...Dengue (pronounced DENgee) fever is a painful, debilitating mosquito-borne disease caused by any one of four closely related dengue viruses. These viruses are related to the viruses that cause West Nile infection andyellow fever.An estimated 390 dengue infections occur worldwide each year, with about 96 million resulting in illness. Most cases occur in tropical areas of the world, with the greatest risk occurring in:*.The Indian subcontinent*.Southeast Asia*.Southern China*.Taiwan*.The Pacific Islands*.The Caribbean (except Cuba and the Cayman Islands)*.Mexico*.Africa*.Central and South America (except Chile, Paraguay, and Argentina)Most cases in the United States occur in people who contracted the infection while traveling abroad. But the risk is increasing for people living along the Texas-Mexico border and in other parts of the southern United States. In 2009, an outbreak of dengue fever was identified in Key West, Fla.Dengue fever is transmitted by the bite of an Aedes mosquito infected with a dengue virus. The mosquito becomes infected when it bites a person with dengue virus in theirblood. It can’t be spread directly fromone person to another person.Symptoms of Dengue FeverSymptoms, which usually begin four to six days after infection and last for up to 10 days, may include*.Sudden,high fever*.Severeheadaches*.Pain behind theeyes*.Severe joint andmuscle pain*.Fatigue*.Nausea*.Vomiting*.Skin rash, which appears two to five daysafter the onset of fever*.Mild bleeding (such...
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...Mosquito-Borne Viral Infection, ‘Dengue.' Name Institution Tutor Course Introduction Dengue fever is considered as the fastest emerging viral infection which is spread by the female mosquito “Aedes aegypti.” ( Fever,2011). The disease has caused major health effects in many tropical and sub-tropical countries in Asia, Western Pacific and Central and South America ( Fever,2011).The disease causes flu-like illness which develops into serious complication which is called dengue haemorrhagic ( DHF). The disease has grown drastically over the decades, and it has affected approximately 2.7 billion people globally. Most of the population affected about 75% is that from Asia and Pacific region. With the changing disease epidemiology, the outbreaks of the disease are increasing as the disease is spreading to new areas. The disease mostly affects children under five years of age. Approximately 50-60 million cases of dengue fever occur annually worldwide, and half of the infected population require medical attention every year ( Fever,2011). The disease also causes deaths to about 3 % of the population affected by dengue fever. Dengue fever has no specific treatment, but early detection and proper medical attention will save patients’ lives. The disease is a major epidemic in Africa in the World Health Organizations regions. Prevention and control of this disease will depend on how the vectors will be monitored effectively. Vaccine for the dengue fever has been authorized to areas experiencing...
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...Consciousness and Awareness of the City in the Dengue Cases during the year 2012-2014 EDWIN B. AZUL JR. MARIA ANGELICA C. LOPEZ Bachelor in Applied Statistics 3-1 Polytechnic University of the Philippines PROF. HERO L. TOLOSA Instructor Abstract The purpose of this case study is to develop the knowledge and raise the awareness of the students as well as the readers regarding the Dengue fever. It also aims to classify and define the general health problems and needs of the patient with an admitting diagnosis of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. It will also show the risk factors, manifestations and complications of the disease which will contribute and help in assisting the patient in taking necessary actions to solve and prevent the identified problems of his own. This study evaluates the knowledge and attitude of the students at the Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Sta. Mesa, Manila, regarding Dengue. According to the annual statistical data of the patients admitted given by the San Lazaro Hospital, there has been a decrease in Dengue cases from 6,462 in 2012 to 1,923 in 2014. An investigation of whether or not knowledge of dengue translated to positive attitudes and improved preventative measures was conducted. It can be concluded that overall, a good level of knowledge was present among the respondents that corresponds with attitudes and practices directed at reducing the incidence of Dengue. Introduction Dengue fever can be accumulated by the bite of an Aedes...
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...Review Article 539 Dengue Prophylactic Platelet Transfusion—Changa Kurukularatne et al When Less is More: Can We Abandon Prophylactic Platelet Transfusion in Dengue Fever? Changa Kurukularatne,1,2MD, Frederico Dimatatac,1,2MD, Diana LT Teo,3MBBS, MSc, FRCPath, David C Lye,1,2,4 MBBS, FRACP, FAMS, Yee Sin Leo,1,2,5 M.Med (Int Med), FRCP, FAMS Abstract Dengue fever (DF) has several hematological manifestations including thrombocytopenia and increased bleeding risk. Prophylactic platelet transfusion—in the absence of major bleeding—is utilized in DF with thrombocytopenia with the intention of preventing hemorrhagic complications. However, prophylactic platelet transfusion in DF is neither standardized nor supported by clinical evidence. We conclude that risks, costs and poor resource utilization associated with prophylactic platelet transfusion in DF far outweigh any potential hematological benefit, and as such, should not constitute routine clinical practice. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2011;40:539-45 Key words: Thrombocytopenia, Preventitive, Arbovirus, Bleeding, Hemorrhage Introduction Dengue fever (DF) is the most common mosquito-borne human viral illness worldwide, and has rapidly spread to reach hyper-endemic proportions in the urban tropics over the last quarter of a century.1 With an estimated 2.5 billion people at risk and a global annual incidence of 50 million cases, DF has been identified as an example of a potential international public health emergency.2...
