Free Essay

Demographic

In:

Submitted By smokey501
Words 1576
Pages 7
7

Demographic Paper
The Impact of the Aging Population
Your Name
HCS/490
Axia College of University of Phoenix

7

The aging population continues to grown as the baby boomers reach retirement age and this affects the healthcare industry tremendously. The need for specialists, more testing, medications, and skilled healthcare is rising along with this population. This causes the cost of healthcare to increase as well as the demand on healthcare workers. This summary will discuss how the aging population affects the area in which I live including: healthcare related challenges, the impact on the healthcare market, marketing needs and services needed by this population, and how these challenges can be addressed. Healthcare in Ohio is being impacted by the aging population. According to Strunk, Ginsburg & Banker (2006), “ As a result of the baby-boom generation—the leading edge of which is now turning age sixty—the proportion of the U.S population older than age sixty-five is projected to grow from 12.4 percent in 2005 to 14.5 percent in 2015 and 18.2 percent in 2025. Although the aging of the baby-boom generation is a key factor in the aging of the population as a whole, increasing life expectancy is also important” (para. 2). To be more specific the aging population in Ohio is expected to go from 13 percent to 20 percent over the next thirty years (ohio.gov, 2010). The increased amount of people that are age 65 and older will lead to increased healthcare costs. A person's life expectancy is longer and that also increases the incidents of chronic diseases, disability, and the need for long-term healthcare. There will be an increased need for doctors, nurses, and healthcare workers, especially those that specialize in various chronic diseases. Inpatient care as well as outpatient services for medical procedures and testing will be necessary to meet the increasing population. Pharmacies' will have changing roles in patient care as new medications become available to treat these chronic diseases. Changes in home care, long-term care, and community resources will have to increase because of the demand of care for the elderly (Carbine, 2008). Long-term care in Ohio has put a heavy strain on the states budget. According to Mehdizadeh & Applebaum (2003), “In 2001 Ohio's Medicaid program spent $2.8 billion on long-term care services for the aged and $2.3 billion of 7 it accounted for nursing home expenditures” (para. 2). These amounts will continue to rise as the amount of elderly people in Ohio continues to rise. One key healthcare related challenge will be the shortage in healthcare providers to take care of the aging population. According to the Ohio Nurses Association (2010), “The average age for a Ohio nurse is 47 and 40% of them will retire by the 2014. By the year 2020, the demand for full time registered nurses will exceed the supply by 29%” (para. 2). This means that the amount of full time nurses working in Ohio will decrease as the amount of people that require healthcare increases. This will affect the quality of healthcare that the patients receive. The nurse to patient ratio will increase which leads to poorer patient outcomes. Healthcare facilities will be forced to cut back on healthcare services due staffing shortages and this will decrease the quality of care that Ohioan's receive (Ohio Nurses Association, 2010). Another factor is the instructors needed to train the professionals that will replace the aging healthcare workers. Faculty shortages severely limit the amount of people that are accepted into healthcare programs. Some schools in Ohio report turning away up to 800 applicants to the licensed practical nursing program and as many as 500 applicants from the registered nursing program (Ohio Nurses Association, 2010). The cost for prescription drugs continues to rise with the amount of people afflicted with chronic diseases. Prescription medications are used to delay and treat chronic illnesses, alleviate pain and improve quality of life. As the population ages the demand for these medications will greatly increase. Many people have little or no prescription drug coverage so the amount of money spent out- of-pocket will dramatically increase. In the state of Ohio pharmaceuticals account for 60-90% of out-of -pocket household spending on health (WHPA.org, 2010). Some of the elderly that are on a fixed income have to choose between paying for medications and buying food for their home. Many physicians are prescribing generic medications in order to make them more affordable. Locally there are several pharmacies that are offering generic medications at a discounted rate; four dollars for a 30- 7 day supply and just ten dollars for a 90 day supply. Wellness programs help lower the cost of healthcare for the aging population by helping people develop healthy behaviors. Lifestyle choices that people make now will affect their health in the future. For example if a person smokes cigarettes when he or she is in his or her thirties they will increase their chances of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or lung cancer as they get older. Wellness programs are designed to take more preventative measures rather then treatment measures. Many chronic illnesses that affect the elderly population are triggered by lifestyle choices people make at an earlier age. Factors such as obesity and substance abuse can increase the chances a person has of developing debilitating chronic illnesses as an elderly individual. Wellness programs are meant to help people make better decisions and prevent people from acquiring these illnesses later in life. Based on the fact that Ohio's population is becoming older it is obvious that the services available should meet the needs of these people. Marketing should be geared towards long-term care and assisted living facilities that can help these people while allowing them to maintain independence. As people age they are going to need more specialized care as they become afflicted with chronic illnesses such as high blood pressure and arthritis. Services should offer specialized care to help prevent these illnesses with programs that are inclined to educate people to make healthy lifestyle decisions. Ohio has taken many different steps to help meet the challenges that the aging population imposes. The Ohio Council of Aging has many programs available to help older people as well as their caregivers and family members. The programs and services allow them to have access to unbiased information, assistance, consultation, and long-term care options (COA, 2009). Some of the programs offered are: long-term care planning, meals in the home, healthcare in the home, and transportation assistance. One place called Senior Independence is a licensed adult daycare center. The mission 7 statement of Senior Independence (2008) states, “Our mission is to provide older adults with caring and quality services towards the enhancement of physical, mental, and spiritual well-being consistent with the Christian Gospel” (para. 1). Facilities like Senior Independence can help an elderly person's health be at an optimal level so the person can be independent while managing all aspects of their health. These places also help educate the elderly to be in charge of the well-being. Preventative health is also a goal of most programs that are offered in the community. Preventative health does not stop just because a persona is over the age of 65. The elderly population has made an impact on society and its population increase will create challenges that include raising cost of prescription drugs, increasing amount of healthcare worker shortages, and increased overall healthcare cost. However; it is the responsibility of society to accept these challenges and work towards meeting them and resolving any issues that arise. Each person deserves to live his or her life with happiness, healthiness, and dignity....no matter what their age.

