...Unit Title: The Business Environment Guided Learning Hours: 160 Level: Level 5 Number of Credits: 18 Learning Outcome 1 The learner will: Understand the significance of the environment on business activity. Assessment Criteria The learner can: 1.1 Explain the features of business activity. Indicative Content 1.1.1 Explain the business organisation as a transformation process. 1.1.2 Describe the different ways in which a business may structure its activities. 1.2 Discuss the complex interactions that operate between a business and its environment. 1.2.1 Discuss the complexity, volatility and uniqueness of an organisation's environment. 1.2.2 Explain the influence of shareholders on the internal environment of an organisation. 1.2.3 Outline the nature of the external environment (PEST). 1.3 Explain the need for change and its management within an individual business. 1.3.1 Discuss the need to monitor changes in the external environment. 1.3.2 Discuss the implications of environmental change for a business, its stakeholders and society. 1.3.3 Explain reasons for resistance to change by firms, managers and employees. 1.3.4 Describe ways in which resistance to change may be overcome. Learning Outcome 2 The learner will: Understand the structure and organisation of business. Assessment Criteria The learner can: 2.1 Discuss the impact of industrial and legal structure and size on organisational behaviour. Indicative Content 2.1.1 Classify businesses...
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...Unit Title: The Business Environment Guided Learning Hours: 160 Level: Level 5 Number of Credits: 18 Learning Outcome 1 The learner will: Understand the significance of the environment on business activity. Assessment Criteria The learner can: Indicative Content 1.1 Explain the features of business activity. 1.1.1 Explain the business organisation as a transformation process. 1.1.2 Describe the different ways in which a business may structure its activities. 1.2 Discuss the complex interactions that operate between a business and its environment. 1.2.1 Discuss the complexity, volatility and uniqueness of an organisation's environment. 1.2.2 Explain the influence of shareholders on the internal environment of an organisation. 1.2.3 Outline the nature of the external environment (PEST). 1.3 Explain the need for change and its management within an individual business. 1.3.1 Discuss the need to monitor changes in the external environment. 1.3.2 Discuss the implications of environmental change for a business, its stakeholders and society. 1.3.3 Explain reasons for resistance to change by firms, managers and employees. 1.3.4 Describe ways in which resistance to change may be overcome. Learning Outcome 2 The learner will: Understand the structure and organisation of business. Assessment Criteria The learner can: Indicative Content 2.1 Discuss the impact of industrial and legal structure and size on organisational behaviour. 2.1.1 Classify...
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...Jaensson Umea University school of Business Administration and Economics, Sweden Jan-Erik.Jaensson@fek.umu.se Abstract This paper reviews the networks and the IMP literature to inform research on the network phenomenon in small and medium enterprises in Tanzania. It is noted that while a lot of work in this area has been done in Western Industrialized countries, little by way of serious research has been undertaken in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. The role of networks in enterprise development and growth in these countries remains unexplored and therefore unclear. It is argued here that research on networks needs to be contextualized if it is to gain currency. Integrating the networks and the IMP perspectives this paper identifies three crucial areas relevant for future research in Tanzania: viz, the network-performance nexus, female versus male networks and social networks. Introduction The main purpose of this paper is to provoke research on networks in Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) in Tanzania. We integrate the networks, IMP and entrepreneurship literature to justify research in this area. In the entrepreneurship literature networks have been identified as one of the solutions to problems faced by SMEs, especially at the start-up stage. A research focus on this line of enquiry at the SME level in a developing country such as Tanzania is important and relevant for various reasons. First, the literature has pointed out that many problems small businesses face are related...
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...A study of factors related to successful and failure of entrepreneurs of small industrial business with emphasis on their level of education and training Yadollah Mehralizadeh (PhD)1 & Hossain Sajady (PhD)2 (With Ahmad Zandavanian and Yaser Timoury) Abstract This paper examines the determinants of business start-up, long and short-term success, and failure of small businesses. Entrepreneurs and small firm success and failure have been the subject of extensive research. It is important to understand the external, internal, and motivational factors responsible for business start-up, the barriers faced during the initial and continuous stages of trading and the advice and assistance available to entrepreneurs. This paper is aiming in explaining the main factors are related to successful, and failure of entrepreneurs in small industrial business in Ahvaz city3. Based on a random sampling 51 enterprisers marked as successful and failures are selected. The data collected based on a triangulation method (interview, questionnaire, and observation). The results show that: a- from the failure entrepreneurs point of view the following issues were important effects on their weak performance and failure their business: weak managing technical skills, financial issues, planning and organizing of their business, economic issues, informal issues, weak managing conceptual skills, personnel skills, education and low training, and weak human relation. b- from the successful entrepreneurs point...