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...Chapter I: The Introduction A. Introduction Dengue is a mosquito-borne infection that has become a major international public health concern. Dengue is found in tropical and sub-tropical regions around the world, predominantly in urban and semi-urban areas. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), a potentially lethal complication, was first recognized in the 1950’s during dengue epidemics in the Philippines and Thailand. DHF affects most Asian countries and has become a leading cause of hospitalization and death among children. There are four distinct, but closely related, viruses that cause dengue. Recovery from infection by one provides lifelong immunity against that virus but confers only partial and transient protection against subsequent infection by the other three viruses. Sequential infection increases the risk of developing DHF.1 1 “Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever,” World Health Organization, March 2009, 15 Oct. 2011 <http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en>. 2 There is no specific medicine or antibiotic to treat DHF. For typical dengue, the immediate concern is the relief of symptoms. Adequate fluid intake for proper body hydration and rest is important. All else will depend on the person’s immune system. However, since the Philippines is abundant with herbal medicines, the Tawa Tawa is being touted as an alternative cure to DHF. The Tawa Tawa is described as having numerous flowers which measures about 5 to 8 centimeters each with...
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...1.1. Background Information Aedes mosquitoes are the vectors that cause the mosquito-borne disease such as Dengue fever (DF) and dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). The cases of dengue are keeping increasing from time to time and this has made it become a serious international concern. Initially, in the 1950’s only 5 countries documented dengue but up until now the dengue cases were reported in more than 100 countries (Guha –Sapi & Schimmer, 2005). Dengue can be transferred when the mosquitoes infected with one of the four dengue virus serotypes known as DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4 (WHO, 2014). There is no vaccine or any exact medication to treat dengue. In Malaysia, dengue fever cases are not something bizarre. Selangor is one of the states that had reported with high...
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...the Mesoamerican classical civilizations. Papaya leaves contains coumarin, papain and iron which are the three main essentials that increase blood platelets. Dengue viruses, mosquito-borne members of the Flaviviridae family, are the causative agents of dengue fever. Dengue is the most important emerging viral disease of humans that in recent decades has become a major international public health concern. There is a widespread of dengue cases in every corner of our country. Many people can’t afford to go to hospitals just to get medical assistance especially indigent families. Therefore because of the expensive disbursement in prestigious hospitals such as medicines needed to cure dengue, affected people die without being aided. Most people know about papayas but not many know about the amazing health benefits of Papaya Leaves. Papaya Leaves contain powerful healing compounds that are very important for great health and vitality... and for curing cancer and dengue fever. With the rising number of people catching dengue fever, the demand for papaya leaf juice has soared. The extract of raw papaya leaf helps boost platelets, also known as thrombocytes. Thus, they can formulate an alternative tea out of a simple leaf. Purpose of the Study The purpose of this study is to inform people that even they suffer from dengue fever, they don’t have to spend for their treatment and this study also inform people about the health benefits that they can get from simple leaves such as...
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...2 Chapter I THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING Introduction There are as many as 4 billion people, or 80 percent of the earth’s population that are using a form of herbal medicine in their health care system (World Health Organization, 2008). According to Ernest (2002), Chinese herbal medicines holds a large section of users in this population and most of which are known to be unregulated treatments and are freely available to everyone is in concomitant treatment with synthetic medicine. Chinese herbal medicine and Ayurvedic herbal medicine have very sparse and no convincing evidence that it is effective in any indication as stated by Guo and Canter (2007). Chinese herbal medicine also has a high potential for adverse events and negative herb–herb and herb–drug interactions because it can act in the same way as drugs and may cause medical problems if not used correctly (Foti,2005). Today, mainstream medicine has finally taken note of the Herbal industry, alternative medicines have come to be the people’s first choice treatment for various chronic diseases; its progress in the market has greatly grown and hasmade a mark in the line of medicine. In the Philippines alone, the progress of natural food supplements, primarily herbal-based products, is estimated by 3 independent surveys to have reached PhP700 million in sales in 2003 (absherbs.net, 2003). With the undeniable public’s lack of knowledge, over 100,000 people die in the United States per year of...
