...Rehabilitation in Prisons Joseph Iadanza CJA/234 July 15, 2013 Christopher Marco Rehabilitation Paper “Definition and origin of rehabilitation in prison” Rehabilitation is the aspiration with probability of programs to restore the individual to a prior state. Theoretically rehabilitation is special programs that focus on the needs of the inmate to reunite with society. The origin of rehabilitation evolved from different ideas starting in the 17th century England into the late 19th century in the United States. The purpose of jail and prison were forms of rehabilitation by punishment. By the removing the offender from society punishment would be the form of rehabilitation. In 1779 Parliament passed the Penitentiary Act that made rehabilitation of criminals a functioning part of the prison system. When examining the following histories of parole, Transportation, Norfolk Island, The Irish System, and New York’s Elmira each mention the conditions of behavior as a term of release. In the United States, Zebulon Brockway took the ideas of Alexander Maconochie and Sir Walter Crofton’s in which he modified and integrated in the 1869 New York’s Elmira Reformatory. The theory was to humanize prison life and make prisoners fit for society (University of Phoenix, 2011). “Definition of parole and how it differs from mandatory release” Parole is the supervised early release of an offender from confinement. The purpose behind parole is the offender will serve a substantial portion...
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...protected by the Fourteenth Amendment from invasion by the states that is, common crime of breach of the peace used in arresting the petitioners (U.S. 229, 1963). Decisions: Following were the charges for breaching the peace, the students were imposed 5 days in jail to or 30 days in jail or 10 to 100 dollar fine. Reasoning: “The Supreme Court of South Carolina claimed that the law of the state states that the offense of breach of peace "is not susceptible of exact definition," but that the "general definition of the offense." "In general terms, a breach of the peace is a violation of public order, a disturbance of the public tranquility, by any act or conduct inciting to violence . . . , it includes any violation of any law enacted to preserve peace and good order. It may consist of an act of violence or an act likely to produce violence. It is not necessary that the peace be actually broken to lay the foundation for a prosecution for this offense. If what is done is unjustifiable and unlawful, tending with enough directness to break the peace, no more is required. Nor is real personal violence an essential element in the offense. . . ." (U.S. 229, 1963). Dissenting Opinions: The definition of breach of the peace according to South Carolina laws tend to violate the rights of the petitioners and the demonstration was peaceful and nobody reported any discontent but the students were arrested and convicted. Disorderly Conduct: The loud singing, clapping...
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...Michelle Carter should have been charged with the crime of involuntary manslaughter because her actions were reckless and the crime could have been prevented if she acted differently. The definition of manslaughter according to Merriam-Webster Dictionary is, “manslaughter resulting from the failure to perform a legal duty expressly required to safeguard human life, from the commission of an unlawful act not constituting a felony, or from the commission of a lawful act in a negligent or improper manner.” Carter’s actions fall under the definition of involuntary manslaughter and she needs to be accountable for her actions. Her words cannot be diminished by the fact were sent via text messages because they still influenced, and ultimately led,...
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...Differences in Jails and Prisons CRJ 303: Corrections 09/12/2011 When an individual commits a crime and is found guilty in a court of law, he or she will either be sent to jail or prison. The placement of the individual depends on the type of crime that is committed. Jail and prison are both places to send a criminal to keep them out of society and to do time for the crime that was done. There is a difference between jail and prison. Not everyone goes to jail for a crime. They may be sent to prison to serve his or sentence. In this paper I will discuss the difference between jail and prison. Jail can be defined as “a correctional institution used to detain persons who are in the lawful custody of the government (either accused persons awaiting trial or convicted persons serving a sentence).” (TFD, 2011) People who go to jail do not serve a long sentence. The will be in jail no more than up to two years or less. The mission for jails is pretty simple, “jails are full service facilities that offer security, food service, medical care, and offender programs.” (Seiter, 2011, Pg. 73) Jails are operated by the by the local government in which it is in. “There are about 3,600 jails in the U.S.” (CL, 2011) Jails are funding by the state that they are located in. The average size of a jail cell is 6 x 8. “Jails don’t have many amenities for people serving time there, since they won’t be there for very long (although a jail sentence can...
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...English 1 Segment 1 Discussion Based Assessments Study Guide Congratulations on preparing to complete your discussion based assessment with your instructor! Use the topics below as an overview to prepare for your discussion along with your assessments, graphic organizers, or materials that you completed in your unit. When you are ready, contact your instructor to schedule an appointment or to complete your discussion assignment with them over the phone. Unit 1 DBA (Lesson 1.11) - Review the radio version and the written version of War of the Worlds. - Review the plot of The Cold Equations. - When he sensed the girl he said come out I the rising acion. - The control room description is the exposition. - Sending her away is the falling action - “Her haunting the ship” the ship was at a cold equation and all he heard was I didn’t do anything; denouncement. - Conversation with her brother is climax - Review both internal and external conflict types and be prepared to discuss them and provide examples. | The other kind of conflict comes from within, and it is known as internal conflict. | Man vs self. External conflicts occur outside of a person. External Conflict These are problems that can come from other people or from things in the environment. Man vs. Man | Man vs. Nature | Man vs. Society - Review Paraphrase and Summary. | A paraphrase is a rewording of something another author wrote. This does not make it your own work (always put your work cited)...