7
References
Binstock, R. (1993). Healthcare costs around the world: Is aging a fiscal `black hole'?. Generations, 17(4), 37. Retrieved from MasterFILE Premier database

Bustacchini, S., Bustacchini, S., Corsonello, A., Onder, G., Guffanti, E., Marchegiani, F., Abbatecola, A., et al. (2009). Pharmacoeconomics and aging. Drugs & Aging, 26 Suppl 175-87. doi:10.2165/11534680-000000000-00000.

Carbine, M. (2008). The Aging of America. Implications for the Business of Healthcare. Retrieved August 30, 2010, from http://www.aishealth.com/Products/age.html

COA. (2009). Council on Aging of Southwestern Ohio. Services for Seniors. Retrieved September 6, 2010, from http://www.help4seniors.org/page.asp?ref=23

Mehdizadeh, S. & Applebaum, R. (2003). A 10 Year Retrospective Look at Ohio's Long Term Care System. Retrieved August 30, 2010 from http://sc.lib.muohio.edu/bitstream/handle/2374.MIA/101/fulltext.pdf?sequence=1

Ohio.gov (2010). Ohio's Population. Retrieved August, 30, 2010, from http://www.development.ohio.gov/research/files/p0006.pdf

Ohio Nurses Association. (2010). Nursing Education and Nursing Shortage. Retrieved September 6, 2010, from http://www.ohnurses.org/AM/Template.cfm? 7
References
Robert N., B. (n.d). Population aging and health. British Medical Journal, 315(7115), 1082. Retrieved from Gale: Academic OneFile (PowerSearch) database

Senior Independence. (2009). A Division of Ohio Presbyterian Retirement Services. Retrieved September 6, 2010, from http://seniorindependence.org/about.asp

Strunk, B., Ginsburg, P. & Banker, M., (2006). The Affect of Population Aging on Future Hospital Demand. Retrieved August 30, 2010, from http://content.healthaffairs.org/cgi/content/full/25/3/w141

WHPA.org. (2010). World Health Professionals Alliance. Medication Use and the Ageing Population. Retrieved September 6, 2010, from http://www.whpa.org/factptsafetymedsage.htm