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...In the previous lesson you have learnt that companies raise long-term and medium-term finance by issuing shares and debentures. Specialised financial institutions are also an important source of such finance. In this lesson, we shall discuss the role and functions of specialised financial institutions. 20.2 Objectives After studying this lesson, you will be able to :- l explain the need for and importance of specialised financial institutions; l identify the types of such institutions; l describe the functions and objectives of Industrial Finance Corporation of India (IFCI) and State Financial Corporations (SFCs); l discuss the role and objectives of Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI); l state the functions of IDBI; l Recall the meaning of ‘investment trust’; 56 :: Business Studies l discuss the objectives and function of Unit Trust of India (U.T.I.) ; l Explain the objectives of Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India (ICICI) ; l describe the functions of ICICI ; 20.3 Need for and importance of Specialised Financial Institutions (SFIs) SFIs are institutions set up mainly by the government for providing medium and long-term financial assistance to industry. As these institutions provide developmental finance, that is, finance for investment in fixed assets, they are also known as ‘development banks’ or ‘development financial institutions’. These institutions receive funds for their financing operations primarily from the government...
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...ECONOMICS EXAMINATION GUIDELINES GRADE 12 2014 These guidelines consist of 25 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over Economics 2 Examination Guidelines DBE/2014 INDEX PAGE 3 1. INTRODUCTION 2. ASSESSMENT IN GRADE 12 2.1 Format of the question papers 2.2 Detail of question papers 4 4 4 3. CONTENT 6 4. CONCLUSION Copyright reserved 25 Please turn over Economics 1. 3 Examination Guidelines DBE/2014 INTRODUCTION The Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) for Economics outlines the nature and purpose of the subject Economics. This guides the philosophy underlying the teaching and assessment of the subject in Grade 12. The purpose of these Examination Guidelines is to: • • Provide clarity on the depth and scope of the content to be assessed in the Grade 12 National Senior Certificate (NSC) Examination in Economics. Assist teachers to adequately prepare learners for the examinations. This document deals with the final Grade 12 external examinations. It does not deal in any depth with the School-Based Assessment (SBA). This guideline should be read in conjunction with: • • • The National Curriculum Statement (NCS) Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS): Economics The National Protocol of Assessment: An addendum to the policy document, the National Senior Certificate: A qualification at Level 4 on the National Qualifications Framework (NQF), regarding the National Protocol for Assessment (Grades R–12) The national policy pertaining...
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...Research Proposal Topic: THE IMPACT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL NETWORKING TO ENHANCE WOMEN PARTICIPATION IN SMEs Introduction In this dynamic business world entrepreneurship has inferred special significance, as it is a key driver to economic development. The objectives of industrial development, regional growth, and employment generation depend upon entrepreneurship. Consequently entrepreneurs are, thus the seeds of industrial development and the fruits of this development are greater employment job opportunities to unemployed people. Entrepreneurship leads to higher income, increases in per capita income, higher standard of living, and individual saving, revenue to the government in the form of various taxes. The recent concept of “entrepreneurial networking/social networking” has emerged as one of the contributing factors to growth of enterprises (Davidsson and Honig, 2003; Lam, Leibbrandt, & Mlatsheni, 2007). Information is a major resource for men and women entrepreneurs and can connect to marketplaces, suppliers; costs, technology, and networking have appeared as valuable for contributing assistance to entrepreneurs. The networking is becoming popular and a valuable way to get hold of relevant information to get competitive advantages. Networking provides entrepreneurs a variety of priceless sources not previously in ownership and assist to accomplish their goals (Hansen, 1995; Jenssen, 2001; Ripolles and Blesa, 2005; Welter and Kautonen, 2005). Networking can be...
