Free Essay

Democratic Peace Theory

In:

Submitted By Mzahit
Words 741
Pages 3
Democratic Peace Theory Democratic Peace Theory, which is firstly originated by Immanuel Kant back in 18th century, is a theory in political science that prevents armed conflict among democracies. The Democratic Peace indicates that democratic states will not get into war with each other; they have a separate peace On the other hand, it is possible for these democratic states to go to war with authoritarian regimes or stateless people. Scholars and academicians believe that democracies find an alternative way to get into a war such as compromises and arbitrations. It has been examined that democratic states have not engaged in a war with one another. Inherently, the number of democratic states expected to rise in the upcoming years of 18th century. As there are more democratic states, as there will be less armed conflicts among each other, which is going to lead the world to a better international system. It has been observed that democracies do get into armed conflict however not with one another; they usually get into war with non-democratic states. It is a significant observation. Democratic Peace Theory is consisted from Immanuel Kant’s “Perpetual Peace”. Immanuel Kant claims that peace is a reasonable outcome of the interaction of states with a republican form of government. The main idea behind Immanuel Kant’s “Perpetual Peace” is that ‘Democracy’ must be spread and made a universal system, in order to create peace amongst the states. This idea of Democratic Peace was discovered over 200 years by Immanuel Kant; however it only entered in to force in the early 1980s and the idea was developed by the writings of Michael Doyle.

The absence of armed conflict amongst democratic states is one of the most sensational theories of international politics in the recent decades. Immanuel Kant’s “Perpetual Peace” states that peace will only arise when all the states had civil constitutions forming republics. According to “Perpetual Peace”, for Kant a republic was an administration that recognized private property and formed a legal equality among citizens. Since peace under Immanuel Kant’s theory is a function of the form of a government, the logical implication is that liberal republicanism must be diffused and made universal in order to achieve perpetual peace among states. Up till democratic states share a common liberal idea, war will be unavoidable to prevent autocratic and despotic governments from oppressing their own people and from threatening the freedom of citizens in the liberal states themselves. This view of liberalism may also contribute to strengthening the democratic peace theory. Authoritarian regimes may view liberal states as particularly threatening because of this ideology that values the diffusion of liberalism to other states, which would of course threaten the authoritarian leader’s own power. Liberal states, on the other hand, would not feel threatened by the universalistic outlook of other liberal republics since they already share a similar form of government.
A significant role of democratic peace theory is that liberal and democratic governments share a common normal dedication to liberal ideals, and they frequently employ liberal justifications for going to war. Immanuel Kant states that often, the violent armed conflicts that liberal states get in to are publicly justified in the first instance as attempts to preserve a ‘way of life’: to defend freedom and private enterprise. However, when the potential democratic states attempts to engage in a war, it is much more difficult for democratic governments to advocate war to their own citizens.

Democratic Peace Theory still is one of the most important phenomenons of the 21st century, although there are still doubts and criticisms. The Democratic Peace Theory contains the appearance to be established on the picture of an idealised angle of what the world must be like. In absoluteness, states aim to preserve peace with other states as far as their own interests are not being occupied. The normal and traditional systems that are meant to prevent the democratic states from engaging in war can hardly disrespect a state’s national interests. Even when peace is preserved it is most likely explained more by these interests than commonality of a political culture.
Lastly, it is significant to argue that peace is not the exclusive choice of democracies alone. Peaceful relations with other states have also changed many non-democratic states in the recent decades and authoritarian regimes.

Muhammet Zahit Yapıcı

REFERENCES

Paul D. Williams, 2008, Security Studies, An Introduction
Martin Griffiths, 2013, Theory of International Relations
Immanuel Kant, Perpetual Peace

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Democratic Peace Theory

...Democratic peace theory, in its wider interpretation, is the empirical observation that democracies rarely, if ever, fight one another and it is this empirical dyadic observation that that has been described as the “closest thing we have to empirical law” in international relations. [1] Although what is meant by democratic peace is contested, and indeed as its validity as this essay will explore, the theory has been previously under Woodrow Wilson and more currently the Presidencies of Bill Clinton and George W. Bush, a significant conceptual factor in the formation of American foreign policy.[2] Our aim is a democratic peace, a peace founded upon the dignity and rights of every man and woman. America acts in this course with friends and allies at our sides, yet we understand our special calling: this great republic will lead the cause of freedom. In light of this statement, ongoing U.S. policy and its likely persistence an examination and understanding of the democracy peace proposition is clearly with merit. This essay will look at the democratic peace proposition at a several levels of analysis: at the monadic level of interstate war on whether democracies generally are more peaceful and whether transitional democracies are more inclined to war; and at the intrastate level as to whether democracies experience more or less civil war. It will examine the validity of the proposition(s), reasons for is occurrence and postulate on what implication there may be for...

