of people incarcerated per 100,000 in their individual group, black males had the highest number of inmates, followed by Hispanic males; however, white males had the lowest number of prisoners (Wagner, 2012). We must ask the question “why”. Why and how is this occurring? The United States has the highest incarceration rate in the world; so, is the system that was designed to protect and serve abusing its power. Some factors that can possibly be contributing to this disproportion is socioeconomic status, prejudices within the criminal justice system and power investments. Massive Incarceration: A Racial Perspective Introduction Today the US makes up for about 5% of the world’s population and carries 25% of the world’s prisoners, this 20% difference shows that the US imprisons more people then actually living in the country (NAACP, 2015). This is the highest prison population when compared to other countries. Records show from 1980 to 2008, the number of individuals that have been incarcerated has quadrupled from 500,000 to 2.3 million (NAACP, 2015). During that time frame crime & poverty rates have also increased dramatically, while unemployment & educational...
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...Heritage Assessment of the Three Culturally Diverse Families To deliver high quality health care services to an increasingly diverse population, it is vital to be culturally competent. This approach is especially applicable in the United States where a big part of the population consists of immigrants coming from all over the world (Edelman, Kudzma, & Mandle, 2014). This is where the Heritage Assessment Tool (HAT) becomes very appropriate. It helps when assessing one’s ethnic, religious, and cultural heritage along with health traditions. By evaluating heritage assessment questionnaire, healthcare providers can cultivate a therapeutic relationship and approach in care. The following paper will discuss the usefulness of applying the HAT when evaluating three culturally diverse families. The Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans, and European White Origin Americans will be compared to identify the differences in health maintenance, health protection, and health restoration. Lastly, common health traditions and practices will be discussed. HAT delivers an informative approach that helps to identify the best care that can be provided to culturally diverse populations. It consists of 29 questions that are focused on identifying a patient’s cultural background, family relations, religious practices, and beliefs along with social support. It helps to highly increase the knowledge of culturally-based health beliefs and practices. By taking time and performing the HAT, the nurse learns...
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...MEMORANDUM To: Mary E. O'Dowd, M.P.H. Commissioner of NJDOH From: Christina M Blanco, CHES Date: September 30, 2013 Re: 2013 Priority Objectives for Community Health in New Jersey The purpose of this memo is to introduce priority public health objectives for the state of New Jersey that should be implemented to see a decrease in obesity rates over the next ten years. Major health issues that cause high rates of morbidity and mortality in New Jersey, similar to that of the country, are due to preventable diseases or conditions. A major current health issue is obesity rates in the state. A variety of factors contribute to obesity rates, which include: race, socioeconomic status, and access to healthcare services. The importance of addressing these priority objectives is that they have the potential to improve the quality of life for New Jersey residents, while decreasing disparities in relation to the obesity epidemic. Background on Health of the State It is estimated by the CDC, that 20-25% of the residents in New Jersey are classified as obese. i Looking at a national map of obesity rates, New Jersey rates are not has high as many of the other states. Although New Jersey rates aren’t as high, it has been reported by the CDC that over the past ten years, obesity rates have steadily been increasing in the sate. According to the US Census Bureau, the total estimated population of New Jersey in 2012 was 8,864,590. ii Mathematically, this means that between 1,772, 918 and 2...
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...IV. RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Fund Local and National Programs and Research Black and Hispanic males face opportunity gaps in addition to academic achievement gaps. These gaps shows how environmental factors influence the likelihood that students will graduate and graduate college ready. Black and Latino boys are overrepresented in special education classes, those who have been suspended and expelled. They also have less access to academically rigorous curriculum. All of these factors help explain the lagging graduation and college readiness rates among New York City’s students of color. Provide more funding and support for programs already in place to target schools with high concentrations of black and Hispanic males. Young Men's Initiative (YMI)...
