...Course Research Paper – Vicksburg Campaign History 101 – 87 N – 06 May 2015 The Campaign of Vicksburg was “the key”, to ensuring victory and the assurance of commerce to world markets. Where the march of Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, March 1863 to July 1863, would prove compelling is that Grant would out generalize Lt. Gen. John C. Pemberton and eventually start the fall of Richmond and the Confederacy of Jefferson Davis. That the campaign was a central ingredient for success according to President Abraham Lincoln and would divide the Confederacy while, giving the Union complete control of the Mississippi transportation route. With the capture of Vicksburg, the Union led by risky, yet boisterous attempts of Grant far more outmaneuvered the indecisive and ill-equipped decisions of Pemberton; and the stronghold of the Union over the Confederacy. At this time in the Civil War, the Mississippi river was the most important trade and supply route in the United States. It was the livelihood of the country and with it held the greatest economic feature to trade in the country and the world for agricultural products and their export and intercontinental transfer. It was the last stranglehold the Confederacy held on the Union and the prevention of military supply and aid to the Deep South, commerce of the middle and northwestern states to the world and a waning support of the war in enthusiasm and economic demand. President Abraham Lincoln said of Vicksburg and the importance...
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...As I read through the interest group website on group that stood out for me was the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP). I was surprised to see that it was one of the top 25 most influential special interest groups listed (Interest 2002). My husband is over 50 and I am fast-approaching that age. He is a member of AARP and as a spouse so am I. We get the newsletters and e-mail but I never really paid much attention to the influence AARP had over policies affecting people over 50. The main theme of my paper is how AARP’s organization and lobbying efforts show that to be a force to be reckoned with, an interest group can use money and sheer numbers to get it’s point across. First let’s define what a lobbying is. According to Encyclopedia Britannica “lobbying, any attempt by individuals or private interest groups to influence the decisions of government; in its original meaning it referred to efforts to influence the votes of legislators, generally in the lobby outside the legislative chamber. Lobbying in some form is inevitable in any political system” (Britannica 2011). The organization I chose to write about was formerly known as the National Retired Teachers Association. “Because of its broader focus on issues ranging from medical care, social security, health and welfare, aging, insurance, financial planning, and consumer protection, the name was officially changed in 1999 to the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP)” (Money Matters 2011). AARP...
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...Joint Command and Staff Programme 38 Distance Learning Rank & Name: Major Lynne Chaloux Syndicate No: 1 Directing Staff: BGen (ret’d) Gagnon Course: JCSP 38 DL Assignment Code: D1/DS 542/ENV/RP-01 Assignment Name: Command Research Paper Unshakeable Faith: The Flawed Command of Bomber Harris ASSESSMENT Assessor: Richard Martin Mark: Comments: UNSHAKEABLE FAITH: THE FLAWED COMMAND OF BOMBER HARRIS INTRODUCTION This research paper will focus on Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur Harris’ wartime command of the Royal Air Force’s (RAF) Bomber Command from 1942-1945. This analysis will utilize Dr. Ross Pigeau and Carol McCann’s model to evaluate the dimensions relating to Harris’ Competency, Authority and Responsibility (CAR) and to assess the overall balance and effectiveness of Harris’ command. The CAR model was deemed most suitable to dissect pertinent aspects of this complex and controversial commander, allowing for the necessary depth of analysis into his abilities, responsibilities, beliefs, actions and reactions over a specific timeframe. This paper will illustrate that Harris, although highly skilled in many areas and having demonstrated impressive successes at the helm of Bomber Command, had a singular and seemingly intractable approach to war – to obliterate Germany’s war production capacity by area bombing its cities. This inflexible approach inhibited his...
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...The (un)Official United States History Cram Packet This is not intended as a substitute for regular study ……. But it is a powerful tool for review. 1494: Treaty of Tordesillas – divides world between Portugal and Spain 1497: John Cabot lands in North America. 1513: Ponce de Leon claims Florida for Spain. 1524: Verrazano explores North American Coast. 1539-1542: Hernando de Soto explores the Mississippi River Valley. 1540-1542: Coronado explores what will be the Southwestern United States. 1565: Spanish found the city of St. Augustine in Florida. 1579: Sir Francis Drake explores the coast of California. 1584 – 1587: Roanoke – the lost colony 1607: British establish Jamestown Colony – bad land, malaria, rich men, no gold - Headright System – land for population – people spread out 1608: French establish colony at Quebec. 1609: United Provinces establish claims in North America. 1614: Tobacco cultivation introduced in Virginia. – by Rolfe 1619: First African slaves brought to British America. 15. Virginia begins representative assembly – House of Burgesses 1620: Plymouth Colony is founded. - Mayflower Compact signed – agreed rule by majority • 1624 – New York founded by Dutch 1629: Mass. Bay founded – “City Upon a Hill” - Gov. Winthrop - Bi-cameral legislature, schools 1630: The Puritan Migration 1632: Maryland – for profit – proprietorship 1634 – Roger Williams banished from Mass. Bay Colony 1635:...
