...Demand Side Management Working Group on Power for 12 Plan th Chapter 5 DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT ENERGY EFFICIENCY & ENERGY CONSERVATION 5.0 INTRODUCTION Improving the efficiency with which energy is used to provide economic services meets the dual objectives of promoting sustainable development and of making the economy competitive. Energy Efficiency & Conservation has also assumed enhanced importance with a view to conserve depleting energy resources. Over the past one decade energy efficiency in India has been increasing at a good trot, and energy intensity declined by about 20-25%. Yet there are places where energy efficiency opportunities continue to exist largely because of a range of market failures, information, risks and split incentives. This has led the Government of India through the Energy Conservation Act and the Bureau of Energy Efficiency to launch several programs. The Energy Conservation Act (2001) is the most important multi-sectoral legislation in India and is intended to promote efficient use of energy in India. The Act specifies energy consumption standards for equipment and appliances, establishes and prescribes energy consumption norms and standards for designated consumers, prescribes energy conservation building code for efficient use of energy in commercial buildings, and establishes a compliance mechanism for energy consumption norms and standards .Large scale energy savings can be realized through strengthening of the existing policies, schemes...
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...ELECTRICITY DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT (DSM) IN INDIA – A STRATEGIC AND POLICY PERSPECTIVE S. PADMANABAN & ASHOK SARKAR Office of Environment, Energy and Enterprise US Agency for International Development, New Delhi, India. Overview The Indian power sector has more than tripled its installed capacity, from 30,000 MW in 1981 to over 100,000 MW in 2001. Despite this growth in supply, its power systems are struggling to overcome chronic power shortages and poor power quality. With demand exceeding supply, severe peak (around 18%) and energy (around 10%) shortages continue to plague the sector. Shortages are exacerbated by inefficiencies in power generation, distribution and end-use systems. The inefficiencies in the end-use systems is due to irrational tariffs, technological obsolescence of industrial processes and equipment, lack of awareness, nascent energy services (ESCO) industry, and inadequate policy drivers (such as energy efficiency standards and labeling system, financial incentives) in India. The elementary problem being faced by the power sector is the poor financial conditions of the State Electricity Boards (SEBs) or successor entities in most states. Over the years, the SEBs have been causing an increasingly larger drain on the State Government budgets, contributing to 10-15% of the state fiscal deficits adversely impacting much needed investments in the social sectors of health and education. The power sector is operating with very low or no returns...
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...Supply chain management is the vital business function that coordinates all of the network links. Supply-chain management is the management of the activities that procure raw materials, transform them into intermediate goods and final products, and deliver the products to customers through a distribution system these activities are the components of a supply chain. The supply chain function’s role is to help identify the products and services that can best be obtained externally to improve performances to develop, evaluate, and determine the best supplier, price, and delivery for them. The wholesaling and the retailing industries incorporate a logistic focus within their strategic decisions; this is because it will enable them to control the movement of goods from the supplier to end customers without waste. This helps to obtain efficiency of operations through the integration of all material acquisition, movement, and storage activities in the firm which is the objective of logistics. One of Dell’s supply chain management is by using technology to decrease storage and increase efficiency. Meaning, Dell uses their company supply and shipping networks that exemplifies the latest trend in logistics, which is, visibility. Dell makes sure that their inventories can be trace and tracked throughout their entire logistical operations. With solid visibility made possible by technology, the company could query all of its shipments by bill of lading number to figure out which shipments...