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...Title: cultural and disease paper Instructor : Dr Leah Miller Nabil Ladipo 04/05/13 Tuberculosis: Tuberculosis is disease caused bacterial infection. The infection is lower in the United States even though, recent survey shows that, in foreign countries, the infection has been steadily increasing. American citizens born in foreign countries are infected with Tuberculosis more than 9 times of the American citizens born in the United States. The Latino/Hispanic born Americans are more exposed to the disease and the cases oh the Hispanics reported was more than 10 percent of the US population. This was reported in the year 1996. About Tuberculosis: Tuberculosis disease is transmitted from individual to individual through the help of Air pollution. An individual suffering from lung tuberculosis sneezes, coughs releases in the air, a droplet nuclei containing Mycobacterium . The small particles of the bacterium remains in the air for hours depending on the environment and when another person is exposed to the air containing the infection, the probably of getting infected is very high. The Tuberculosis infection depends on 3 different factors namely: The environment in which it occurs, the exposure duration and the individual ability...
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...accomplish the best outcomes. Teen pregnancy, especially in the Latino/Hispanic community is on the rise and higher than most other ethnicities and races. This paper will discuss teen pregnancy as a high risk family type, will address common health problems and mortality data for this family type, and will identify three to four health promotion and disease prevention objectives that are applicable to this family type. Summary of Health Profile In the 1990s, in the United States, teen pregnancy and birth rates were on the decline. Data obtained from 2006 indicated that teen pregnancy rates were back on the rise. Latina teens, teens who are in the foster care system, and those who belong to gang groups are populations with a high rate of teen pregnancies. There are many downsides and negativities associated with teen pregnancies such as lack of education, they are more apt to live in poverty neighborhoods, are more likely to be on welfare and public assistance, and more likely to be in poor health. In 2004 teen pregnancy cost taxpayers more than $9.1 billion. Although the highest teen pregnancy increases were among African American teenagers at five percent, Caucasian pregnancy rates increased by three percent, and Hispanic pregnancies increased by two percent. Ironically, even though the Hispanic teens had the highest birth rate, they experienced the smallest rate increase. The Hispanic teen pregnancy rate is...
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...Heritage Assessment Dianna Freeman Grand Canyon University Family Centered Health Promotions NSG-429V December 20, 2014 Heritage Assessment “Health is influenced by culture and beliefs” (NRS-429V, 2011, p. 1). In order for the nurse to properly care for the patient, she must know and understand the patient’s culture. “Cultural care is a comprehensive model that includes the assessment of a client’s cultural needs, beliefs, and health care practices” (NRS-429V, 2011, p. 1). It is not enough to just know where the patient lives or where he came from. The nurse must embrace the concept of cultural competence and cultural awareness. This requires not only the awareness of the cultural beliefs and values of their patients, but also their own. A heritage assessment, whether formal or informal, can provide a wealth of information that helps the health care team to better understand the patient, his attitudes, his feelings, and beliefs. One of the challenges in nursing is to apply health education to individuals and families from diverse cultural backgrounds. “Cultural beliefs and values influence health decisions and must be taken into consideration.” (NRS-429V, 2011, p. 1). It is easier to care for the patient when we understand him better. The first family interviewed was a Black couple. They were not married, but had been living together for over 6 years. The woman’s daughter lived with the couple. The man had two daughters who were grown. The man was interviewed...
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...Community Health Paper C228/VWT Task 1 By: Ericka Barrera November 20, 2015 A.) Identification of Community Depending on how you drive around, LA County can look very different in various parts of the community. As California’s largest county, with 10,116,705 people in the county, it is not hard to imagine that there are vast differences in even a localized area (U.S. Census Bureau, 2000-2013). With Hispanics making up almost half the population, the remaining Whites, Asians and African Americans, as well as other cultures, lend to a very diverse community. You can be in a very affluent area and drive only a few short miles and be now surrounded by run-down buildings, homeless people on the streets and poverty-stricken neighborhoods. Because of this, our community has many different health concerns that will be addressed in this paper. B.) Assessment of Needs and Risks B1. Population Economic Status In Los Angeles County, of the 10 million residents, 18.9% of households are at or below the poverty level (Los Angeles County, 2015). With the national average being 14.8%, LA County is a community that has to take care of a greater amount of people that are in need (U.S. Census Bureau, 2015). The average household income sits at $54,529 with African Americans being at the lowest median, around $36,609. Concurrently, they are also the population who has the highest percentage of poor, 38.1% (U.S. Census Bureau, 2000-2013). LA County also has a high rate of...
