...Aim – To find out the density of iron. Method – * Take different number of iron nails. i.e. 15, 30, 45, 60, 75. * Measure and record the volume for the different number of nails, by immersing the nails into water, and recording the displacement. * Measure and record the mass of the different number of nails using a balance. * By using the formula Density = Mass/ Volume calculate the density of the iron nails. * Note this information in a lab report… Apparatus – * Measuring Cylinder * Balance * Iron Nails * Water (5cm^3 as initial volume) * Tissue Paper Independent Variable –Volume Dependent Variable – Mass Controlled Variables – Initial volume of water and iron nails. Modifications to the experiment – I noticed while immersing 60 and 75 nails into the measuring cylinder, some nails could not fit and were above the water level. Hence to calculate the volume for these many number of nails, the initial volume was changed from 5cm^3 to 6cm^3. Then I measured the change in displacement to find the volume. Raw data table – Number of Nails | Mass of Nails/g ±0.10 | Volume of Nails/cm^3±0.10 | | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | 15 | 3.90 | 4.10 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 30 | 7.90 | 8.103 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 45 | 11.70 | 12.05 | 1.70 | 1.55 | 60 | 15.75 | 15.95 | 2.95 | 2.80 | 75 | 19.80 | 19.70 | 3.55 | 3.70 | Qualitative Observations – * When I kept 15 nails in a measuring cylinder which had 5cm^3 of water, the water displacement...
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...Jennifer turnblom Density Lab Mr. Elliot Science 18 September 2016 density; Density is a way to measure how tightly packed particles are in a object. Objects with more density have less empty space in them (less holey). To find the density of an object its often measured in grams per milliliter (g/ml). To find the density of an object you measure the number of grams it is (mass) then divide by amount of space it takes up ( volume). The final equation should look something like this, v/m=d. To find the density of the 25 objects I will use the formula volume/mass=density. Mass Mass is the quantity of matter in an object regardless of the volume or forces acting upon it. mass is a measurement of the amount of matter in an object Mass is always constant for an object no matter where the object is located The formula for mass is density X volume = mass Mass is measured in kilograms (kg), Grams (g) and milligrams (mg) Mass can be measured using scale, for example if you use an electronic scale. Put the object on the measuring scale then wit until the number stop changing and the number shown is...
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...Liquid Density Frances Pauline U. Onting Department of Chemistry Xavier University-Ateneo de Cagayan Corrales Avenue, Cagayan de Oro, Philippines Abstract — Liquid density is the mass per unit volume, whereas specific gravity is the density relative to water. The present study was conducted to determine the liquid density of water and the unknown sample. The experiment also aimed to calculate the specific gravity given the densities. The first part of the experiment aimed to determine the density of the liquid by using the Westphal Balance. The average liquid densities of water and the unknown were 1.1433 and 0.9313 respectively. The relative density of the unknown was then calculated to be 0.8146, given the average densities. The second part utilized the hydrometer to determine the specific gravity directly. The specific gravity values of water and the unknown were 1.009 and 0.8157 respectively. The unknown compound was found to be butanol, with a specific gravity of 0.810. Based on the experimental results, the percentage error were 2.2324% for the Westphal balance and 2.5684% for the hydrometer. Keywords- specific gravity, density, Westphal balance, hydrometer, unknown Introduction Density is a physical property unique to each substance. The density of a liquid is a measure of the mass of the substance in a standard unit of volume[1]. Mathematically, density is defined as mass divided by volume: [pic] (1) where ρ is the density, m is...
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...Experiment 2 Density: Using Experimental Techniques to Solve an Inquiry based problem Introduction- Density is the measure of mass of a substance that is, the amount of matter in a substance per unit volume of the substance. The objective: 1. To find the density of a cube 2. To get the methods in which the density of an object can be determined 3. To discover which of the methods is more accurate to use in determining the density of an object Materials: 1. Object (cube) 2. Ruler 3. Balance Methods: The methods used for this experiment to get the density of the object are measuring the dimensions of the object and use of water displacement. INTRODUCTION Density is the measure of the amount of matter contained in a substance per unit volume of that substance. The equation for density, Density = Mass/Volume. It is measured in grams/ centimeter cube. In order to find the density of an object, the mass and the volume of the object is required. The Mass of an object can be obtained using a balance or weigh. The Volume of an object can be determined by water displacement and the measurements of the dimensions of the object. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS AND THEORETICAL ANALYSIS There were two experiments done to determine the densities. Experiment 1: Cube, Ruler, balance One side of the cube 3.7cm- Length at one side Mass of the cube=2.69g Volume = (3.7cm) =2.69/50.65 Density= 0.5g 2nd side of the cube 3.3cm= 35.94 Length=3.3cm 35.94/2...