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Demographics Paper

...Demographic Paper Your name Course # Date Instructor Name The aging population and the Baby Boomers are becoming a dominant demographic in the United States. The Baby Boomer generation is the biggest generation in American history. There are approximately 75 million people in America. The average life span and the age of retirement has increased, the need for medications for a longer period , and chronic illnesses are examples of how the aging population and the Baby Boomer generation will contribute to changes in the health care field. “Future and current demographics play an important role in determining the supply and demand of health care workers” (HRS, p. 3). Projected demographics that will affect health care include the increased life span of the aging population, and geographic location of the population. The rise in the population percentage of the elderly over the next decade will cause a n increase in the demand for more health care workers, and medications. Concerns that the demands for health care professionals will not be met because of the financial stress placed on Medicaid, Medicare, private insurance companies, and the patients out of pocket expenses. Many physicians are in the same demographic as the aging population. These physicians may retire around the same time. The healthcare for the elderly population will increase will less physicians to care for them. Positive changes to the health...

Words: 1241 - Pages: 5

Free Essay

Aging Demographics

...Aging Demographics for Alaska HCA 490 University of Phoenix Aging Demographics for Alaska Established in 1959, Alaska became the 49th and largest state in America. Throughout the past 53 years, Alaska has developed ever changing demographics in regards to the population of age, health, race, gender, education, and employment. From top employers in Alaska such as Providence Health and Services all the way to the male female ratio, the aging generation is integrated in all demographics and is the one demographic that is not limited to other demographics. The aging population affects all races, genders, health, education, and employment. Aging Demographic Demographics are the result of statistics from data retrieved over a certain population that provide information on age, gender, race, education, employment, and income. The demographic range stretches from the categories of global, national, state, county, city, to town jurisdiction. The aging demographic in Alaska is categorized as state. Demographics can stay the same for decades and can change very rapidly. With this constant there are a number of concerns that arise along with this change. There is a large concern regarding the prices in health care based on the nation’s economy and the imminent change of national demographics. The state demographics within Alaska are impacted by this through the costs of health care and now more so than ever with the change of local demographics of aging...

Words: 1370 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Demographic Paper

...Demographic Paper HCS /490 Demographic Paper This paper will expound upon the demographics of the aging population, data that is gathered of the said population and describe the general impact that the changing demographics may have on the health care market. Why and how will the changes in the aging population affect healthcare. In addition, identify two key health care related challenges for the aging population such as increase in health care costs, increases in prescription drugs costs, or the need for in home medical care. How a chronic disease wellness program may affect the cost of the aging population. What can the demographics tell you about the marketing needs of services needed for the aging population, finally how can a patient; the community and society as a whole address the challenges of the aging population. After gathering data about the aging population, it is understandable that it is similar to the statistics of the human population such as birth, deaths, infant mortality, and life expectancy rates. According to Kotler, Shalowitz, & Stevens (2008), people seek health care services for a number of reasons, such as illnesses, accidents, preventions and incurring injuries in one form or another. In addition, most people seek health care services because of the influence of merchants, mainly pharmaceutical companies that encourage patients to seek care for a diversity of known diseases and symptoms. This encouragement may come from public service announcements...

Words: 1172 - Pages: 5

Free Essay

Demographic Paper

...Aging population in Charlotte County Abstract The word demographic means the amount as well as the characteristics of people that live in a specific area or region. These characteristics can range from a person’s health, ethnicity, religious beliefs, density, level of education, and economic status (Cambridge Dictionaries Online, 2011). Demographics can also include a person’s age, gender, disabilities, status of employment, and location (Cambridge Dictionaries Online, 2011). These are all the types of human characteristics that are acknowledged and used by marketing, research, and the government in demographic data. Over the years the demographics have started to change dramatically. One of the more challenging demographics that have been dramatically changing is the aging population particularly in the southwest section of Charlotte County. I will be discussing many topics regarding this group, like the impact that this demographic group has on the health care market, specific challenges, what type of needs and services the aging population requires, and a few other topics will be reviewed. The Aging Population The aging population is increasingly growing in the United States each year. This is because there has been a decrease in fertility. A person’s life span has also changed; a person is expected to live approximately 20 more years than before the second half of the 20th century. This was mostly caused by the days of the “Baby Boom”. This has caused an increase of...

