Q 1 : Deming (Extract from "Out of Crisis"). "Eliminate : a) Work standards (quotas ), numbers and numerical goals to factory floor. b) Management by Objectives, substitute with leadership .

Ans : Nearly 30 years ago, W. Edwards Deming gave us his 14 Points for management regarding how Western management must change.
His 11th point was actually two points:
I) Eliminate work standards (quotas)on the factory floor. Eliminate management by numbers, numerical goals.
II) Eliminate management by objective. Substitute leadership.
Deming’s principles have enduring permanent value. They are probably more important today than when he spoke of these principles back in the 1980s. The two business practices of quotas and performance appraisals continue to destroy employees overall and affect costs, productivity, and quality negatively. We can’t afford to keep managing our companies stupidly if we are going to remain competitive.
a) Quotas can be appropriately used to ensure pricing structure and other items reflect practices. They aren't only used for browbeating or enabling laziness. Both quotas and objectives can be positive when used within the context of proper leadership. There is always more than one way to get things done. Commit and lead after you make good choices and your odds of success are greater. You can't look at tools as bad or wrong without some context of how they are used.
Deming is not telling us to manage without numbers. And, of course, both companies and individuals need goals, intentions, and aims - but not in isolation; they need the education, training, systems and methods to make it reasonable for these to be attained. What they do not need is arbitrary numerical goals. Of course, a company needs budgets and forecasts for planning and allocation of resources— but they must also not be