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...Determining Density Purpose: To determine density using measurements of mass and volume. Hypothesis: I think that from least dense to most dense it will be water, syrup, ketchup and then sand. The reason I think this is because in all of our viscosity experiments water was the least viscous and when we did the ketchup experiments it was thick, but not thick as molasses. Finally, I think sand would be the densest because it is a solid. I am not exactly sure how to determine the density of an object, but I think it is going to have something to do with volume and how heavy it is. Apparatus Materials: • Triple beam balance • 200 ml ketchup • 200 ml syrup • 200 ml molasses • 200 ml sand • 200 ml water • 200 ml beaker Procedure: 1. Measure the mass of the empty beaker. 2. Pour 50 ml of your substance into the beaker. 3. Measure the mass of the beaker and substance. 4. Subtract the mass of the beaker from the mass of the substance and beaker. 5. Repeat steps 2-4 three more times, adding 50 ml each time. 6. Record results in chart. 7. Repeat with other substances. Observations: Water |Volume |Mass of beaker |Mass or beaker and |Mass of the substance |Ratio of mass to volume | |(ml) | |substance |only | | |50 |108.8 |158.6 ...
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...Name Date Density Lab Density on Various Objects TITLE: The effect of density on various objects PURPOSE: To observe the effect of density on various objects and use the property of density to identify the composition of unknowns. PROCEDURE ONE: Part A: Floating Cans 1. Five gallon bucket of room temperature water 2. Add can of regular soda 3. Add can of diet soda 4. Record which can floats and which can sinks PROCEDURE TWO: Part A: Floating Eggs in Water 1. Measured the mass of the egg 2. Recorded the mass of the egg 3. Filled the overflow can with plain water to just below the spout and lowered the egg into the can while catching the water that overflowed. 4. Recorded the amount of water overflowed 5. Determined the volume of the egg by measuring the amount of water displaced with a graduated cylinder Part B: Floating Eggs in Salt Water 1. Measured the mass of the egg 2. Recorded the mass of the egg 3. Filled the overflow can with salt water to just below the spout and lowered the egg into the can while catching the water that overflowed. 4. Recorded the amount of water overflowed 5. Determined...
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...No | 216119812 | Subject | Physics I | Practical Date | 03 March 2016 | | | Practical Title | Practical 1: Measuring and density of solids | Name | Nikita Jansen van Vuuren | Student No | 216119812 | Subject | Physics I | Practical Date | 03 March 2016 | | | Practical Title | Practical 1: Measuring and density of solids | Aim The aim of Experiments 1, 2 and 3 was to: a) Learn how to use measuring apparatus – meter-stick, balance, graduated cylinder and the density bottle. b) Determine density and compare values of density (a physical property) using different methods. Experiment 1: A solid was identified by measuring its density. * Apparatus: meter-stick. Method * Meter-stick measurement. * Recording of the mass and calculating the volume of each object. * Density of each object was determined in kg/m3 Experiment 2: An unknown liquid was identified by measuring the relative density * Apparatus: Density bottle (+- 50ml) Method * Measured relative density of a given liquid RD= ρ substanceρ water * Masses of equal volumes of water and the unknown liquid was taken and recorded respectively * Finally the relative density of the given substance was calculated and compared to that of water. Experiment 3: An irregular object (stone) was identified by measuring its density * Apparatus: Graduated cylinder (+-10ml) Method * Measuring cylinder was filled up to halfway with water. The (initial)...
