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Definitions

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Definitions

• Finance- The science that describes the management, creation and study of money, banking, credit, investments, assets and liabilities. Finance consists of financial systems, which include the public, private and government spaces, and the study of finance and financial instruments, which can relate to countless assets and liabilities.
• Efficient market- A market whose prices quickly respond to the announcement of new information.
• Primary market- A part of the financial market where new security issues are initially bought and sold.
• Secondary market- The financial market where previously issued securities such as stocks and bonds are sold.
• Risk - The chance that an investment's actual return will be different than expected. Risk includes the possibility of losing some or all of the original investment. Different versions of risk are usually measured by calculating the standard deviation of the historical returns or average returns of a specific investment. A high standard deviation indicates a high degree of risk.
• Security - A negotiable instrument that represents a financial claim that has value. Securities are broadly classified as debt securities (bonds) and equity securities (shares of common stock).
• Stock – An instrument that signifies an ownership position in a corporation.
• Bond - A long-term (10-year or more) promissory note issued by a borrower, promising to pay the owner of the security a predetermined amount of interest each year.
• Capital - Financial assets or the financial value of assets, such as cash. The factories, machinery and equipment owned by a business and used in production. “Capital” can mean many things. Its specific definition depends on the context in which it is used. In general, it refers to financial resources available for use. Companies and societies with more capital are better off than those with

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