...The city of Philadelphia has one of the most racially segregated school systems in the United States with the largest performance gap between black and white students nationwide. “Philadelphia’s black population, and particularly its affluent black population, lives in much poorer neighborhoods than comparable whites because they are so highly segregated by race” (Denvir). The average black elementary school student in Philadelphia is reading at the 21st percentile, while his white counterpart is reading at much higher 66th percentile. The disparity experienced within the public education of Philadelphia children is caused by rampant segregation within the school system itself. Through my own experience, as well as the writings of the renowned psychologist Franz Fanon and philosopher Paulo Freire, I have found that the solution to the public education problem begins with a narrowing of the gaps between the haves and the have-nots. The Citypaper article written by Daniel Denvir unearthed a number of unbelievable disparities between the black and white students within the Philadelphia education system. Studies indicate that “Philadelphia blacks are exposed to poverty at a rate nearly three times higher than whites. The average black person in the Philly area lives in a neighborhood with a 24.8% poverty rate, compared to just 8.4% for whites. Chicago, Cleveland, St. Louis and Detroit follow close behind” (Denvir). The location within the greater Philadelphia area is the...
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...This project was designed to address the housing needs for homeless/abused women and children and to find what funding is best suited for such a non profit endeavor. This research looks at the different aspects of public funding and private funding of non profits. This research draws upon mostly primarily sources such as interviews, books, articles, case studies. Most research was done on the reason that places women and children in the predicaments to put them in transitional housing and a look at “Ruth’s Place.” The goal for starting Ruth’s Place, a transitional home for women and children’s non-profit organization is to improving the future of women and children in the City of Philadelphia and Tri-State areas. After meeting with Directors of similar programs established in the City of Philadelphia, the goal of this research is to determine the need for another transitional home and the proper funding to create a program that will be effective in the lives of those we service. What is Transitional Housing? Transitional housing, sometimes called second stage housing, is a residency program that includes support services. Usually provided after crisis or homeless shelter, transitional housing is designed as a bridge to self-sufficiency and permanent housing. Residents usually remain from six months to two years, and are typically required to establish goals to work towards economic stability. Viewed along a continuum of services, transitional housing is placed...
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...provide for the establishment of Federal Reserve banks. Mostly it was to furnish an elastic currency, to afford means of rediscounting commercial paper, to establish a more effective supervision of banking in the United States of America, and also for other purposes. Over the years different responsibilities and roles have occurred within the Federal Reserve. It did not just consist of the same functions but over time it changed and changed for the good of the country. The major factor that has contributed to most of the change within the Federal Reserve is the Great Depression. The Great Depression was known as a severe worldwide economic depression. There was a high unemployment rate, poverty, deflation, plunging from incomes, and many more consequences. These components sent the United States into a deep state of unstableness. The Federal Reserve System is made up of several different components. These components consist of appointed Board of Governors, the Federal Open Market Committee, and twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks, which are located in major cities throughout the nation, numerous privately owned U.S. member banks and various advisory councils. There are seven members that make up the Board of Governors in the Federal Reserve System. The members are appointed by the President of the United States and confirmed by the senate. Currently there are only five members that sit on the board with two vacant seats. The names of the members are Ben S.Bernanke who is chairman...
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...Initial reactions to the work This song, by Billie Holiday, was made famous with its dark meaning and the astounding performance that was brought forwards. With nothing more than a fine piano, a few brass instruments, and the haunting pain heard in Ms. Holiday’s voice, this piece of music was truly a gem of modernism. Billie Holiday did an amazing job with the simulation of pure distraught that was easily conveyed to me. The sense of sadness and lamentation is truly genuine and the tone can only be recreated by Lady Day herself. Historical context Holiday’s piece of music was released at the end of the American Great Depression, which resulted from a crash in the stock market, causing a deep depression in the economy for the following ten years to come. During this time, unemployment rates skyrocketed out of control and people began to lose their homes and most of their possessions. This period of time was a clear contrast to the previous decade and the wealth that came from the 1920s. However, this proved to not be a complete detriment to the arts. The music industry had almost arrived at a full collapse, but this era in American history helped pave the way for jazz and blues to become a new light in otherwise dark times (Ward, 2000). Black musicians were arguably some of the most influential people during this time, with men and women like Louie Armstrong, Sarah Vaughn, Duke Ellington, and of course, Billie Holiday herself. Artistic experimentation was encouraged during this...
