...CHAPTER 5 – Writing to reflect * Writer is OBSERVER * Kinds of documents: Memoir, photo essays, short stories, literacy narratives, reflective essays * HOW TO WRITE: * Find a conversation and Listen in: Explore ur experience -> Ask questions abt promising subjects -> Conduct an observation * Reflect on Your Subject: Examine ur subject ( explore processes, consider implications, examine similarities and differences, trace causes and effects, consider value, identify challenges and difficulties, reflect on ur experience ) -> Collect detail ( compare ur subject with something else, discuss ur ideas) -> Find significance * Prepare a draft: Convey your main idea (P137)-> Tell a story ( Setting, character, plot, conflict, climax, resolution, point of view) -> Go into detail -> Choose your point of view (third-person pronouns or first-person pronouns) -> Consider genre and design (readable font, double –spacing, using illustrations) -> Frame your reflections (Organization, Introduction and Conclusion) * Review and Improve ur draft: Ensure that ur main idea is clear -> Examine the presentation of ur observations -> Review dialogue -> Show, don’t tell. CHAPTER 6 – Writing to inform * Writer is REPORTER. * Kinds of documents: Brochures, Websites, Articles, Profiles, Informative essays. * HOW TO WRITE: * Find a conversation and Listen in: Explore ur interests (Personal interests and hobbies, Academics...
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... Theory of stereotyping Stereotyping is a form of pre judgment that is as prevalent in today's society as it was 2000 years ago. It is a social attitude that has stood the test of time and received much attention by social psychologists and philosophers alike. Many approaches to, or theories of stereotyping have thus been raised. This essay evaluates the cognitive approach that categorization is an essential cognitive process that inevitably leads to stereotyping. Hamilton (1979) calls this a 'depressing dilemma'. Brown's (1995) definition of stereotyping through prejudice is the 'holding of derogatory social attitudes or cognitive beliefs, the expression of negative affect, or the display of hostile or discriminatory behavior towards members of a group on account of their membership to that group'. This definition implies that stereotyping is primarily a group process, through the individuals psyche's within that group. A further idea of stereotyping, defined by Allport (1954) as 'thinking ill of others without warrant', is that people 'make their mind up' without any personal experience. This pre judgment about a whole group is then transferred to the stigmatization of any individuals in that group. It is these ideas that the essay aims to evaluate, through the cognitive process of categorization and the above definitions that bring about three distinct features of stereotyping, that our cognition can be demonstrated through...
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...Personal Responsibility Essay One’s chances of succeeding in college are highly dependent on their ability to demonstrate their personal responsibility. By doing so, one will be set for success not only in college, but also in life. Personal responsibility is also seen by many as a way to determine one’s character. Instead of giving up on one’s desires in life through the use of poor personal responsibility, they should push themselves to their greatest potential. There are many definitions of what personal responsibility is, depending on who one asks, but the common factor that they have is simply to know what choice is the best one to choose from, whether it be in their role as a leader or life in general. As Michael Korda has been quoted saying in “Leading Thought: Building a Community”(1996-2002), “Success on any major scale requires you to accept responsibility....In the final analysis, the one quality that all successful people have is the ability to take on responsibility.” While searching for information this student came across a perfect explanation of what the definition of personal responsibility is to the majority of people. PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY ESSAY 3 According to Ron Haskins in “The Sequence of Personal Responsibility”(2009), “Personal responsibility is the willingness to both accept the importance of standards that society establishes for individual behavior and to make strenuous personal efforts to live by those...
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...This essay will discuss the following main statement; the adoption of a proposed new look Code of Ethics, based on the international Federation Accountants’ code, will ensure that New Zealand Charted Accountants meet their ethical responsibilities. Within this essay an adverse position will be taken towards the previous statement. The international Federation of Accountants (IFAC) states that, professional standards and the code of ethics form important benchmarks that should be met by practicing accountants. Accountants should understand and apply them when conducting any type of work (Pickett 2005). The New Zealand Institute of Charted Accountants (NZICA) is a member of IFAC, as part of its member obligations NZICA has to apply the same standards as IFAC (nzica) . This is how the previous statement arises, due to IFAC recently going through a major revision of the code in the area of independence. (nzica) .This essay will appoint different issues and concerns about adopting a new code of ethics and how this change will actually affect the society. Such points are; personal moral judgment, ethical education being a factor of ethical responsibilities and unclear types of enforcement and points of the Code of Ethics. “Good ethics, whether at work or home, demands self-knowledge, Whereas some groups want to see ethics as a skill or a particular part of organizational transformation, practising good ethics ultimately comes down to you and how you make decisions.”(6). Moral judgment...