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...Chapter 13 Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions. 53. In the 1820s and 1830s one issue that greatly raised the political stakes was a. economic prosperity. b. the Peggy Eaton affair. c. a lessening of political party organizations. d. the demise of the Whig Party. e. slavery. 54. The new two party political system that emerged in the 1830s and 1840s a. divided the nation further. b. was seen at the time as a weakening of democracy. c. resulted in the Civil War. d. fulfilled the wishes of the founding fathers. e. became an important part of the nation’s checks and balances. 55. In the 1820s and 1830s the public’s attitude regarding political parties a. grew more negative. b. saw little change from the early years of our nation. c. reinforced the belief of the Era of Good Feelings. d. accepted the sometimes wild contentiousness of political life. e. none of the above. 56. By the 1840s new techniques of politicking included all of the following except a. the use of banners. b. free drinks. c. parades. d. baby kissing. e. deference...
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...Changing views of the contribution of popular Spanish resistance to victory in the Peninsular War. The guerrillas have been viewed in a variety of different ways in the historiographical record of the Peninsular War. Until relatively recently, according to Tone, “historians have paid them scant attention” putting the focus on, according to Esdaile “great men, great armies and great battles”. This essay will explore some aspects of the guerrillas that have been the subject of debate in the historiography, focussing first on exploring who the guerrillas were and what their impact was on the war. Tone, in a study of the English language historiography and that of France and Spain identified that there was a difference in the way each treated the guerrillas. He summarised that while the British ignored the guerrillas’ role, the French overplayed the role of the church and the Spanish tended to portray the popular resistance as comprising the whole of the population. It could be argued that this reduction of three historiographic traditions to just three simple ideas is an oversimplification, but there is some justification for at least one of these ideas. To illustrate, and explain the British view, Tone cites Napier’s 1882 history of the Peninsular War as discussing the guerrillas, or partidas (the name given to guerrilla bands by the Spanish themselves) in less than glowing language. Reading the rest of the Napier, it is true that there are very few mentions of the guerrillas...
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...Introduction From 1894 to 1899, Captain Albert Dreyfus, an Alsatian Jewish artillery officer, languished in prison on Devil's Island after the French Army General Staff wrongfully convicted him of treason and espionage. The campaign for his release, organized by his family and supporters, along with revelations of an army cover-up, saw the so-called “Dreyfus Affair” become the major focal point of French public discourse at the turn of the century. Partisan camps of “Dreyfusards” and “anti-Dreyfusards” waged a war of words against each other as they debated Dreyfus' innocence and, implicitly, what it meant to be French in the Third Republic. Marked by an effusion of antisemitic vitriol, this debate has been characterized by Frederick Brown as a polarizing battle between two rival visions of France.[1] This battle at times extended to the streets, as it did in response to the publication of Émile Zola's 1898 “J'accuse.” Zola's open letter indicted the Army General Staff for antisemitism and cover-up, and prompted reactionary riots across France, the most violent of which occurred in French colonial Algiers. There, the burning of Zola in effigy sparked a riot in which 158 shops were destroyed, six Jews were assaulted (two fatally), and 9 rioters, 47 police, and a large but unknown number of Jews were seriously injured.[2] As the site of some of the only murderous violence during the Affair, colonial Algeria deserves particular attention. Examining the Dreyfus Affair from the...
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... Denver, Colorado • Oxford, England Copyright 2007 by ABC-CLIO, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data DeVries, Kelly, 1956– Medieval weapons : an illustrated history of their impact / Kelly DeVries and Robert D. Smith. p. cm. — (Weapons and warfare series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-10: 1-85109-526-8 (hard copy : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-85109-531-4 (ebook) ISBN-13: 978-1-85109-526-1 (hard copy : alk. paper) ISBN-13: 978-1-85109-531-5 (ebook) 1. Military weapons—Europe—History—To 1500. 2. Military art and science—Europe—History—Medieval, 500-1500. I. Smith, Robert D. (Robert Douglas), 1954– II. Title. U810.D48 2007 623.4094'0902—dc22 2006102102 11 10 09 08 07 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Production Editor: Vicki...