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...Measuring a company’s performance can bring about a challenge, with every step to save money a tradeoff will occur. Evaluating a company and trying to find a performance measurement can be achieved by creating two different forms of analysis. By allowing the measurement of the different levels of the company the performance can be properly measured by limited the amount of tradeoff they might suffer. Another aspect of the challenges faced by supply chain management would be the transportation side. With available forms of transportation at downfall it is vital for a company to be at the utmost attentive when it comes to delivering their product. Companies must implement a system that eliminates critical disadvantages in the process of delivering and receiving their products. A concern for modern supply chain companies would be the way that companies select and implement new supply chain management technology. Technology has had an ever reaching impact across all business atmospheres, but especially on the supply chain management side. Technology has enabled individuals around the world to collaborate and create even larger supply chains. In consequence this has allowed underdeveloped countries to become supply chain powerhouses, enabling companies to outsource their company due to such advances in technology. In fact creating larger markets, larger competition but also increasing collaboration and the availability of companies to pursue a much larger chain of supply. With modern technology...
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...managed, demands are forecasted, inventories are optimized and logistics are planned. Supply chain is the heart of the retail industry vertical, and if managed efficiently, it drives positive business and enables sustainable advantage, Matthew A and Stanley E (2013). If we observe carefully, huge amount of data is getting generated at each and every stages of the supply chain. In today’s digital world we are generating around 200 Exabyte of data each year, Silva R, Bogdan F and Marcin R (2013). Organizations are increasingly questioning their own ability to realize full potential from the huge amount of data they have within their supply chain, Steve...
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...capability for less cost in today's dynamic environment. We look to their partnership in the future to keep Boeing at the forefront of technology, innovation, productivity and affordability." Each year, Boeing spends more than $60 billion for goods and services from more than 21,000 suppliers and partners around the world that collectively employ more than one million people. In 2013, Boeing's global supply chain contributed more than 60 percent of the value of its products. "With increasing competition and tightening budgets, it's more important than ever to have a global supply chain that is committed to first-time quality and component reliability and consistently delivers high performance," said Jack House, vice president, Supplier Management for Boeing Defense, Space &...
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...Section 4.0 Questions for Review and Discussion Introduction to Supply Chain Management Instructor: Dwight Boehm Done by Chad Armitage 1. What are the similarities and differences between evaluating new and existing sources of supply? * Even if a supplier has been used before, its always important to continue to check financial status or complete your due diligence because conditions within a company can change. * If it’s an existing source it’s a lot easier to evaluate performance based on the past contracts/logistics and communication. All the more reason that is important to maintain up to date records of performance of current suppliers. * Additional business with an existing supplier may make better value proposition on the large amount of goods needed (economies of scale). 2. What are the benefits of multiple sourcing versus single sourcing? In what circumstances would you want to source a similar product from several suppliers? * Makes sure that the current supplier knows that competitors can steal business if they don’t continue with the current good value. * Assurance of supply * Eliminates the risk that if demand increases, that the current supplier won’t run out of product, and if they do, you can always obtain additional resources from your ‘back-up’ supplier. b) You may want to source a similar product from several suppliers when there is volatility in the market and a single source is risky. You may also want to have several...
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...E-Thematic IST–2001-37056 Thematic Network on e-Fulfilment THEMATIC Final Report Report Version: 1 Preparation Date: March 2006 Contract Start Date: 22 July 2002 Duration: 44 months Project Coordinator: Buck Consultants International Partner: ERTICO Members: Allagraf, ECG, ILIM, Neckermann, BTC, S&H, Shipserv, Thomas Miller Project funded under the “Information Society Technologies” Programme (19982002) of the European Union e-Thematic Final Report, March 2006 - e-Fulfilment Future opportunities - Contents Page Chapter 1 3 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Chapter 2 Introduction 3 3 4 6 7 Defining the Stage 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Chapter 3 Background The e-Thematic project Methodology The Research Consortium Report Supply chain integration and the Internet Traditional versus e-business focus e-Fulfilment Need for end-to-end e-Fulfilment solutions Software Standards Conclusions 8 8 9 11 12 13 15 17 18 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Chapter 4 Differentiation in e-Business 18 19 21 24 25 33 Introduction B2B business models B2C business models Differences between B2B and B2C Regional differences in e-Business Concluding Remarks Best Practices and key issues in e-Fulfilment 35 4.1 4.2 4.3 35 37 42 Introduction Best Practices Key issues e-Thematic Final Report, March 2006 - e-Fulfilment Future opportunities - 1 Page Chapter...