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... 2, No. 1; March 2011 Training Strategies in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises from the Perspective of Technology Innovation AiYing Li (Corresponding author) Lin-Yi University Shandong Lin-Yi 276005, China E-mail: linq1959@163.com Lin Ye Shanxi Normal University Shanxi Lin-Fen 041004, China E-mail: linyegreat@126.com Received: October 18, 2010 Abstract It’s very important to know the training needs of enterprise's past and present demand, training activities planning often starting to solve problems of the past and present. Based on technical innovation training, training analysis is ascending into the strategic level, standing in a new height. Through the analysis of the role which enterprise training plays in technology innovation, based on the enterprise development strategy, job analysis and technical requirements; propose technical processes in small and medium-sized enterprises. From the Angle of enterprise technology innovation, put forward the enterprise training strategies which should be adopted in small and medium-sized enterprises. Keywords: Enterprise training, Small and medium-sized enterprises, Technology innovation, Training strategy 1. Introduction: The number of small and medium-sized enterprises in China accounted for 99.3% of total national enterprises, 55.6% of national GDP, 74. 7% of industrial added value, 58.9%of social sales tax, revenue 46 percent and exports 62.3% are created respectively by small and medium-sized enterprises and approximately 75%...
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...SUBDOMAIN: 309.1 -‐ ECONOMICS Competency 309.1.3: Competition The graduate analyzes a firm’s competitive environment to determine whether the market exhibits characteristics of perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly, and monopolistic competition. Objective 309.1.3-‐06: Describe how the need for governmental price regulation differs for firms in different competitive environments. Date: February 9, 2015 A) The Anti-‐Trust Laws Sherman Act (1890) The Sherman Act came about due to a growing public resentment of trusts. The antitrust legislation is broken down into two parts: • Section 1 “Every contract, combination in the form of a trust or otherwise, or conspiracy, in restraint of trade or commerce among the several States, or with foreign nations is declared to be illegal.” Section 2 “Every person who shall monopolize, or attempt to monopolize, or combine or conspire with any person or persons, to monopolize any part of the trade or commerce among the several states, or with foreign nations, shall be deemed guilty of a felony” (Brue, Flynn, & McConnell, 2012) ...
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...make available it at a price that the consumers’ find reasonable; (c) supply the product to the consumers at different outlets they can conveniently approach; and (d) inform the consumers about the product and its characteristics through the media they have access to. So the marketing manager concentrates on four major decision areas while planning the marketing activities, namely, (i) products, (ii) price, (iii) place (distribution) and (iv) promotion. These 4 ‘P’s are called as elements of marketing and together they constitute the marketing mix. All these are inter-related because a decision in one area affects decisions in other areas. In this lesson you will learn about the basic aspects relating to these 4‘P’s viz., product, price, place and promotion. OBJECTIVES After studying this lesson, you will be able to : • • • • • • • • explain the concept of marketing mix and its components; explain the meaning of product and its classification; state the various factors affecting pricing decisions; describe different methods of pricing; state the meaning of channels of distribution; identify the various channels of distribution; state the factors affecting choice of a channel of distribution; and explain the concepts of promotion and promotion mix. 101 Business Studies MODULE -5 Marketing 20.1 CONCEPT AND COMPONENTS OF MARKETING MIX Notes Marketing involves a number of activities. To begin with, an organisation may decide on its target group of customers to be...
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...CASE STUDY: You are a Business Development Consultant. Your Firm is hired by a small business enterprise that is facing myriads of marketing and organizational challenges. YOUR JOB AS A BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT CONSULTANT IS TO 1) Analyze the problems in the business, 2) Research solutions and/or benchmark good practices, 3) Make suitable recommendations for improvements, and 4) Help the business to implement these recommendations satisfactorily. TEAM ASSIGNMENTS PRESENTATION: 15 MINUTES LEARNING OUTCOME 2: Be able to use the concepts of segmentation, targeting and positioning 2.1 Show macro and micro environmental factors which influence marketing decisions 2.2 Propose segmentation criteria to be used for products in different markets 2.3 Choose a targeting strategy for a selected product/service 2.4 Demonstrate how buyer behavior affects marketing activities in different buying situations 2.5 Propose new positioning for a selected product/service Submission Deadline: November 16, 2015 TEAM ASSIGNMENT: AC 2.1 Show macro and micro environmental factors which influence marketing decisions Guiding Term Paper Questions The business believes that competition from nearby businesses is preventing it from growing and increasing sales. However many other micro and macro factors are impacting sales and its marketing decisions. So show the macro and micro environmental factors that are impacting the performance of the business and explain how they are...