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...simple but unusually devout farm child during the height of the Hundred Years’ War. Disaster after disaster befell her native France -- the English invaders and their Burgundian allies conquered and occupied the northern half of France including Paris. Dauphin Charles VII, the rightful but un-crowned king of France, set up the remnants of his royal court at the town of Chinon. From here, this weak monarch of questionable competence tried to rule over the unoccupied rump of France. Starting in May, 1428, Joan, claiming that God was directing her through the saints, repeatedly approached the regional governor demanding that he send her to Charles at Chinon. She insisted that it was her divinely ordered mission to take charge of the French army, defeat the English, and escort Charles to Rheims to have him properly crowned king. In October 1428, the English and Burgundians began their siege of the city of Orléans, their last obstacle before overrunning the rest of France. In...
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...WORKERS OF ALL COUNTRIES UNITE! QUOTATIONS FROM CHAIRMAN MAO TSE - TUNG 5 FOREIGN LANGUAGE PRESS P E K I N G 1966 First Edition 1966 M O R F S N O I TAT O U Q NAMRIAHC GNUT - EST OAM 5 SSERP EGAUGNAL NGIEROF 6691 G N I K E P Printed in the People’s Republic of China Study Chairman Mao’s writings, follow his teachings and act according to his instructions. Lin Piao A facsimile of the above statement by Comrade Lin Piao in his own handwriting appears on the previous page. FOREWORD TO THE SECOND EDITION OF QUOTATIONS FROM CHAIRMAN MAO TSE-TUNG (December 16, 1966) Lin Piao Comrade Mao Tse-tung is the greatest Marxist-Leninist of our era. He has inherited, defended and developed MarxismLeninism with genius, creatively and comprehensively and has brought it to a higher and completely new stage. Mao Tse-tung’s thought is MarxismLeninism of the era in which imperialism is heading for total collapse and socialism is advancing to world-wide victory. It is a powerful ideological weapon for opposing imperialism and for opposing revisionism and dogmatism. Mao Tse-tung’s thought is the guiding principle for all the work of the Party, the army and the country. Therefore, the most fundamental task in our Party’s political and ideological work is at all times to hold high the great red banner of Mao Tse-tung’s thought, to arm the minds of the people throughout the country with it and to persist in using it to command every field of activity. The...
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...The Grassroots Battle: Wal-Mart Supercenter Rosemead Stephen J.J. McGuire, Christine Chueh, Tia Mao & Isela Mercado California State University, Los Angeles September 11, 2008 Wal-Mart, founded in 1962 in Rogers, Arkansas, was the largest retail chain in the world. Its growth was derived from a wide range of competitive advantages, such as Wal-Mart’s sophisticated use of information technology to keep track of and reorder items, the use of “Just-in-Time” shipments of merchandise from distribution centers that eliminated the need for costly in-store inventory storage2, and the sheer economies of scale it achieved compared to its rivals. Wal-Mart also exploited “economies of density” to make the most of its centralized distribution hubs.3 These advantages, combined with its “Every Day Low Price” strategy, enabled Wal-Mart to serve its target market, of which the residents of Rosemead, California were typical. In 2003, Wal-Mart’s attempt to establish a Supercenter 12 miles from downtown Los Angeles in the city of Inglewood, California was stopped by a community grassroots effort to keep the retailer out. Wal-Mart then diverted its expansion plan to the nearby city of Rosemead, where a new Supercenter would benefit from two Wal-Mart distribution centers within a cluster of ten neighboring Wal-Mart stores. In September 2004, the Rosemead City Council voted in favor of Wal-Mart’s plans to open its first Supercenter in Los Angeles country, alienating many residents who felt their...