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...PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ➢ Pathophysiology o A. schematic diagram (book based) ➢ Pathophysiology (Client Cantered) ----------------------- Non-modifiable factors: • AGE and SEX – both are affected since dengue is a universal infection • SEASON – Aedes aegypti is more commonly found in tropical and subtropical countries Modifiable factors: • Poor environmental sanitation (presence of stagnant water container junk tires and bottle) • Poor practice to protect self against mosquitoes • Other lifestyle practices A Joint inflammation Cytokine and prostaglandin release Platelet injury/damage Immune adherence to platelets produced The body responds by producing physiologic changes aimed at elevating body temperature. Body induces the action of the cytokines and prostaglandins Immune response by the body (defense mechanism of the body to foreign bodies) Interruption in the normal homeostatic environment of the body Mosquito bite (AEDES AEGYPTI) Dengue virus enters the body carried by circulation and multiplies Fever Joint pain B A A Increase capillary or vascular permeability and fragility B Ruptured capillaries Thrombocytopenia Bone marrow Nasal mucosa Oral mucosa Extravasations of fluid Petechiae Maturation arrest of mega-karyocytes Gum Bleeding Epistaxis Bleeding Decrease tissue perfusion Narrowed PP Low BP Decrease...
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...Salutary effects of carica papaya leaf extract in dengue fever patients Salutary effects of carica papaya leaf extract in dengue fever patients – a pilot study S Hettige1 Sri Lankan Family Physician, 2008, 29, 17-19 Introduction Dengue is a mosquito-borne infection which in recent decades has become a major international public health problem. Dengue is prevalent in tropical and sub-tropical regions around the world, predominantly in urban and semiurban areas1. In Sri Lanka dengue is currently also spreading to rural areas and has reached epidemic proportions. It has become a major public health problem2. Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF), a potentially lethal complication, was first recognized in the 1950s during dengue epidemics in the Philippines and Thailand. Today DHF affects most Asian countries and has become a leading cause of hospitalization and death among children in the region1. There are four distinct types, but closely related viruses which cause dengue. Recovery from infection by one type provides lifelong immunity against that virus but confers only partial and transient protection against subsequent infection by the other three types of viruses. There is evidence that sequential infection increases the risk of developing DHF3. Up to date there is no specific treatment for dengue fever. Lack of adequate global interest and funding have greatly restricted the development of treatment regimes4. The current dengue epidemic has resulted in over 200 deaths in Sri...
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...Philippine health secretary has said that global warming may have contributed to a 43 percent rise in the number of dengue cases in the country for the first half of the year. According to government figures 15,061 cases of the disease in the Philippines were reported in the first six months of the year. "The increase in the number of dengue cases may be attributed to the constantly changing climate brought by global warming as well as congestion in urban areas," health secretary Francisco Duque said. CEBU City Health Officer Estella Ygoña said dengue cases in the city have significantly decreased. The City Epidemiology Surveillance and Statistics Unit (Cessu) has only recorded 1,623 cases from January to November 2011 compared to 2,871 cases in the same period last 2010, or 43.46 percent lower. Dengue fever also known as breakbone fever, is an infectious tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. Dengue viruses are mosquitos-borne viruses which exist in nature as four separate serotypes. Dengue fever is a disease caused by a family of viruses that are transmitted by mosquitoes. The most efficient vector is the female Aedes aegypti. This mosquito is domestic, day-biting, with low and limited flying movements. Dengue virus is transmitted to man through mosquito bites and is therefore ranked among the arbovirus (arthropodborne virus) diseases. Treatment of dengue virus infections is essentially symptomatic and supportive. There are no specific anti-viral tablets or injections...
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...Communicable Disease Paper The Dengue virus is known to be a mosquito-borne viral infection and is a major threat to health worldwide. It is a mosquito-borne infection that causes a severe flu-like illness and is also known as break bone fever. Fifty to one hundred million people are infected each year mostly in tropical and sub-tropical climates of the world. In the U.S, cases seen affected with the Dengue virus are mostly from Americans who traveled out of the country. Infection of the dengue virus causes dengue fever. The virus weakens the circulatory system and leads to a deadly hemorrhaging. “Dengue fever is the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral illness in humans and is caused by family related to the virus that cause yellow fever, hepatitis C, and the Japanese St. Lou serotypes of DV causes spectrum of clinical disease ranging from an acute debilitating self-syndrome (dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome)” (Diamond, Roberts, Edgil, Lu, Ernst, & Harris, 2000, Modulation of Dengue Virus Infection in Human Cells by Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Interface, pg.1, para. 2). Environmental Factors Humans are known to be the main carriers and multipliers of the virus. Dengue fever is caused by four different types of the dengue virus. It is transmitted by the bite of an Aedes mosquito directly from one person to another. Mosquitoes are known to breed mostly in man-made containers and are found in all continents of the world except Antarctica. The Aedes mosquitoes’ characteristics...