Words: 5527 - Pages: 23

Free Essay

Theory of Democratic Peace

...Jestin Thompson Political Science 23 April 2013 Final Paper Theory of Democratic Peace The idea of democratic peace was brought up in the enlightened era. The theory of democratic peace was based off of Immanuel Kant’s “Perpetual Peace.” The theory of democratic peace argues that nation-states governed by democratic regimes do not tend to have conflicts with other countries that would lead to wars. With this theory, it shows that nation-states with a democratic rule are more likely to not go to war with other countries. In some cases, this theory has been proven to be true, but in other cases it has not, especially with the United States. There are many proponents and opponents for this theory. Through this essay, the theory is to see if democratic, authoritarian, and totalitarian rule can coexist peacefully together, which will be proven either to be true or untrue. In 1795, Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher, wrote the basis for the theory of democratic peace, which is called “Perpetual Peace.” Through his writings, it explains how countries can reach a perpetual peace and fit the democratic peace theory. In this writing, contains the preliminary articles for perpetual peace among states. This section includes six main topics to help achieve a perpetual peace. First, he explains that after a war there should not be a treaty with provisions for the future wars between the two nation states. Secondly, no state, whether large or small, should be controlled...

Words: 2972 - Pages: 12

Free Essay

Conscious Capitalism

... Lecture: Josè Alarcòn EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Conscious Capitalism: A more complex form of Capitalism that hold within itself the possibility to enhancing corporate performance while contributing to advance billion peoples’ quality of life...or...just good business. When approaching to this “new” horizon we have to know that is not new...capitalism doesn’t involve avidity and disrespect, it just has been corrupted. When Kant and Montesquieu were talking about the reducing of conflict through commerce, they were talking about just good business. This is a really important thing that has to enlighten everyone while approaching to capitalism in general and, obviously, to Conscious Capitalism. This philosophical and economical theory has to be understood in all its details because it seems there are no trap this time, we have eroded our world till today but maybe tomorrow we can began to “reconstruct” it. In fact, now, we can see our reality and our future “on the shoulder of the giants” (passage from Bernard de Chartres) and of the other tall men that have kept thinking about what the giants saw and sad. We need a “new” focus, we need a wider one, a multiple stakeholder one...without forgetting we need more, wise stakeholder and wise stockholders. TABLES OF CONTENTS: * Executive summary…………………………………………………………………..2 * Table of contents……………………………………………………………………..3...

Words: 2474 - Pages: 10

Free Essay

Is Aanteken

...International Security Lecture 1 March 30th, 2015 The politics of security knowledge What is international security? We could start thinking about the security council of the UN But also about the invasion of Afghanistan (chapter 7 UN in order to secure the international security) We can also think about security in terms of the invasion of Iraq in 2003. This was a unilateral act of war, but sure it can also mean other things We can think of the national security agency, the agency in charge of spying all the signals and communications to a certain extent. What’s interesting about the NSA, it is seen as a threat to the security of the privacy. Lately, with the reports of the UN development programme, we start talking about HUMAN security (not military security, but rather the security of individuals, having a livelihood that’s acceptable). Whether security is international or not, it can be a rather confusing word The protection of values we hold dear. We search for it, we pursue it, we achieve it, we deny it to others. * what is to be secured? Is it the security of states? Or individuals? * What is the actual threat that we’re facing? Primarily to be dealing with military threats, or are there other types of threats we are facing. Essentially contested concept A concept that ‘inevitably’ involves endless disputes about their proper uses on the part of their users – Walter Gallie There can be ambiguity (one persons freedom-fighter is the other’s...

Words: 16869 - Pages: 68

Free Essay

Economic Interdependence

...phenomena. As such global actors, political leaders, political scientists and academia as whole attempts to formulate theories as to explain and makes sense of those events that affect the global community. Those theories also serve the purpose of predicting the outcome of certain actions but more importantly; theories, in the case of international relation serves as a guideline from which political leaders and international actors conduct and formulate their global political agenda. Based on the first great debate of international relations opposing the liberalism to realism, this paper will attempt to argue that democracy is not a guarantee of peace but instead it is the economic interdependence present between states; based on the realist premise that global politics is about competition for power among self-seeking states that seek to maximize their national interests. Arguments will be presented in order to support the stated thesis by consistently outlining the relationship between economic/trade interdependence and political conflict. It is clear that one of the challenges that will arise in the attempt to support the thesis will be how the key concepts are defined and understood as such this paper will provide clear concise definitions of those concepts and ideas. But mostly, those definitions will be the basis upon which the topic of ‘democratic peace’ will be approached. On the surface ideas and enquiries on interdependence and conflict may be recursive in the sense...

