Demography
Births page 47
The number of birthdays affects population sizes. Sociologist uses the birth rate to measure births.
The birth rate is… the number of live births per 100 of the population per year.
In 1900 the birth rate was 28.7
In 2007 the birth rate was 10.7
This shows there has been a flucation in birth. Was high in 1900’s as after the war people had babies.
A baby boom is… when a lot of babies are born in the same short space of time.
The total fertility rate
Factors determining the birth rate are… the proportion of women who ar child bearing, and how many children they can have.
Total fertility rate is…
The UK’s TFR in 2001 was… 1.63
2006… 1.84
1964… 2.95
These changes in fertility and birth rates reflect that…
More women are remaining childless than in the past, and women are waiting longer to have children.
Reasons for decline in the birth rate are..
Abortion | better nutrition | better medicine | improved housing | divorce | women do what they want | jobs | better knowledge of hygiene.
Future trends in birth rates – page 48
Birth rates – fertility rates – family sizes are… falling.
There has been a slight increase in births since 2001, because immigration.
The projection for the period up to 2041 expects… annual number of births to be fairy constants, around 700-720,000 per a year.
Effects in changes in fertility – page 49
Changes in the number of babies being born effect several aspects of society like.. family, the dependency ratio, public serives.
The effect on the family is…smaller familes mean that women are more likely to be free and go to work.
The dependency ratio is… the relationship between the sizes of the working or productive part of the population.
The effect on the dependency ratio is… falling of number of children being born.
The effect of public services and policies is… lower