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...Ethics Essay ETH/316 February 20, 2014 Ethics Essay Ethics is a study of an individual action. Ethics refers to standards right and wrong in human life. Ethics also prescribe what humans should do; in terms of rights, obligations, benefits to society, fairness, or specific virtues. There are many types of ethics. Ethical development is an important tool in society today and is the basis of defining, an entire culture. In this paper, I will discuss the differences between utilitarianism, virtue theory, and deontological ethics. Through further insight of these similarities and differences one can begin to comprehend the importance ethics and social responsibility plays in personal and business success. Additionally, reflecting on a personal experience I will explain the relationship between virtue, values, and moral concepts as they relate to one specific ethics theory. The similarities between each ethics can make them seem made as one. For example, morals define who we are as individuals more specifically our characters and ethics express the social system as it relates to work environment. “According to Boylan (2009), virtue theory has a definition of cultivating excellence in life and constituting an aspect of the good person” (Boylan, 2009). “Utilitarianism according to Boylan (2009), is a theory that suggests that an action is morally right when that action produces more total utility for the group than any other alternative,” (p. 153). Deontological ethics...
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...Definition: What is literature? Why do we read it? Why is literature important? Literature is a term used to describe written or spoken material. Broadly speaking, "literature" is used to describe anything from creative writing to more technical or scientific works, but the term is most commonly used to refer to works of the creative imagination, including works of poetry, drama, fiction, and nonfiction. Generally, most people have their own ideas of what literature is. When enrolling in a literary course at university, you expect that everything on the reading list will be “literature”. Similarly, you might expect everything by a known author to be literature, even though the quality of that author's work may vary from publication to publication. Perhaps you get an idea just from looking at the cover design on a book whether it is “literary” or “pulp”. Literature then, is a form of demarcation, however fuzzy, based on the premise that all texts are not created equal. Some have or are given more value than others. Most forays into the question of “what is literature” go into how literature works with the reader, rather than how the author set about writing it. It is the reception, rather than the writing, which is the object of enquiry. Largely, what we call “literature” is often a subjective value judgment, and naturally, value judgments, like literary tastes, will change. Etymologically, literature has to do with letters, the written as opposed to the spoken word...
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...This essay will discuss the following main statement; the adoption of a proposed new look Code of Ethics, based on the international Federation Accountants’ code, will ensure that New Zealand Charted Accountants meet their ethical responsibilities. Within this essay an adverse position will be taken towards the previous statement. The international Federation of Accountants (IFAC) states that, professional standards and the code of ethics form important benchmarks that should be met by practicing accountants. Accountants should understand and apply them when conducting any type of work (Pickett 2005). The New Zealand Institute of Charted Accountants (NZICA) is a member of IFAC, as part of its member obligations NZICA has to apply the same standards as IFAC (nzica) . This is how the previous statement arises, due to IFAC recently going through a major revision of the code in the area of independence. (nzica) .This essay will appoint different issues and concerns about adopting a new code of ethics and how this change will actually affect the society. Such points are; personal moral judgment, ethical education being a factor of ethical responsibilities and unclear types of enforcement and points of the Code of Ethics. “Good ethics, whether at work or home, demands self-knowledge, Whereas some groups want to see ethics as a skill or a particular part of organizational transformation, practising good ethics ultimately comes down to you and how you make decisions.”(6). Moral judgment...
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...Ethics Essay Steven L. McClain ETH/316 April 14, 2014 Aaron Rawls Ethics Essay Ethics has many definitions that are similar, so I decided to choose what I thought would fit it best. According to "Business Dictionary.com" (2014), "The basic concepts and fundamental principles of decent human conduct. It includes study of universal values such as the essential equality of all men and women, human or natural rights, obedience to the law of land, concern for health and safety and, increasingly, also for the natural environment” (para. 1). This definition sums up ethics well for me, but I believe that morals have great influence on ethics and thus I feel a definition of morals is needed. Bernard (2002), "Morality (from the Latin moralities "manner, character, proper behavior") is the differentiation of intentions, decisions, and actions between those that are "good" (or right) and those that are "bad" (or wrong)” (para. 1). So now we have the informalities out of the way, we can get to what we really want to talk about, which is the difference between virtue theory, utilitarianism, and deontological ethics. Rainbow (2002), "The virtue ethical theory judges a person by his character rather than by an action that may deviate from his normal behavior. It takes the person's morals, reputation and motivation into account when rating an unusual and irregular behavior that is considered unethical” (Virtue). Basically this definition states that someone’s past is used as a criteria...