Words: 1703 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Erik Gartzke The Capitalist Peace Summary

...Erik Gartzke in “The Capitalist Peace” creates a model in order to see if democracy itself leads to peace or if there is other factors correlated to democracy but are actually responsible for the previously found trend. After his analysis, he found that capitalism, not democracy, is the driving force to lower conflicts between democracies. One point of his points is that new global capital markets provide states outlets for communication and peace negotiations not present before. States have other He then claims that transitioning to a democratic state actually increases tension that could lead to conflicts. While making these conclusions, he admits that his model could potentially be used to support the previous conclusions that democracy is the reason behind peace. His solution to this potential problem is to gather more data; additional information would be able to support or tear down his analysis and model. The last part caught my eye while I was reading this paper. He is open to the possibility of being wrong and says that finding information that would, something not extremely common in research papers....

Words: 451 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Arab Spring

...would peace among states (Coetzee 2013: 310). The Arab Spring served as a confirmation that the world would eventually get to a point where it was liberal democratic and that if the Arab world was to be liberated, there would be tranquillity. Even though the aims of the Arab Spring were intended for good, it did not achieve positive results. It actually created more problems and threatened the security and stability of the Arab countries. The theoretical perspective that the author used is a structural realist one. He drew on the theory of Kenneth Waltz and argued that the future of international politics is going to be filled with complications and difficulties. The theory of structural realism argues that the highest goal of states is to attain power (Jackson & Sorensen 2013: 81). Even though this is so, the states are guided by the principle of anarchy and are restricted by the structure of the system since it is the one that determines how states behave. The power of states such as Russia and China is increasing which threatens to move the balance of power from unipolar to multipolar which will be dangerous because the rise in numbers of great powers is likely to cause problems in the future since each state seeks its own interest (Coetzee 2013: 310). [ 263 Words] QUESTION 2 There are two dominant sub themes in the article. The first one is liberal optimism and the second one is the future of world politics. Liberal optimism comes from the “democratic-peace theory” and...

Words: 2468 - Pages: 10

Premium Essay

Liberalism And Democracy

...Liberal Internationalism: Peace, War and Democracy, 1997). Therefore, there are barely any disputes between first world countries which embrace democracy and liberalism as the main doctrine of their governance. This essay argues about the impact of democracy towards peace and how comes peace is embraced successfully among the representatives of democracy. Following paragraphs briefly explain liberalism’s role in today’s world and society, how liberalism reflects in business, what...

Words: 751 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Introduction to Neoliberalism

...Introduction to Neoliberalism/Neoliberal Institutionalism The theory/theoretical framework that is used to examine cooperation between nation-states, which emphasizes the possibility of mutual gains Related terminology 1. Absolute gain: a theoretical option open to political actors based on the belief that decisions will benefit all organisations within a state and/or all member states within an intergovernmental organisation (IGO) Includes all aspects of cooperative behaviour between states; especially power ratios, economic activity and socio-cultural effects 2. Relative gain: a theoretical option open to political actors based on the belief that decisions are only intended to balance power relations between states or increase the power of one state over its rivals Generally disregards economic and socio-cultural considerations, and only allows limited cooperation between states (especially in relations where information about other states’ interests and inclinations is limited) 3. Zero-sum: a relational state wherein a participant's gain or loss is exactly balanced by the losses or gains of the other participants (assuming that total gains of the participants are added, and the total losses are subtracted, the numerical result will sum to zero) Particularly useful in competitive relations, and explains economic behaviour such as opportunity cost and absolute advantage Non-zero sum: a relational state wherein all participants act based upon their respective efficient capabilities...

Words: 1530 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Ideational Liberalism

...Rather than assuming that market structure always creates incentives for cooperation among social actors as well as states, or focusing exclusively on those issue areas where it does, as do some liberal ideologies, liberal IR theory focuses on market structure as variable explaining both openness and closure. The resulting commercial liberal explanation of relative gains seeking in foreign economic policy is quite distinct from that of Realism, which emphasizes security externalities and relative (hegemonic) power, or that of Institutionalism, which stresses informational and institutional constraints on interstate collective action. One source of pressure for protection lies in uncompetitive, monopolistic or undiversified sectors or factors that lose the most from liberalization and have an incentive to oppose it. Commercial liberalism has important implications for security affairs as well. Trade is generally a less costly means of accumulating wealth than war, sanctions...