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...The campaign for suffrage - a historical background Today, all British citizens over the age of eighteen share a fundamental human right: the right to vote and to have a voice in the democratic process. But this right is only the result of a hard fought battle. The suffrage campaigners of the nineteenth and early twentieth century struggled against opposition from both parliament and the general public to eventually gain the vote for the entire British population in 1928. ------------------------------------------------- Who took part in the campaign? The first women's suffrage bill came before parliament in 1870. Soon after its defeat, in 1897, various local and national suffrage organisations came together under the banner of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS) specifically to campaign for the vote for women on the same terms 'it is or may be granted to men'. The NUWSS was constitutional in its approach, preferring to lobby parliament with petitions and hold public meetings. In contrast, the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU), formed in 1903, took a more militant view. Almost immediately, it characterised its campaign with violent and disruptive actions and events. Together, these two organisations dominated the campaign for women's suffrage and were run by key figures such as the Pankhurstsand Millicent Fawcett. However, there were other organisations prominent in the campaign, including the Women's Freedom League (WFL). These groups were often...
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...STALIN, THE GREAT PURGE, AND RUSSIAN HISTORY: A NEW LOOK AT THE ~EW by MARSHALL SHATZ Paper No. 305 1984 CLASS' STALIN, THE GREAT PURGE, AND RUSSIAN HISTORY: A NEW LOOK AT THE 'NEW CLASS' ~ MARSHALL SHATZ Paper No. 305 1984 Marshall S. Shatz received his B.A. from Harvard College and his M.A., Certificate of the Russian Institute, and Ph.D. from Columbia University. He edited The Essential Works of Anarchism (New York: Bantam Books, 1971; Quadrangle Books, 1972) and is the author of Soviet Dissent in Historical ¥erspective (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1980). He is Professor of History, University of Massachusetts at Boston. 1 STALIN; THE GREAT PURGE; AND RUSSIAN HIsroRY: A NEW IOOK AT '!HE • NEW CLASS' Though nearly fifty years in the past; Stalin •s Great Purge of the 1930s still loans as one of the nost enigmatic events of the twentieth century. Whether we think of the Great Purge as a IOOre or less continuous process fran the assassination of Kirov in 1934 to Ezhov's replacement by Beria as head of the secret police at the em of 1938; or limit it to the EzhoVshchina of 1937 and 1938; When the terror reached its peak; operation is astounding. the sheer nagnitude of the The nuniber of arrests; deportations; imprisonments; and lives lost in these years is impossible to measure; and attempts to do so have varied wildly. Even the lOi/est estimates; however; are staggering.l It ...
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...[3] While the former obligates States Parties to uphold the leading principles for the use of deprivation of liberty, the procedural rights, treatment and conditions afforded to children in conflict with the law when deprived of liberty, the latter safeguards the legal rights of the children in conflict with the law by ensuring that they receive treatment and guarantees of fair trial which could afford protection on them (Committee on the CRC, General Comment 10, 2007).[4] This article seeks to analyze pertinent issues surrounding the juvenile justice system in Malaysia in particular, at the pre trial process. The first objective of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of the juvenile justice system in Malaysia in protecting the legal rights of the child offenders particular at the pre trial process. The second objective of this paper is to identify factors which contributed to child offenders committing criminal acts and to evaluate the existing...
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...MALAYSIAN STUDIES HISTORY MALACCAN SULTANATE Introduction • Founded by Parameswara, a prince from Palembang, Sumatra in the early 15th century. • Parameswara fled Palembang when it was attacked by the Majapahit army from Java and went to Temasik (Singapore) and killed its ruler, Temagi, who represented Ayhuthia (siam). Five years later, Ayuthia attacked Temasik and he fled and settled at a place which was later called Melaka (Malacca). • General features :- a. centre for trade b. centre of Islam c. big empire d. political relation with China Similarities with present Malaysia 1. Islam as the official religion 2. Government system :- a. Sultan – head of state, Islam and army b. Ministers / Officers : o Bendahara (Prime Minister) o Temenggung (Chief of Security / Police) o Penghulu Bendahari (Finance) o Laksamana (Navy) o Syahbandar (Trade and Port) 1. Law :- a. Undang-undang Melaka / Hukum Kanun Melaka (based on Islamic law) b. Undang-undang Laut Melaka (Marine Law) Factors that helped Malacca to prosper 1. Geographic :- a. Location – between India and China trade route b. sheltered from the South West and North East monsoon c. deep natural port d. people living by the seaside (orang laut) – help to defend from attacks 1. Economic :- a. concentration on trade – centre for trade in the Malay Archipelago b. centre of entreport trade – international level 1. Political & Administration :- a. relation with China (superpower)...
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