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...“deserts” can usually be found in the southern parts of the U.S. where poverty is more of an issue. For the past few decades, the consumption of unhealthy meals has increased. Social media plays a huge part in this recent spike of bad diets; Trends are set using social media, which influences many day to day decisions made by today’s youth. Education can also be considered a reason for such poor dieting. Children in the inner city are not taught about healthy dieting from elementary through high school. Instead, children are taught how to say ‘a’ for ‘apple’, but not that apples are a healthy alternative compared to McDonald’s French fries. As time progresses, these same children grow older and carry their bad eating habits along with them and completely disregard healthy eating. The fact that food deserts are practically abundant in their neighborhoods does not make this any better. In Chicago alone, minorities make up the majority of low-income neighborhoods, and in these neighborhoods, grocery stores are miles away from homes where fast food restaurants are thriving. The city is purposely constructed this way as a scheme to keep the health of minorities down, especially African Americans. This way, the minorities become dependent upon the system. African Americans who are faced with poverty are not able to afford constant medical bills as well as treatment, or they have no transportation. When poverty strikes it is very hard to progress, making it easier for us to be killed...
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...Paxson, 3). Despite the high overall levels of childhood obesity, impoverish children from ethnic minority groups present higher numbers. For example, 31% of Latino children, 23% of Black children, by contrast only 15% of both White and Asian children are considered obese (Grier and Kumanyika, 187). This makes up a 24% overall obesity for children within New York City. Asian American children are an exception to the general pattern of higher obesity rates amongst ethnic minority groups. The government is now becoming more concerned about this issue. Some of the ways they have tried to alleviate this issue is by making programs that create “opportunities for students to make informed choices regarding healthy eating behaviors” (Datar and Sturm, 1060). The United States Congress has already considered several legislations such as the ‘Improved Nutrition and Physical Activity Act’ or ‘IMPACT’ ” (Datar and Sturm, 1060). Locally policy makers are involved in making guidelines which schools have to follow, such as “in California, deep fryers have been banned, so chicken nuggets and fries are now baked. Sweet tea is off the menu in...
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...Research shows that minority groups lack confidence in law enforcement, and many believe that police are likely to use excessive force. Social scientists who have done extensive research on the relationship of racial minorities and law enforcement note that there is a deep sense of mistrust embedded in many communities. (Wihbey, Kille) Blacks and Latinos live in constant fear of being arrested for no reason by white cops. They have to be on their best behavior just to do simple activities throughout the day. Some people suggest that the reason some police officers act the way they do towards black men is fear. They are scared of black men and act in a way that helps them not be so scared. They take away their power before they can use it against them. Police officers that are afraid act in a panic and that’s when “accidents” happen. (Williams) Even though it can be scary for both parties, black men and police officers need to know that they are not always out to get each other. Due to a lack of training, some...
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...of the world. These businesses and organizations then start to operate and trade on an international scale. Globalization can be attributed to advances in the industrial sector, changes in the transportation and telecommunication systems, infrastructural changes, and the rise in the internet culture and development. The interplay of these forces in politics, religion and economies influence the economic trends of each country. Some of the social effects of globalization to the world economy include: poverty reduction due to increase in the wages and employment rate in the participative developing countries, improved healthcare provision due to the registered decline in the maternal and infant mortality rates, the provision of better educational standards, in line with the global millennium developmental goals. However globalization has also been viewed as a key in increasing the unemployment rates in the third world countries due to massive sacking of workers, high poverty rates and low income generation among the working populace, poor education and health policies that do not support the growth of the economy. The young people are considered as the major parameter of determining a country’s economic and social progress. The state of the youth in a country highlights the country’s economic trends and prowess. In Australia, the effects of globalization are felt far and wide in the country and deeply affect...