Words: 1691 - Pages: 7

Free Essay

Security Dilemma Three Theories

...security dilemma is when one state’s security becomes another state’s insecurity. Vague signals  along with lack of communication can cause uncertainty, which can result in unwanted fighting.  The big question is whether or not we can resolve the never ending security dilemma spiral  through globalization and international institutions. Is it possible to learn from past mistakes and  learn from new perspectives in order to obtain peace, I believe so. This essay will provide  explanations from all of the International Relations theories, and will furthermore discuss how  global order can be achieved through careful cooperation between states.     To begin with liberalism is optimistic about cooperation, and believes that decision  makers are rational and human nature is good. Liberalism focuses on three main concepts:  international institutions, democratic peace, and economic interdependence. Liberalists view war  as avoidable if government is reduced and if more international institutions are created. They  hold international institutions with a lot of merit. Firstly, they consider international institutions  to create peace because the institutions reduce transaction costs, make state commitments more  credible, enable states to discuss issues multiple times, and encourage countries to join in  multilateral collective security mechanisms ( Textbook p. 117­118).  International...

Words: 1153 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Difference Between Realism And Realism

...Jager (2015) defines idealism as a theory that states that our reality is shaped by our thoughts and ideas. Realism on the other hand deals with the fact that reality has an absolute existence independent from our thoughts, ideas and even consciousness. This essay intends to contrast idealism and realism that is outlining the differences between the two theories. The first part is the comparison of the two theories, the second part discusses the differences between the theories with examples to elaborate. In conclusion the essay purpose that the reader is able to differentiate with a clear understanding of the two theories in the context of international relations. Idealism, according to (Heywood, 2014) dealing with how we view things whether in an ideal or perfect manner and Realism dealing with treating with things in a practical way and viewing some situations pragmatically and makes idealism focus on “what could be done” and realism focusing on “what actually is”. Generally idealists are under the impression that human nature is good and with regards to international relations the cycle will initially attain peace, whereas realists sorely believe that the cycle of international relations will not change, it will always be anarchic...

Words: 927 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Cole War And Constructivism Analysis

...After much deliberation, our group came to the conclusion that while all three theories serve to explain the case of the Cole War, Liberalism and Constructivism are a better fit, with Liberalism coming out on top as the best theory to explain the Cold War. We looked at the of the key assumptions and core arguments of each theory in order to rationalize which theory best fit the case. Realism Realism explains how the US and North Korea were self-interested, but does not explain why the US and the USSR would choose to cooperate. While Realism accounts for the US and USSR as key actors during the Cold War, the theory does not recognize the large role of international organizations, such as the UN, NATO or Warsaw Pact. Realism provides reason...

Words: 855 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Business Leader Research Paper

...and values. In fact, a lot of political leaders seem to severely be deficient in numerous of the majority necessary leadership qualities. This assay will be analyzing on one of African president ever recognized as dedicated leader; who dedicated his entire life fighting for freedom of his nation. Mandela was born in Transkei in a small rural community in the easterner cape of South Africa. On 18 July 1918 and named Nelson by one of his teachers, Mandela led the struggle to reinstate the apartheid rule of South Africa against racial discrimination. As well-known as a democratic leader he was incarcerated for 27 years. Has been awarded the Nobel peace prize in 1993 and 1994 Nelson Mandela been voted as South Africa first black president. The assay will seem at his behavior, characteristics as leader, and the style of his leadership at last relate his leadership with particular theory of leadership that is transformational leadership model. Leadership is a function of personal and professional qualities (retrospection), the conception of a vision, structure and satisfying a sense of collective purpose, and make sure carrying out, with strategy and culture as two situational or contextual factors. Mr. Nelson Mandela Charismatic personality he’s...

Words: 1288 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Obama Marxist Perspectives

...to win-win benefits, not only for the international peace but for the growth of the economy. The United State has changed their focus from being a hard power to being a more economic soft power. “A growing economy […] can provide opportunity for everybody […]” (Obama, 2014), and trading internationally develops trust which can limit the happenings of war when mutual interests are obtained. For example, in the case of the Iranian nuclear programs, the United States worked through multilateral channels in a coalition to impose sanctions on their economy instead of using military forces (Obama, 2014). This indicates Mr. Obama’s awareness that working with other countries helps solve issues peacefully, and consider that acting as a soft power is more effective. Moreover, liberals will like the fact that the United States respects the rules of law and working with international institutions. “[I]n the 21st century, America isolationism is not an option. [Mr. Obama says he will] make sure America is out front putting together a global framework to preserve our planet” (Obama, 2014). After World War II, the affinity that the United States has had with the international institutions has conserved peace in the world system. For example, NATO, United Nations, World Bank, and I.M.F., although they are not perfect (Obama, 2014). Have risen the steadiness...

Words: 1980 - Pages: 8