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...general pattern; especially: a standardized mental picture that is held in common by members of a group and that represents an oversimplified opinion, prejudiced attitude, or uncritical judgment” (Merriam-Webster, 2017). The sociological definition is “an oversimplified, generally over-exaggerated belief that all members of a certain group act and think in the same fashion“ (Publishing, 2017). I believe there is a commonly missed component in those definitions that can create unexpected and unforeseen issues. Often with these issues, one can find misunderstandings, as well as the perpetuation of issues like racism. These problems...
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...current performance evaluation does not address the needs of the employee by properly preparing the employee for the goals of the company. The employee has not been given or been informed of the standards of the company. Standards or goals, when issued upfront, enhance performance, motivate, and in turn serve as a basis to evaluate after a set period of time. Performance standards should be set for all bottom-line practices including quantity, quality, time used, and cost. An effective performance evaluation system is based on accurate performance standards that are easily defined, measured, and standardized for all employees. Behavioral evaluations are based on observable aspects of performance while trait evaluation involves personal judgment regarding characteristics of an employee related to performance. Some examples of trait appraisals would be initiative, leadership, and attitude. Behavioral evaluation is based on whether or not an employee is actively aware and proactive in developing procedures to improve the organization. It is also necessary to evaluate the specific job related criteria needed to perform the activity. In this case, the engineer is described as a bright and detail oriented person who has considerable experience in the industry. The "value of common criteria" refers to the benefit of using one set of evaluation criteria for all employees versus using a different set of evaluation criteria for each employee (London & Smither, 2006). In order to...
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...Martina Korpue Introduction to Ethics Professor Fumerton November 30, 2012 “Ethical judgments are social instruments” In his essay “The Emotive Meaning of Ethical Terms”, Charles Leslie Stevenson (C.L. Stevenson), a professor of philosophy who taught at the University of Michigan, theorizes that the function of ethical statements is not to describe, but is rather to prescribe. He claims that language carries a type of meaning which he calls ‘emotive meaning’, rather than descriptive meaning and uses many examples of the term ‘good’ to establish his belief. He aims at showing that the notion of ‘good’ is equivalent to taking favor of something (“X is good”= “I like X”). Stevenson’s in-depth analysis of the concept of ‘good’ ultimately shows his readers the reality that the disagreement over whether something is good or not is just simply a disagreement in attitude. The first method used in determining the emotive meaning of ethical statements is to first address ethical questions in answering the question ‘Is X good?’ by what Stevenson calls ‘substitution’. He explains that in order to help understand this concept, the question must be substituted by a question that is free from ambiguity and confusion (Stevenson 370). It would not make sense to substitute this question with one that is irrelevant or with one that is the same as the question being assessed. He uses an example of substitution with the statement ‘Is X pink with yellow trimmings?’ This statement clearly has...
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...Social Injustice, and Religious Ritualism; the Prophets View Bible 105-B27 LUO: Old Testament Survey 201320 Spring 2013 Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx L33333333 Liberty University March 07, 2013 Sins of Idolatry, Social Injustice, and Religious Ritualism; the Prophets View Several of the prophets had much to say in regards to idolatry, social injustice, and religious ritualism throughout the Old Testament. Some of these that will be used in this essay are Isaiah, Hosea, Micah, Jonah, and Ezekiel. Their verses will better define the meanings God has on each of these subjects. Let us begin by asking the question; what is idolatry? Merriam-Webster online defines it as: 1the worship of a physical object as a god, or 2immoderate attachment or devotion to something. The first definition is what most individuals think of in regards to idolatry. Stone, wood, brass, and golden statues comes to mind. However, it is the second definition that is more appropriate for a Christian to understand. It is the word “something” that is the key to the definition of idolatry. Anything you put before God is idolatry and is sin. The first two Commandments state: “You shall have no other gods before me. You shall not make yourself an image in the form of anything… You shall not bow down to them or worship them (Exodus 20:3-5 NIV). The idols of today are too numerous to count. Many people today place more emphasis on sports, possessions, money, television, and electronics, than taking care of their...