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...Racial & Ethnic Short-Answer Questions (15) Should reparations be paid to the descendants of victims of slavery? • Some reject the decision made in the Bakke case that providing a remedy for the effects of racial discrimination is unconstitutional. They argue that the idea of reparations is rooted in international law. • Affirmative Action is inadequate, the ‘Maafa’ (meaning disaster, i.e., slavery) is a crime against humanity, and therefore compensation is required. • In the past 50 years apologies and financial compensation has been given to a wide range of groups, including survivors of the Jewish holocaust (as well as descendants of the victims), Japanese-Americans who were imprisoned during the Second World War and native Americans who had their land illegally seized in the USA. • African Americans have been demanding compensation for slavery since the end of the American Civil War. Immediately after the abolition of slavery, the demand was for 40 acres and a mule to ensure they would not be dependent on their former slave-owners. Then, between 1890 and 1917, there was a movement to lobby the government for pensions to compensate for their unpaid labour under slavery. Since 1989, Congressman John Conyers Jnr (Michigan) has introduced a bill every year to study the case for reparations. Each of these initiatives has been largely ignored by the political establishment. • Reparations would ensure full recognition of the scale of the Maafa and, at the same time...
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...The aim of this essay is to discuss the new global definition of social work, to assess the background of this research and to highlight the implications of this new definition to social work practice and development in Zambia and Africa at large. To begin with, the new definition will be given and explained then a discussion of its background and implications will be made. Finally, a conclusion will be drawn. The new definition hopes to address three major criticisms of the prior definition. It attempts to be more inclusive of indigenous knowledge, to be less biased towards Western ideals of individualism and change, and instead to encompass collectivity, continuity and cohesion. Lastly, it endeavors to emphasize social work’s involvement in theory and research and its capacity as an academic discipline, in addition to its practical application. The links also include commentary and explanation for each aspect of the definition’s wording and the mandates, principles, knowledge and practice that undergird the social work profession (Kanyowa 1999) Social work is a practice-based profession and an academic discipline that promotes social change and development, social cohesion, and the empowerment and liberation of people. Principles of social justice, human rights, collective responsibility and respect for diversities are central to social work. Underpinned by theories of social work, social sciences, humanities and indigenous knowledge’s, social work engages people and structures...
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...The United States of America (USA), commonly referred to as the United States (US), America, or simply the States, is a federal republic[10][11] consisting of 50 states, 16 territories, a federal district, and various overseas extraterritorial jurisdictions. The 48 contiguous states and the federal district of Washington, D.C. are in central North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is the northwestern part of North America and the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also has five populated and nine unpopulated territories in the Pacific and the Caribbean. At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) in total and with around 316 million people, the United States is the fourth-largest country by total area and third largest by population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries.[12] The geography and climate of the United States is also extremely diverse, and it is home to a wide variety of wildlife. Paleo-indians migrated from Asia to what is now the US mainland around 15,000 years ago,[13] with European colonization beginning in the 16th century. The United States emerged from 13 British colonies located along the Atlantic seaboard. Disputes between Great Britain and these colonies led to the American Revolution. On July 4, 1776, delegates from the 13 colonies unanimously issued the Declaration of Independence. The ensuing war ended...
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...Food Deserts-The Impact Food Deserts Have on Today’s Society Abstract Food Deserts is defined as large and isolated geographic areas in which mainstream grocery stores are absent or distant. The research has demonstrated the statistical link between Food Deserts and worse diet-related health outcomes, after controlling other key factors. The actual term ‘food deserts’ is quoted, by S. CUMMINS (British Medical Journal, 2002, Vol.325, p.436), as having been originally used by a resident of a public sector housing scheme in the west of Scotland in the early 1990s. There are several ways to look at food deserts. 1). low- Income Project 2). The independent. 3). The observer 4). The guardian. This research paper will elaborate on the ways foods deserts are defined and what affect it has on the health and well being of cultural families and communities. Table of Contents Page Abstract …………………………………………………………………………………………...2 Table of Contents ………………………………………………………………………………....3 Chapter One Context of the Problem ……………………………………………………………………......5-10 Statement of the Problem ……………………………………………………………………10-16 Research Questions ……………………………………………………………………………...16 Significance of the Study ……………………………………………………………………16-19 Objective of Study …………………………………………………………………………...19-20 Research Design and Methodology ……………………………………………………………..20 Materials ………………………………………………………………………………………...20 Organization of the Study………………………………………………………………………..21 Limitation of...