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...Chem 1A Brown 3 July 2014 Density Lab Report Objective: The purpose of this lab was to experimentally determine the density in three different investigations. Prelab procedure outline: What is the Density of an Egg? 1. Obtain the egg and note any observations. 2. Obtain a 400-ml beaker. 3. Add 200-ml of water into the beaker. Record the volume. 4. Place the raw egg into the water and record the volume and any observations. 5. Add NaCl into the water and stir until dissolved. 6. Stop adding NaCl once the top of the egg reaches the meniscus of the water. 7. Determine the density of the egg and the salt solution. Calculations: Beaker = 137g Beaker + Liquid = 337g Mass liquid = 337g – 137g = 200g Density of NaCl solution = 200g / 137mL = 1.46 g/mL Prelab Analysis Outline 1. Subtract mass of empty beaker from mass of filled beaker to calculate mass of liquid. Mliquid=mbeaker+liquid-mbeaker 2. Divide NaCl liquid mass by NaCl liquid volume to find density. D=mliquid/137mL Procedure, Data and Results Obtain egg. Obtained and cleaned 400mL beaker. Weighed the 400mL beaker. 400mL beaker = 137.4635g Filled beaker with 200mL of water. Weighed on analytical balance. Beaker + water = 337g Placed egg in water and noted observations including water displacement. Added NaCl into the solution until the egg floated. Beaker + NaCl solution = 200g Calculated density of NaCl solution. Density of NaCl solution = 200g / 137mL...
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...Environmental Stressors Krista Jex PSY/460 01/31/2012 Dr. Thomas Population density has grown throughout the years. The population rate of the world has increased. When we count the amount of people who settle in specific areas, that is how we determine population density. Having minimal privacy is something that people do not like to be a part of. Privacy is important because it allows a person to have their identity without other’s always in their business. Pollution and excess population can cause chaos and problems in the world. Everyone around is affected by their environment and noise can be a dominant factor and problem. In high density areas noise production is another problem. When certain areas grow, the people who live in the overly populated places will start to migrate somewhere else to gain some type of privacy. In my paper I will describe the territoriality, privacy, and personal space, how it becomes denser, the effect of nature has on individual’s living in urban environments, the concept of noise and examining the effect it has on individuals. Finally, I will examine at least two strategies that can be used to reduce noise in the workplace or in the living environment. Privacy is essential because that is the foundation of behavior relations...
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...201 Laboratory 2: Density Measurement Introduction: The purpose of this laboratory exercise is to introduce basic laboratory measurements, with a specific emphasis on the units of mass and volume. Familiarization with measuring mass and volume, and calculating density from the results will also be executed. The overall goal of the laboratory is for the student to be able to draw conclusions on the relation between the position of metals on the periodic table and their respective densities. Density, or the degree of compactness of a substance, can be easily measured through the ratio of the mass of a substance divided by the volume of that substance. Since mass and volume can be easily measured for solids, liquids, and gases, the density of a substance can be easily defined. Since gases have a smaller density than solids and liquids, they are measured by grams/liter, whereas the former is reported by grams/milliliter or grams/cubic centimeter. In this laboratory exercise, one will measure density in two ways; through density displacement and through direct measurement. We first calculate densities of different metals, such as iron, copper, magnesium, lead and zinc in different forms, such as beads, chips, plates and pieces, by measuring their gross masses and net volumes. In addition, densities were calculated through direct measurement of the masses and volumes of two substances; an iron chip and a copper bead. Finally, the densities of copper pennies were...
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...Volume 8, Number 16 (2013) pp. 1937-1943 © Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com/ijaer.htm Ionospheric Electron Density Analysis using Empirical Orthogonal Functions Bhagyasree Nimmagadda, A.L Siridhara, D.Venkata Ratnam Department Of ECE in affiliation to K L University K L University (KoneruLakshmaiah Education Foundation) Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India. Email: dvratnam@kluniverity.in Abstract Ionospheric electron density variations are more predominant error sources in precise positioning with Global Positioning System (GPS) based navigation systems over low latitude regions such as India and Brazil. spatial and temporal variability is more in this region due to Equatorial Ionospheric Anomaly (EIA), Spread F and ionospheric scintillations etc. Short and long term ionospheric changes such as the solar cycle, the annual and semiannual variations of the ionosphere needs to be investigated for improving reliable communication and navigation systems. In this paper, EOF analysis is used to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of ionospheric electron density. An empirical model is implemented based on coefficients and basis functions obtained from the EOF analysis. It is evident from the results that the coefficients of EOF basis functions well signify the solar activity, diurnal variations of electron density. Keywords: GPS, EOF, TEC and IRI model 1. Introduction: The EOF analysis is originally introduced into meteorology as a method for...