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...Euro. J. History of Economic Thought 14:1 55 – 78 March 2007 Alfred Marshall’s critical analysis of scientific management* Katia Caldari The value of a machine to a business can be calculated on the basis of its efficiency for its immediate work. But the value of an employee must be estimated (. . .) with a view to the probable development of his capacities: and the difficulty of this task is increased by the conditions of modern business. (Marshall 1919: 350) The dependence of industrial leadership on individuality and creative faculty has not been greatly effected by the predominance of routine in staple manufacture. (Marshall Library Archive, Red Box 1) 1. Introduction In 1911, in America, F.W. Taylor published his famous book, Principles of Scientific Management, in which new principles of industrial organization are suggested and the advantages of an extreme division of labour and mechanization are stressed. Taylor’s theory of scientific management played a very important role in shaping the early twentieth century factory system, both in America and in Address for correspondence University of Padua, Italy; e-mail: katia.caldari@unipd.it * An earlier draft of this paper was presented at the History of Economics Society’s Annual Meeting, 4 – 7 July 2003, Duke University, Durham. I would like to thank all the participants to my section for their helpful comments, in particular James Henderson, Mary Morgan, Michel Que ´ and Malcolm Rutherford. For...
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...Phần mực đỏ phải edit lại nội dung The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) I. Definition 1. Definition of INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 2. Introducing WIPO II. About IP - Why IP is important for business? - Why business membership organizations should provide IP services? III. Types of IP - Copyright - Patents - Trademark - Industrial designs - Geographical indication IV. History and structure of WIPO - The Main Organs - Committees Established by Treaty Provisions - Committees Constituted Under One or More of the Main Organs - Working Groups V. Mission and activities - Mission of WIPO - Activities The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) I. Definition: 1. Definition of INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY - Intellectual property, very broadly, means the legal rights which result from intellectual activity in the industrial, scientific, literary and artistic fields. - Two reasons that countries should have laws to protect intellectual property: + giving statutory expression to the moral and economic rights of creators + encouraging fair trading which would contribute to economic and social development. 2. Introducing WIPO - The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations (UN) system of organizations. Its complexity results from the relatively long history of the Organization (using that term to cover also the predecessors of the present...
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...is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/1463-5771.htm BIJ 13,1/2 Best practices of collaboration between university and industrial SMEs P. Pecas and E. Henriques ¸ Technology and Management Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, ´ Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisboa, Portugal Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the implementation of best practices of collaboration between university and industrial small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Design/methodology/approach – This paper presents the experience carried on by a university group fostering the collaboration with SME companies involving young engineering students and researchers in projects designed for the resolution of real industrial problems. A collaboration model is proposed and described. Four real case studies are presented. Findings – The purposed model promotes the involvement of the young engineers with authentic industrial experiences, enables the build-up of their practical framework and encourages their entrepreneurial growth. It also promotes the innovation process in SME companies through the close collaboration with universities. Practical implications – The collaboration between universities and SME companies should be based on a small projects base. These projects must be focus in localized and specific problematic areas in the industrial companies, where the potential of improvement and innovation is large, must diagnose the problematic situation and propose new...
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...Contents Introduction 3 Existing Market and E-Business 4 What is Entrepreneurship? 4 What is an Entrepreneur? 5 Who are the potential entrepreneurs? 5 Entrepreneurship as a subject 6 Conclusion 7 Reference List 8 Introduction This literature incorporates relevant quotes and theories from industry (Hospitality and Tourism) journal articles and books in attempt to deliberate: can “Entrepreneurship be taught?” Firstly, in light of the topic the meanings of both ‘entrepreneurship’ and ‘entrepreneurs’ need to be classified to create the foundation for this review. In order to answer whether about if entrepreneurship can even be taught, queries need to be made on what exactly is taught and how can it alter the mind set of attitudes towards creativity and risk; fundamental factors of an entrepreneur. In addition, the demographical target audience will also be reviewed over whether they fit into this reviews’ classification of what is an entrepreneur and whether courses can really be designed to teach the spirit of entrepreneurship. This critical review will seek to divulge the definitions of key points to the question and answer them in an argument that supports the theory that can “Entrepreneurship be taught?” Existing Market and E-Business Entrepreneurship is an important part of todays’ modern...
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