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...The Interplay of Diversity Training and Diversity Beliefs on Team Creativity in Nationality Diverse Teams by Astrid C. Homan, Claudia Buengeler, Robert A. Eckhoff, Wendy P. van Ginkel and Sven C. Voelpel. The journal puts forth the following research question; Does diversity training increase team creativity reflecting in better team cohesion and effectiveness but only for teams with less positive beliefs of diversity. The method in which the research is conducted is through a qualitative study whereas diversity beliefs questionnaires (online) were completed by 192 participants of 41 different nationalities. All of the participants were undergraduate students who were enrolled in an international university located in Germany. One of the gaps in the study was that the study failed to understand the long term effects of diversity training along with addressing the effects of it on individuals who have not been previously exposed to diverse conditions or diverse individuals. Additionally, the diversity training was only conducted for persons within an academic setting and may suggest that people outside of academia would respond much differently to diversity training. The findings of the research suggest and support the idea that a lack of diversity in organizations may be a liability and that providing diversity training to teams and organizations with a little or no diversity can achieve positive results but at the same time, may result in a reduction of creative performance...
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...Cultural Competence The city of Milwaukee in Milwaukee County area is an extremely ethnically and racially diverse city in the state of Wisconsin (Milwaukee Citywide Policy Plan, 2010). According to the American Community Survey (ACS) in 2008 the city residents made up about 63% of Milwaukee County’s total population. However, the city of Milwaukee accounts for almost 88% of the county’s minority population and that number is slightly increasing yearly (Milwaukee Citywide Policy Plan, 2010). There are primarily Blacks, Hispanics, and Asian minorities found living in the area but there are still many more other minorities found in the streets of the city of Milwaukee. Graph 1 and Graph 2 below show the minority population in Milwaukee County compares to the minority population in the city of Milwaukee. Graph 1: Milwaukee County Population 2013 Sources: United States Census Bureau, 2010 Graph 2: City of Milwaukee Population 2010 Sources: United States Census Bureau, 2010 With the continuing rise of minorities, one of Milwaukee’s largest health care facilities, Aurora Health Care, needs to focus more on how they can increase cultural competence. Cultural competence is the ability of a health care system to be able to provide care to their patients of diverse values, behaviors, beliefs (Betancourt, Green, & Carrillo, 2002). It is a continuous attempt and ongoing process to understand the traditions, values, customs, and beliefs of a diverse group and respecting...
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...Pierce County, WA Community Assessment Western Governors University Pierce County, WA Community Assessment Community Description and Data Interpretation Pierce County is situated in the central west of Washington State. The county is divided by Puget Sound, with the majority of the land to the east of the major waterway. There are several small islands included in the county that are located near the southern edge of the Sound. At the county’s eastern border, the beginnings of foothills lead to the actively volcanic Mount Rainier’s summit. Many parts of the county today are built upon the deposits of lahar from past eruptions. The geography of Pierce county ranges from a rocky shore to a lush, national forest with many lakes, rivers, and creeks in between. Overall, the county has 1794 square miles of land and 118 square miles of water, not including Puget Sound (Pierce County Department Of Emergency Management, 2010). Pierce County became well known in the late nineteen hundreds when the city of Tacoma became the western terminus of the Northern Pacific Railroad – the first transcontinental railroad in the north. The introduction of this railroad led to an increase in shipping and manufacturing in the area. At the time, lumber, shipping, farming, and coal mining powered Pierce’s economy. With the exception of mining, all these industries are still present today, though industrialization has made them less prominent than in the past (Pierce County Department...
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