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...Jessie Snyder Prof. Ervin ENG/280 02/06/2016 Cyberbullying Introduction Here I will open with some statistics on cyberbullying and the number of cases that are reported per year. Also, why we need newer and stricter laws implemented against bullying crimes. I. Cyberbullying Definition, History, and Demographics a) Definition of cyberbullying and What other cybercrimes qualify under the category of cyberbullying such as cyber harassment b) History, when did cyberbullying begin c) What are some demographics such as gender, race, sexuality, etc… II. Statistics a) Statistics on how common cyberbullying is b) And the number of new cases each day to show the prevalence of the situation. c) Number of suicide cases related to cyberbullying each year. d) Show the reason we need harsher punishments to stop cyberbullying. III. Effects of cyberbullying a) Show how cyberbullying affects the nation as a whole. b) Show the effects that cyberbullying has on the victims. c) Will touch on a couple of cases from cyberbullying and the affect it had on the victim. IV. Laws on Cyberbullying a) I will show current law on cyberbullying and whether they are federal and/or state b) What new laws need to be implemented and why. c) How the age of the bully affect the punishment’ V. Internet security a) Why internet safety is need in this day and age b) New programs that are designed to stop cyberbullying...
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...Marijuana to some is a beneficial plant that helps with the medical needs of many. In 2009 with 16.7 million Americans aged twelve or older using marijuana at least once a month it must go beyond just being medically beneficial to its users. (Marijuana-Info facts NIDA., 11/2010). The three points that will be discussed in this paper are the definition and usage of marijuana, the current laws in Iowa and in California concerning medical marijuana, and the current penalties for non-medical usage. DEFINITION AND USAGE OF MARIJUANA: Marijuana is all parts of the plant Cannabis Sativ L., whether grown or not; the seeds thereof; the resin extracted from any part of the plant; and every compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of the plant, its seeds or its resin. It does not include the mature stalks of the plant, fiber produced from the stalks, oil or cake made from the seeds of the plant, any other compound, manufacture, derivative mixture, or preparation of the mature stalks (except for the resin extracted there from), fiber, oil, or cake, or the sterilized seed of the plant which is incapable of germination (H&SC 11018). It’s most addictive quality and chemical is known as delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (Guide to California’s Marijuana Laws., 2011). Usage of marijuana comes in two forms recreational and medical. The following map shows where the use of medical marijuana is accepted and legal, when It became legal, and where it is not legal: ...
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...Jail and Prison Mary A. Webster CJA/204 November 9, 2014 MARY ELLEN DE FRIAS Jail and Prison There is a deference between jail and prison. The federal government is in charge of the prison system in the United States where local and state governments are in charge of jails. There is many different types of prisons, where there is only one type of jail. The United States has an issue of over crowed prisons and jails. This in turn has led to many different kinds of prison violence which has but both the inmates and the correctional offices in danger. Two of the ways the government use to reduce prison and jail populations are probation and parole. It is important that the government finds other a ways to reduce the populations of the jails and prisons. In the federal government, there is several deferent types of prisons such as federal prison camps, federal correctional institutions, low security facilities, medium security facilities, high security prisons and administrative maximum (ADMAX) facility. (University of Phoenix, 2014) (Schmalleger, F, 2011) Then there is state and local jails that house prisoners with a sentence that is typically a year or less. (Schmalleger, F, 2011) These jails are low security where prisons can be anywhere from low security to maximum security. In Martinsburg WV, there is the Eastern Regional Jail, and then only a few hours away there is a high security U.S. Penitentiary Known as USP Hazelton, which is located in Hazelton WV. ("The Eastern Regional...
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...encompass many types of conditions like :offenders with severe psychological needs, mental retardation, significant psychiatric disorders, behavior disorders, multiple handicaps, neurological impairment and substance abuse; or offenders with physical handicaps, or chronic or terminal illnesses; or elderly offenders; or offenders with severe social and/or educational deficiencies, learning disabilities or language barriers; or offenders with special security or supervision needs, such as protective custody cases, death row inmates and those who chronically exhibit potential or aggressive behavior; or sex offenders, for whom appropriate treatment may reduce the risk of reoffending” ("Special Needs Offender Law & Legal Definition", n.d.). As more inmates are found guilty and are given prison sentences the prison system has to focus on separating special needs offenders. This separation is necessary to insure safety and balance within the facility. The special needs population can affect both the state and federal level of incarceration because they must gather accurate date. Putting offenders with different needs together can lead to violence issues among inmates. There is also an increase possibility of mental and emotion strain on all ready unstable prisoners “Correctional agencies today face many serious management problems that they did not have in the past as a result of the increasing proportion of the correctional population...