Words: 1354 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Demographic Paper

...Week 3 Demographic Paper Synthia Simmons October 14, 2013 The Aging Population Demographic means the branch of sociology that studies the characteristics of human population. Demographic factors consist of age, sex, education level, income level and other things. The topic I would like to discuss is about the aging population and how it affects the challenges which are related to health care. Dramatic changes are taking place in this demographic structure of the United States. By the year 2030, twenty-two (22) percent of the population will be over the age of sixty-five (65). The aging of the population presents social challenges to support the needs of older people. These social challenges help the aging to live healthier, to be independent and to lead a productive life. There are older adults that are much more healthier plus they are more educated plus they are pursuing active lives. Whenever the older adults develop a disability or chronic illness, the older adults are unable to perform one or more self-care tasks. Whenever it comes to the health care relation of aging population, information technologies can improve the lives of older adults in certain areas. These areas include e-health, medication, health care deliveries, home safety and assist devices. The aging pulation comes with many challenges such as social, financial, economic and political. Managing health...

Words: 1143 - Pages: 5

Free Essay

Demographic Paper

...Demographic Paper HCS/490 February 17, 2014 Professor David Dye, MPA Introduction The world is facing a situation without precedent: We soon will have more older people than children and more people at extreme old age than ever before. As both the proportion of older people and the length of life increase throughout the world, key questions arise. Will population aging be accompanied by a longer period of good health, a sustained sense of well-being, and extended periods of social engagement and productivity, or will it be associated with more illness, disability, and dependency? How will aging affect health care and social costs? Are these futures inevitable, or can we act to establish a physical and social infrastructure that might foster better health and wellbeing in older age? By 2050, the U.S. Census predicts that 19.6 million American workers will be 65 years or older, roughly 19 percent of the total U.S. workforce. In fact, the number of individuals in the labor force who are 65 years or older is expected to grow by 75 percent while the number of individuals in the workforce who are 25 to 54 is only expected to grow by 2 percent. By 2016, one-third of the total U.S. workforce will be 50 years or older — a group that may number 115 million by 2020 (Heidkamp, Mabe, & DeGraaf, 2012). The Baby Boomers make up a significant portion of the U.S. population, and, as the Boomers age, the percentage of Americans over 65, those that utilize the bulk of health care...

Words: 1787 - Pages: 8

Free Essay

Market Demographics

...Market Demographics According to Packaged Facts (as cited in MarketResearch.com, 2010), just about 20% of American consumers seek gourmet products while 30% of consumers will pay more for gourmet food products. In 2005, there were 38.8 million consumers in the U.S. who identified themselves as gourmet eaters (PackagedFoods.com). The market demographics of “Real Fast Fresh Delish” presents a market that possesses a credulous niche because there is no direct competitors in the immediate region (Northwest Indiana-Chicagoland). Primary and secondary research resources were utilized for market selection for the business that included consumer surveys and internet analysis. Income, age, geography, education and societal awareness and beliefs were the demographics used in selecting the target market in addition to psychographics that provided additional assistance that reflected on the lifestyles that provides the best depiction of the market. Who Will We Market To? The primary’s demographic profile includes consumers ages 35 - 55 years, women, metro-sexual and gay men, with a minimum salary $40,000. This market is likely to be comprised of married women (single men) and Baby Boomers who are now empty nesters that possess expendable income. These consumers are likely college graduates that seek unique, exquisite and discriminate items for themselves. A secondary market targets 25 – 34 year olds, recent college graduates (more than half hold a Masters degree) who are busy launching...

Words: 461 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Demographics in Health Care

...Demographics The Aging Population Michele R. Morris HCS/490 July 17, 2011 Jennifer Pharr The Aging Population The aging population does not seem like anything other than people just receiving older. Referred to as the Baby Boomers this demographic of people are those ages 65 and older. People may think the demographics of our population have no affect on health care or our economy. This paper will include the information that proves our countries demographics do impact health care and the economy. For example, information was gathered about the target area, the aging population, and the general impact that demographic group has on the health care market. This information will also include how the aging population will increase the nation’s health care costs and prescription drug costs. This paper will include information about how a chronic disease wellness program may affect the cost for the aging population and how these issues can be addressed. Statistics Because of this proposed “baby boom” generation rapidly increasing, there has been an increased health care cost. The health care cost per person for people over age 65 is three to five times greater than that of people under the age of 65 (United states census bureau, 2003). This increased cost along with other factors such as long-term care and advancements in technology could increase health care cost even higher. More than 50 million of these Baby Boomers are sparking a demand for...