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...the Unknown Object (Density, Measurement and Error) By: Meena Roberts Discussion Section: Wednesday at 8:30am Objective: The purpose of this lab is to identify what the unknown object is made of. Procedure: Object was placed on digital scale to measure its mass in grams(g). -Mass 1:23.7g Water was poured into graduated cylinder and initial volume was recorded by looking at meniscus in milliliter(mL) -Volume measurement 1: Initial Volume-31.0mL Object was placed into graduated cylinder carefully and final volume was recorded by looking at meniscus in milliliter(mL). -Volume measurement 1: Final Volume-34.0mL The measured volume was calculated by subtracting the final volume from the initial volume in milliliter(mL). Measured...
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...people being questioned, we as people can all relate to the need for clear and distinct territories, a sense of privacy and a desire for personal space, however as individuals we all experience the same events and situations entirely differently, depending on such factors as pervious experiences, personality type, cultural influences, age, socio-economic status, gender, etc. When taking into account the above referenced “factors” a clear and distinct definition of the key concepts , being discussed, is in order. Territory, Privacy, and Personal Space: Concepts such as Territory, privacy, and personal space take on a new meaning in relation to the ever-increasing population density. Here we take a brief look at the definition of each concept, as well as how each concept relates to high-density populations. Territory: The term territory refers to an area of land under the ruler ship or jurisdictions of a governing power (weibster.com). A similar term called, Territoriality refers to manner in which both Humans as well as animals utilize and defend, usually via physical acts of aggression, their physical space. (Territoriality, 2004). According to Abu-Ghazzeh (2000) “no area can be called a territory unless it is characterized by its owner's personal means of identification and unless it constitutes a component of the social behavior of its related group” (para. 1). What this means is that, behaviors are the catalyst to what truly define territory, not geographic location...
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...The Effects of Population Density and Noise Paper Your Name PSY460 Date Instructor Name The Effects of Population Density and Noise Paper * Concepts of Territoriality, Privacy, and Personal Space Territoriality refers to a limited district for a person or animal and the tendency to defend an area of territory (Oxford, 1042); whereas personal, or one’ private space indicates the region humans or animals designate as their own. The relationship between the thoughts of territoriality, privacy, and personal personal space to population mass is associated with behavior. For example, Rubenstein (1980) examined changes in population mass and supply patterns, and noted how these changes affects the hostile behavior of the small sunfish. According to Rubenstein, the means by which small sunfish contend for nourishment is swayed by the mass of the inhabitants, the dispersal of victims, and the gender domination position of a person. Studies on territorial rights showed that Increases in prey dispersion reduced the proportion of battles over possessions in both low and high mass populations (Morrell & Koko, 200). Morrell & Koko sought to explain how animals establish territorial ownership, which is viewed as a major determinant of fitness in territorial animals. Some other behavioral characteristics associated with the establishment of territories include: (a) subordinates initiate fights over resources; (b) initiators are unlikely to contest prey in low mass inhabitants;...
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...The Effects of Population Density and Noise Paper The Effects of Population Density and Noise Paper The population density of the world has grown so fast over the last years, this is all do to the population rate of the world. When you think of population density it is the amount of people numerically that have settled in a specific area. I was reading the census website and found out that nearly 70 people are occupying per square mile of the world. Issues that have occurred with population density that have caused problems with the world are minimal privacy, excess population, and pollution. Issues that occur also with population density affect everyone around it and the environment, noise is a dominant problem. Due to the matter of population density there is now another problem that is being caused by it which is noise production, especially in high density areas. Then when areas that are populated continue to grow the people that are living in them will chose to move somewhere else to gain some type of privacy. In my paper I will describe the concepts of territoriality, privacy, and personal space. Examine how the concepts of territoriality, privacy, and personal space have become increasingly important as populations become denser. I will clarify the effect nature has on individuals living in urban environment. Describe the concept of noise and examine the effect that it has on individuals. Finally I will examine at least two strategies that can be used to...
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