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...Doing Well by Doing Good Case Study: ‘Fair & Lovely’ Whitening Cream Aneel Karnani Stephen M. Ross School of Business The University of Michigan 701 Tappan Street Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1234 Phone: (734) 764-0276 Fax: (734) 936-8715 E-mail: akarnani@umich.edu March 2007 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Doing Well by Doing Good SMJ 07-6615 rev Doing Well by Doing Good Case Study: ‘Fair & Lovely’ Whitening Cream Abstract According to the ‘doing well by doing good’ proposition, firms have a corporate social responsibility to achieve some larger social goals, and can do so without a financial sacrifice. This paper empirically examines this proposition by studying in depth the case of ‘Fair & Lovely,’ a skin whitening cream, marketed by Unilever in many countries in Asia and Africa, and, in particular, India. Fair & Lovely is indeed doing well; it is a profitable and fast growing brand. It is, however, not doing good, and I demonstrate its negative implications for public welfare. I conclude with thoughts on how to reconcile this divergence between private profits and public welfare. Key Words: Corporate social responsibility; bottom of the pyramid 2 Doing Well by Doing Good SMJ 07-6615 rev The idea that companies can do well by doing good has caught the attention of executives, business academics, and public officials. The annual report of virtually every large company claims its mission is to serve some larger social purpose besides making profits. The theme...
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...| Abortion vs. Child Birth | An Individual’s Cost and the Cost to Society | | | Abortion vs. Child Birth An Individual’s Cost and the Cost to Society “The ability of women to participate equally in the economic and social life of the nation has been facilitated by their ability to control their reproductive lives.” Justice Sandra Day O’Connor (Boonstra, et al., 2006, p.6) Introduction “A woman typically spends roughly five years pregnant, postpartum or trying to become pregnant and three decades trying to avoid pregnancy.” (Boonstra, et al., 2006 p.6) This is more true today than any other time in history. The role women have played throughout history has been that of nuturer. In society today, she must also be provider. With this added duty placed on her, today’s women have had to adjust. One of these adjustments are the number of children she is willing and able to provide for. Advancements in technology in the past century has enabled her to control this, specifically abortion and the use of contraceptives. Hypothesis Changing roles in the family unit have caused the dynamic to change. Women have become the sole provider to the family in many households forcing them to earn a living as well as take care of the children. Conflicting sets of moral and ethical values within society have made their choices more difficult. By controlling which options she has availible, is society choosing for her? When does a specific...
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...contractors and manufacturers from around the globe working in unison to exacting concrete and design specifications. The Panama Canal’s third lane expansion involves building enormous new locks that will accommodate the new generation of shipping vessels that are about three times the size of “Panamax” ships constructed to fit precisely in the existing canal’s lock chambers. According to the vessel glossary of the World Trade Ref, the Panamax is defined as: “An ocean-going cargo vessel of the maximum size possible to pass through the locks of the Panama Canal, which are 1000ft long by 110ft wide and 85ft deep. These vessels are typically of 50,000 to 80,000 dwt, 965ft (290m) in length; 106ft. (32.3m) beam; and 39.5ft (12.04m) draft.” The new locks on the Atlantic and Pacific entrances will consist of a trio of chambers measuring 1400ft (427m) long, 180ft (55m) wide, and 59ft (18m) deep. When completed, this construction will expand the capacity of the current fully-booked shipping route from Asia that, for years, sent cargo that couldn’t fit through the existing canal to the west coast where other ports have been overburdened; after landing in these ports, the freight had to make an expensive journey by road and rail over land. The newly...
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