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...Redemption Princeton (2010) states that jails are places used for holding people in lawful custody; nevertheless, one can argue that jails are institutions of confinement for individuals serving short-term sentences and awaiting trial. During the rule of the Roman Empire and Egyptians, jails were used as method of punishing for lawbreakers, debtors, and a facility to housed slaves. Throughout history, jails have served as facilities where the laws of the land are enforced. These institutions are an important factor within the justice system, which allows criminal justice procedures to take effect. These institutions house suspects in order for law enforcement officers (LEOS) to conduct their investigation to bring the guilty to justice (Princeton, 2010). Jails can be traced back to ancient civilizations; these houses of justice form the fundamental iron cloth of the law that ensures laws and discipline of the nation are adhered. The correctional system of today's generation have conformed and improved the jail system, these facilities are now humane in comparison to old civilizations. Offenders of modern society still initiate the first phase of his or her restitution, rehabilitations, and reformation behind these walls. Enslavements have been replaced with prison labor; furthermore, these theological methods help inmates to repay society while earning a stipend in jail. The correctional system of some regions still practices the old jail concepts of inflicting pain by torturing...
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...Physicians who assist in their patients suicide and help them are failing to comply with the Hippocratic Oath. The Hippocratic Oath, “is still held sacred by physicians”(Medical Definition of Hippocratic Oath). Physician assisted suicide falls into the category of malpractice and consequences for that could cause the physician to lose his/her job by breaking the oath. In the Hippocratic Oath it states that the physician has to help and comfort their patient. Help them with their medical needs. A Physician’s job according to the Hippocratic Oath is, “to treat the ill to the best of one’s ability”(Medical Definition of Hippocratic Oath). If their patient is in a massive amount of pain that cannot be stopped or eased why not put them out of their misery is that is their wish? Physicians are putting much at risk if they choose to assist in ones suicide, no matter how much pain the person may be...
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...Despite its social acceptance and its ability to have multiple meanings, including positive meanings, graffiti is by definition a crime of vandalism. No matter how many people are in favor of graffiti in modern times, it is still illegal. The punishments for graffiti will vary depending on a variety of factors which can include things such as the cost to repair damages and how the province decides to handle graffiti crime. As per California Code, Penal Code - PEN § 594, graffiti is described as anything that, “includes any unauthorized inscription, word, figure, mark, or design, that is written, marked, etched, scratched, drawn, or painted on real or personal property”. On top of this, depending on the repair costs, in California a person found guilty of graffiti vandalism can be charged with time in jail, a fine, or both....
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...Ben Peavey Professor Clark English 102 7 March 2024 A Rhetorical Break Down of Jails Extorting the Poor “To protect our general safety, and ensure our rights as citizens against abuses by other people, by organizations, and by the government itself” (“What is a Law?”). This is the definition of law defined by the Judicial Learning Center, now it breaks down law by stating that the goal of law is to protect the rights of citizens against others. This definition seems quite straightforward on how the law is, but in fact, the law is more skewed and warped than it's alluded to. According to Salil Dudani’s informational page, Salil Dudani is an attorney at Civil Rights Corp. based in California. He deals with cases involving money bail and...
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...CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Project Context A system is said to be effective if the end is realized with a maximum of success while using a minimum of means. To test, therefore, the effectiveness of the inmate system, the end or the objectives and the means or the strategies availed of to secure the desired end must be examined. According to A. Sarras, N.D., in today’s world Management Information System, a computerized processing system is needed in generating information for the people in the organization to meet the information needed in decision making to achieve the corporate objective of the organization. In any organization, small or big, a major portion of the time goes in data collection, processing, documenting it to the people. Hence, a major portion of the overheads goes into this kind of unproductive work in the organization. Every individual in an organization is continuously looking for some information which is needed to perform his/her task. Hence, the information is people-oriented and it varies with the nature of the people in the organization. The difficulty in handling this multiple requirement of the people is due to a couple of reasons. The information is a processed product to fulfill an imprecise need of the people. It takes time to search the data and may require a difficult processing path. It has a time value and unless processed on time and communicated, it has no value. The scope and the quantum of information is individual-dependent and it is...
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...Research Assignment Linux Security Technologies Kristy Graves ITT Tech – Dayton Linux II IT302 Mandatory Access Control Mandatory Access Control (MAC) is a system wide policy that relies on the current system to control access (Syracuse University, 2009). Users cannot alter or make any changes to this policy. Only the administrator has the clearance and authorization to make changes (The Computer Language Company Inc., 2012). Mandatory access control mechanisms are more than Discretionary Access Control (DAC) but have trade offs in performance and convenience to all users (The Open Web Application Security Project, 2002). Users can access lower level documentation, but they cannot access higher level without the process of declassification. Access is authorized or restricted based on the security characteristics of the HTTP client. This can be due to SSL bit length, version information, originating IP address or domain, etc. Systems supporting flexible security models can be SELinux, Trusted Solaris, TrustedBSD, etc. DAC checks the validity of the credentials given by the user. MAC validate aspects which are out of the hands of the user (Coar, 2000). If there is no DAC list on an object, full access is granted to any user (Microsoft, 2012). SELinux SELinux has three states of operation. These states are enforcing, permissive, and disabled. SELinux was developed by the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA) and implements MAC in a Linux kernel (Sobell, 2011). Enforcing...
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