Words: 1958 - Pages: 8

Free Essay

Demographic Change to Businesses

...Future demographic change in the UK will include growth in the overall population and further increase in the population aged over 55. To what extent does demographic change in the UK represent more of an opportunity than a threat to UK businesses? Justify your answer with reference to organisations and / or industries that you know. (40 marks) Demographic change can be defined as understanding how the population changes by investigating such demographic components e.g. gender, age, ethnicity, home ownership, mobility, disabilities, language knowledge, employment status and location. These elements and how they change constitute vital information about the population of a given location and its culture. The UK economy is constantly changing for various reasons such as improvement in medicine and increased globalisation leading to people living longer and the UK economy becoming more diverse culturally. Whether or not it provides an opportunity or a threat to a business will largely depend upon how the management of the business decides to attempt to change because of the change of the demographics. The largest change to the UK demographics would be the overall increase in the average age of the country, because of the innovation in medicine keeping people alive for longer and people not getting sick for long. This could provide many opportunities for a firm in the UK, either in sales or the management of the firm. A firm could change the demographics of its target audience to...

Words: 1830 - Pages: 8

Free Essay

Demographic Dividend of India

...Demographic Dividend Opportunity or Threat In 1798, in his An Essay on the Principle of Population, Reverend Thomas Malthus posited that the human population growing at an exponential rate shall someday surpass the level sustainable by the arithmetically growing rate of food production. This statement, which forms the crux of Malthusianism, argued for greater birth control measures to keep population in check. The 19th century, though not without its problems of population related urbanization, didn’t see Malthus’ premonition come to fruition and his argument seemed to have been laid to rest, albeit for half a century when in the wake of unshackling of slavery’s yoke by very many nations in the post war world, it was resurrected by the aptly named neo-Malthusians, including the likes of Paul Ehlrich (the Population Bomb) and the Paddock Brothers (Famine 1975! America's Decision: Who Will Survive?) Influenced by Soviet ideas, India was the first country to have an official population control policy in 1951. While the numbers would say that the policy hasn’t been successful, India has a population of 1.25 billion, the country has, by serendipity or by plan, reached a stage where the potential of its large population and the structure of it has become an important weapon in the country’s growing economic arsenal. The Demographic dividend, as this weapon is popularly called, depends on the make-up of the population, particularly on the dependency ratio, which is...

Words: 2125 - Pages: 9

Free Essay

Post Demographic Consumerism

...Trend Analysis - Post Demographic Consumerism | Mala Harish ETU20150222 | Abstract: There is a fundamental shift happening in the consumer behavior which is defying the traditional demographic expectation. People belonging to the same demographic are no longer acting in the same way or wanting the same products. Additionally people belonging to a particular demographic are found to be using products and services that were not primarily targeted at them. Consumers are not a big demographic monolith but are becoming more diverse in their needs and wants. This trend is triggered by the increased access to information, products and services, availability of wide variety of products and services and changing socio cultural norms that encourage people to experiment with products and ideas. Appreciating this trend and looking beyond demographics into the behavior and interests of consumers would help marketers to tap into new opportunities and otherwise ignored consumer segments. | [Pick the date] [Pick the date] ------------------------------------------------- Trend Analysis – Post Demographic Consumerism Introduction “Post Demographic Consumerism” is identified as one of the consumer behavior trends for 2015 by the research agency Trend Watching. This paper attempts to study the trend with respect to the market changes in India, which is one of the biggest emerging...

Words: 2871 - Pages: 12

Free Essay

Demographics in Hudson Oaks

...Demographic Trends in Hudson Oaks Steve Malley - Week One Anna Maria College Management Policies in Government Finance MPA504 Everett Pierce January 13, 2013 Demographic Trends in Hudson Oaks Hudson Oaks is a small suburban city in Parker County, Texas. It is located 23 miles west of Fort Worth and according to the 2011 Census is home to 1677 residents. “The City of Hudson Oaks was incorporated in 1978 by a group of citizens who shared a desire to come together in creating a community that could create its own destiny rather than having it shaped by the taxing entities in the surrounding area” (Deen, n.d., para. 2). Since that time the City of Hudson Oaks has become a vibrant leader in the development of eastern Parker County. With a city limits containing 8.29 square miles Hudson Oaks is not considered a large community by anyone. It is however a very progressive and well planned community. “The City of Hudson Oaks and its elected and appointed officials deeply value long-range planning. This is why the City has taken a leadership role in initiatives to seek regional solutions to challenges shared by all cities in eastern Parker County” (Deen, n.d., para. 5). This has allowed the city to manage is commercial and residential growth in a way that benefits its residents as well as its business owners. Single family housing in Hudson Oaks is still the primary mode of housing. There are no apartments in the City of Hudson Oaks with no plans of building any currently...