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...e-business and evolved and compare and contrast the differences and limitations between e-business and e-commerce as they relate to supply chain management. He will begin by explaining the evolution of e-business. Evolution of E-Business The idea of e-business did not happen overnight, but once the Internet evolved it opened a new world to the way people shop daily and how businesses operate. People can sit in their living rooms and shop for anything and everything; without ever leaving the comforts of their own home. Businesses have come to the realization that the Internet is a very powerful tool and if they want to reach a new level they must look at evolving into the area of e-business. E-business started with major corporations; Wal-Mart, Sears, Target, and other retailers, but has evolved into some grocery chains offer customers the ability to shop for groceries online and have them delivered to their homes. He and his wife have taken advantage of how e-businesses have evolved. Where they use to stand in lines for Black Friday sales, they sit in their living room and do all the shopping from their computer, receiving the same deals. One can see how e-business has evolved; He will now compare and contrast the differences and limitations between e-business and e-commerce as they relate to supply chain management. Supply Chain Management A company cannot survive if they do not have the merchandise to offer the customers; e-businesses are no different. If a customer goes...
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...Recently, more than 150 Chinese citizens in Beijing took part in World Car Free Day by riding bikes to fight against air pollution and traffic jams. A majority of the participants were between 20 and 3o years old who conventionally drove to work. However, the traffic congestion in Beijing was so serious that it wastes myriad of people’s time on their way to work or home. Intending to broadcast the idea of “ green transportation”, the 150 citizens wore green T-shirts and rode around Wangfujing Street is a popular tourist destination. Lots of tourists looked curious and excited when they see the row of people on bicycles and they all came closer to see what was happening. In addition, government officials took part in this campaign by putting up posters that talk about how to live in a green way and assigning policemen to each part of the street. Indeed, World Car Free Day originated in France and launched China in 2007. As the idea of environmental-friendly becomes prevalent, more and more people participate in environemntal conservation in order to make their own contributions to the society. It was reported by China daily that a man attacked three nurses and a pregnant woman with a knife following a plastic surgery dispute in Hunan. According to the man, the red mark left by his bear implant surgery near his lips affected his appearance and even daily life. However, the doctor refused to compensate for his red mark because it was caused by follicle inflammation...
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...AMC Toyota Production System (TPS) AMBA 640 Professor Breckon Executive Summary This paper will examine the use of Data analytics and Sustainable Supply Chain for Acme Mexico City. Introduction Acme Mexico City is facing a major decision with finding the appropriate number of employees that will be needed on the floor during any given point during the day to meet the needs of the customer and creating a supply chain that will meet the demands. Body Data analytics refers to qualitative and quantitative techniques and processes used to enhance productivity and business gain. Data is extracted and categorized to identify and analyze behavioral data and patterns, and techniques vary according to organizational requirements. (Technopedia) By adding data analytics to Acme Mexico City is would give them a competitive advantage and achieve an insights into consumer shopping patterns that directly affect the business. Data analytics would help facilitate Acme’s decision on how many part time customer service agents to have on the floor at any given time. However, there are limitations with the use of data analytics. Big data analytics is not only positive as it also offer some challenges. Data analytic technique requires powerful computers along with employees who are able to interpret the raw data. Data creates bigger haystacks. As we acquire more data, we have the ability to find many, many more statistically significant correlations. Most of these correlations are...