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...TECHNICAL REPORT PARAMETER ESTIMATION OF SIR MODEL FOR THE SPREAD OF DENGUE DISEASE HAZWANI BINTI AHMAD (2009224096 - TR12/20) NURUL HAMIZAH BINTI MOKHTAR (2009283442 - TR12/20) SITI ATIQAH BINTI RAMLI (2009652882 - TR12/20) UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA TECHNICAL REPORT PARAMETER ESTIMATION OF SIR MODEL FOR THE SPREAD OF DENGUE DISEASE HAZWANI BINTI AHMAD (2009224096 - TR12/20) NURUL HAMIZAH BINTI MOKHTAR (2009283442 - TR12/20) SITI ATIQAH BINTI RAMLI (2009652882 - TR12/20) Report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Science (Hons.) ( Computational Mathematics) Center of Mathematics Studies Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences JANUARY 2012 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, we are grateful to ALLAH S.W.T for his mercy and guidance in giving us full-strength to complete this “Projek Ilmiah Tahun Akhir (PITA)” that really tested our abilities mentally and physically. Even facing with some difficulties in completing this project, we still manage to complete it. We also want to show our thanks to those who have contributed their leadership, guidance and support for the completion of this project. Special appreciation to the our supervisor, Puan Hanimah Binti Basri for all of her encouragement, guidance and support in helping us to understand and enable to complete this project from initial of this project until the final level. Her ideas and suggestions to this project are very valuable at each stage of our...
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...Peer-Reviewed Journal Tracking and Analyzing Disease Trends pages 557–740 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF D. Peter Drotman Associate Editors Paul Arguin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Charles Ben Beard, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Ermias Belay, Atlanta, Georgia, USA David Bell, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Sharon Bloom, Atlanta, GA, USA Mary Brandt, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Corrie Brown, Athens, Georgia, USA Charles H. Calisher, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Michel Drancourt, Marseille, France Paul V. Effler, Perth, Australia David Freedman, Birmingham, Alabama, USA Peter Gerner-Smidt, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Stephen Hadler, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Nina Marano, Nairobi, Kenya Martin I. Meltzer, Atlanta, Georgia, USA David Morens, Bethesda, Maryland, USA J. Glenn Morris, Gainesville, Florida, USA Patrice Nordmann, Fribourg, Switzerland Didier Raoult, Marseille, France Pierre Rollin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Ronald M. Rosenberg, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA Frank Sorvillo, Los Angeles, California, USA David Walker, Galveston, Texas, USA Senior Associate Editor, Emeritus Brian W.J. Mahy, Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, UK Managing Editor Byron Breedlove, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Copy Editors Claudia Chesley, Laurie Dietrich, Karen Foster, Thomas Gryczan, Jean Michaels Jones, Shannon O’Connor, P. Lynne Stockton Production William Hale, Barbara Segal, Reginald Tucker Editorial Assistant Jared Friedberg Communications/Social Media Sarah Logan Gregory Founding Editor Joseph E. McDade, Rome, Georgia, USA Emerging Infectious Diseases...
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...DENGUE FEVER REMEDY Pawpaw (Papaya) Leaf Juice Is A Natural Cure For Dengue Fever Remedy: Two (2) pieces of raw Pawpaw (Papaya) leaves. Clean the leaves and pound and squeeze with a filter cloth. You will only get one tablespoon of juice per leaf. So, take two (2) tablespoons of Pawpaw (Papaya) leaf juice once a day. Do not boil, or cook, or rinse the leaves with hot water, as it will lose its strength. Use only the leafy part of the Pawpaw (Papaya) plant, and not the stem or sap. The juice is very bitter, and you have to swallow it. But it works. Simple and Effective – blend the leaves, squeeze the juice, drink immediately. Case Studies: 1. Male student was in a critical condition in the intensive care unit, when his blood platelet count dropped to 15, after a blood transfusion of 15-litres. The boy’s father was so worried that he sought a friend’s recommendation, and his son was saved. He gave his son the raw juice of the Pawpaw (Papaya) leaves. From a platelet count of 45 (after a blood transfusion of 20-litres), and after drinking the raw Pawpaw (Papaya) leaf juice, his platelet count jumped instantly to 135. Even the doctors and nurses were surprised. After two days in hospital, the boy was discharged. 2. Adult female had a very serious case of Dengue Fever, her platelet count had dropped to 28,000 after 3 days in hospital, and water had started to fill up her lungs, causing difficulty with breathing. She was only 32 years old. Her doctor said there was no cure for...
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