Words: 820 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Evaluating Audiences Demographics

...Rasneek Walia Management X109 Assignment 1 – Module 1 & 2 04/24/16 1. When evaluating audience, which demographic factors should be considered, and why? Does the type of message influence the evaluation of the audience? When evaluating an audience, one must profile the audience and their perspective. It is important to spend some time to think about your audience to identify the appropriate tone, language, and channel for your message. Tailor your message for your primary audience by asking the following question: * Who is my primary reader or listener? * What are my personal and professional relationships with that person? * What position does that person hold in the organization? * How much does that person know about the subject? * What do I know about that person’s education, beliefs, culture and attitudes? * Should I expect a neutral, positive, or negative response to my message? In addition, one must anticipate if a secondary audience may read this message. If there is a secondary audience, the following must be considered: * Who might see or read this message in addition to the primary audience? * How do these people differ from the primary audience? * Do I need to include more background information? * How must I reshape my message to make it understandable and acceptable to others whom it might be forwarded? Some other factors are very important factors to take into account when evaluating your audience...

Words: 565 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Changing Demographics in the U.S. Workforce

...Kaplan University HR400: Employment and Staffing Unit 1 Changing demographics in the U.S. workforce February 5, 2013 Changing demographics in the U.S. workforce According to United States Department of Labor, over the next decade there will be some important changes to the demographic trends within the workforce. It is predicted that the labor force will continue to diversify because immigration accounts for most of the population growth. It is predicted that by 2020 non-Hispanic workers will make up only 68 percent of the workforce (Lerman & Schmidt, page 4). One issued Human Resource management will face as the labor force diversifies is finding talented, educated employees. This is because the education levels within the Hispanic community are below high school level. As of 1997 only fifty-five percent of the Hispanic population over the age of 25 had completed high school (Lerman & Schmidt, page 4). Because Hispanics have a growing presence in the job market, their lack of education will lower the educational base of the labor force. Thus the human resource departments will have to change their strategy on finding the skill needed to perform the jobs they need to fill. Another issue that Human Resource departments need to be aware of is the rise of women in the work place. Whereas this is a good thing, organizations need to consider that the rise of women in the work force will bring other issues. The likely hood that the women will have young children...

Words: 571 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

China and India Demographic Paths

...Research Brief N AT I O N A L D E F E N S E R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U TE China and India The Asian Giants Are Heading Down Different Demographic Paths RAND ReseARch AReAs ChiLDREN AND FAMiLiES EDUCAtiON AND thE ARtS ENERgy AND ENviRONMENt hEALth AND hEALth CARE iNFRAStRUCtURE AND tRANSPORtAtiON iNtERNAtiONAL AFFAiRS LAW AND BUSiNESS NAtiONAL SECURity POPULAtiON AND AgiNg PUBLiC SAFEty SCiENCE AND tEChNOLOgy tERRORiSM AND hOMELAND SECURity C hina and India, the world’s most populous nations, have much in common: Each has more than 1 billion residents; each has sustained an annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate over the past decade that is among the world’s highest—9 percent for China and 7 percent for India; and each has been among the world’s most successful in weathering the storm of the recent global recession. Yet a closer look reveals stark demographic contrasts between the two nations that will become more pronounced in the coming decades. These differences hold implications for China’s and India’s relative economic prospects and point to sharply different challenges ahead for each nation to sustain and build on recent economic growth. Abstract Demographic contrasts between china and  India will become more pronounced in the  coming decades, and these differences hold  implications for the countries’ relative economic  prospects. china’s population is larger than  India’s, but India’s population is expected  to surpass china’s by 2025. chi...

Words: 2440 - Pages: 10