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...Congestion has become one of the fundamental problems confronted by big cities. There are those who argue that congestion charge is the most effective way to make alleviate the situation. As I shall argue, reasons why congestion charge can reduce traffic jam will be explained in this essay. According to London transport data (2012), before 2003 more cars went to the central London than buses in the weekday morning peak. After applied congestion charge policy in 2003, the number of people using bus and motorcycle have increased dramatically while the number of people commuting by car have experienced the opposite trend. It is clear that congestion charge has had a positive impact on congestion situation of London. The charge force people to find other environment-friendly vehicles to use such as buses and motorcycles, rather than using cars to go to work (Livingstone, 2008). There are those who maintain that in spite of traffic jam reduction, the congestion charge has brought many disadvantages to the society and economy (Morris, 2008). Firstly, many retailers in the charging zone have faced problem that people tend to go shopping outside city center for their larger purchase. With regard to a report produced by the London Chamber of Commerce and Industry, a quarter of business leaders were thinking of moving their businesses outside the zone. As a result, there will be a big transformation of streets and shops in London and these streets will no longer attract visitors to...
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...Learning Team Reflection: Supply Chain and Demand Model ECO/372 Learning Team Reflection: Supply Chain and Demand Model The topic that we are discussing is supply chain and demand model. We have learned many valuable tools over the past four weeks that has lead us to this topic. We learned about historical economic data, economic forecast data, aggregate demand and supply models. Each of these topics has aided us in learning the fundamentals of Macroeconomics. This week we discussed the relationship between supply chain and the supply and demand mode. We will explain what each is and how they work together. Our goal is to gain and give a better understanding of the relationship between the two. Supply Chain and Demand Model A Supply Chain is a network of companies and services that have products available to consumers. “Historically, the three fundamental stages of the supply chain; procurement, production and distribution, have been managed independently” (Thomas & Griffin, 1996, p. 1). The supply chain gets a good or service from the supplier to the consumer. Goods are often produced anywhere in the world, and the supply chain management makes them available to us locally so we don’t have to travel far to purchase a foreign car, a pair of jeans or a cup of coffee. They make sure we get the best quality for the price we pay. The supply chain consists of purchasing, logistics and the production line. The supply chain exists to bring in the...
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...whole system. You cannot find another such kind of element like the bullwhip effect which could affect all parts of the whole supply chain system. No matter what kind of industry the firm are, what place does the firm in or how hard does the firm try by its own, the processes inside of the firm from producing plan to all kind of inventory must be all influenced by the bullwhip effect and hard to avoid. That is why the bullwhip effect is one of the most deep-rooted influence factor. QUESTION 1 (A) Discuss the term “bullwhip effect” and its causes. The bullwhip effect is a distribution channel phenomenon in which forecasts yield supply chain inefficiencies. It refers to increasing swings in inventory in response to shifts in customer demand as you move further up the supply chain. The concept first appeared in Jay Forrester's Industrial Dynamics (1961) and thus it is also known as the Forrester effect. The bullwhip effect was named for the way the amplitude of a whip increases down its length. The further from the originating signal, the greater the distortion of the wave pattern. (July 2013) The bullwhip effect on the supply chain occurs when changes in...
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...The first contributor to Whirlpool’s success was the fact that Slone’s strategy realized that the problem facing the supply chain was a result of not only an old system in place, but also because of inefficient or poor management of the supply chain. In this regard, the solution was not only directed at improving the individual links such as the existing suppliers, logistic partners, etc. but rather it also involves completely changing the process of how supply chain is managed. In which case, it thus means modifying the entire procedures and system as well as the way the company managed the supply chain. Likewise, it asserts the proactive role of top management down to bottom-line employees who are involved in the total distribution of goods and services. Secondly, the company realized the importance of meeting their clients’ needs in a faster and more efficient ways. Thus, the employment of “schedule actualization” or the just-in-time (JIT) approach is asserted of critical role in improving the supply chain of Whirlpool. This is because people nowadays are more demanding due to their busy lifestyle. Thus, oftentimes, people purchase appliances with the expectation that the store will be able to provide or deliver the product to them in just a couple of days, hence “deliver with integrity.” Thirdly, building better expertise in the application of decision support and IT tools such as CPFR and i2 to identify patterns, assess potential performance, and manage newly developed...
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