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...Review for Midterm #1—Classical & Medieval Cultures The in-class portion of the exam will consist of 30 objective questions (multiple-choice and matching) and 2 short answer questions (no more than three sentences per answer). The in-class portion of the exam will be worth 100 points. The out-of-class essay will be worth an additional 100 points. See below for the out-of-class essay questions. Ancient Near Eastern & Greek Culture Terms: Trojan War, anthropomorphism, polytheism, monotheism, Archaic Age, Classical Age, Hellenistic Age Art & Artworks: Sculpture: relief sculpture, free-standing sculpture, idealism, naturalism; characteristics of Archaic sculpture, kouros, kore; characteristics of Classical sculpture, Myron, Discus Thrower, Polycleitus, Spear-Bearer, Canon, unknown sculptors, Zeus, Three Goddesses,, Praxiteles, Aphrodite of Knidos; characteristics of Hellenistic sculpture, Laocoon and his Sons, Old Shepherdess ; Architecture, frieze, pediment, entablature, capital, metope, triglyph,; Characteristics of Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian styles, Parthenon, Temple of Athena Nike, Erectheion (with Porch of the Maidens), Propylaia Literature & Drama: epic poetry, Epic of Gilgamesh, Homer, Iliad, Odyssey; Hesiod, Theogony; Theater of Dionysus, tragedy, comedy, Oresteia of Aeschylus, Antigone & Oedipus the King by Sophocles, Medea by Euripides, Lysistrata by Aristophanes, characteristics of tragedy, hubris, hamartia, catharsis Thought: Pre-Socratic...
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...Social Injustice, and Religious Ritualism; the Prophets View Bible 105-B27 LUO: Old Testament Survey 201320 Spring 2013 Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx L33333333 Liberty University March 07, 2013 Sins of Idolatry, Social Injustice, and Religious Ritualism; the Prophets View Several of the prophets had much to say in regards to idolatry, social injustice, and religious ritualism throughout the Old Testament. Some of these that will be used in this essay are Isaiah, Hosea, Micah, Jonah, and Ezekiel. Their verses will better define the meanings God has on each of these subjects. Let us begin by asking the question; what is idolatry? Merriam-Webster online defines it as: 1the worship of a physical object as a god, or 2immoderate attachment or devotion to something. The first definition is what most individuals think of in regards to idolatry. Stone, wood, brass, and golden statues comes to mind. However, it is the second definition that is more appropriate for a Christian to understand. It is the word “something” that is the key to the definition of idolatry. Anything you put before God is idolatry and is sin. The first two Commandments state: “You shall have no other gods before me. You shall not make yourself an image in the form of anything… You shall not bow down to them or worship them (Exodus 20:3-5 NIV). The idols of today are too numerous to count. Many people today place more emphasis on sports, possessions, money, television, and electronics, than taking care of their...
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...CHAP TER Rhetorical Modes 1. NARRATION L E A R N I N G O B J E C T I V E S 10 1. Identify the purpose and structure of narrative writing. 2. Recognize how to write a narrative essay. Rhetorical modes simply mean the ways in which we can effectively communicate through language. This chapter covers nine common rhetorical modes. As you read about these nine modes, keep in mind that the rhetorical mode a writer chooses depends on his or her purpose for writing. Sometimes writers incorporate a variety of modes in one essay. In covering the nine rhetorical modes, this chapter also emphasizes these as a set of tools that will allow you greater flexibility and effectiveness in communicating with your audience and expressing your ideas. rhetorical modes The ways in which we effectively communicate through language. 1.1 The Purpose of Narrative Writing Narration means the art of storytelling, and the purpose of narrative writing is to tell stories. Any time you tell a story to a friend or family member about an event or incident in your day, you engage in a form of narration. In addition, a narrative can be factual or fictional. A factual story is one that is based on, and tries to be faithful to, actual events as they unfolded in real life. A fictional story is a made-up, or imagined, story; the writer of a fictional story can create characters and events as he or she sees fit. However, the big distinction between factual and fictional narratives is based on a writer’s purpose...
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