...and why different research methods are selected by the author. The author has made logical justification of different research methodology techniques in accordance with the aim and objectives of the research. Research methodology helps the researcher to get a systematic solution of the research problems. Kumar (2008) mentioned research methodology as the science of conducting research. Cottrell and McKenzie (2011) argued good research should be followed by the well-established previous theories. 9.1 Research Process According to the onion model of Saunders et al (2009), a good research should generally consist of valid and justified research philosophy, research approach, research strategy, research design and data...
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...Business Research RES/351 Business Research With looking to open a new Tattoo shop in the Plymouth area, we need to look at many things before we can open the doors. We must consider our research problem and purpose, our research design, sampling methods, the analysis of our research, and any ethical considerations we need to look at. With this information, we want to see if Plymouth is the right place for us to open our Tattoo shop and it being a profitable location. There are many questions to ask with opening a new tattoo shop, from what is a good location to what our profit margins would be. One-research question to ask is; do we have clientele in the same location as where we want to open our business? This is an important question because even though people are willing to travel to get a quality and personal tattoo, local clientele still account for profits. A second question to ask is; will we gain profit at this location? As in any business, we are in it to make profit, not debt. A third question to ask is; is there competition in the area? We as new business owners need to know if there are any other tattoo parlors in the area where we would like to open up, and if so, what kind of service and body artwork are they offering? Are they the same type of body art we are going to offer our clientele? A fourth question to ask is; what will it cost to open the doors for the first year? The last question is the most important question we need to ask ourselves...
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...Other Descriptive Research Methods l Developmental research l Case study l Job analysis l Observational research l Correlational studies ~Developmental Research l Is the study of changes in behaviors across years. l Infancy, childhood, adolescence, as well as, elderly.� The total human life span. l Longitudinal � follow same individuals over time l Cross-sectional � select different participants at each age level ~Longitudinal designs l Are time-consuming l Drop out rate l Participants become increasingly familiar with the test items l Items may cause a change in behavior ~Cross-Sectional Studies l Are less time-consuming l A cohort problem exists: are the environmental circumstances the same for all the cohorts l Either the longitudinal or cross-sectional studies can also be experimental as well as developmental (covered in chapter 17) ~Methodological Problems of Developmental Research l Unrepresented scores: Called outliers Occur in all research but more common in developmental research (children and seniors) Caused from shorter attention spans, distraction, and lack of motivation to do the task.� Plan the testing session within a reasonable time Prevent distractions Retest when one occurs Unclear Semantics Using words that the children will understand Understanding what is expected of them must be a concern Lack of reliability In younger children�s response Performances should be the same when...
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...~One of the goals of science is description (other goals include prediction and explanation). Descriptive research methods are pretty much as they sound — they describe situations. They do not make accurate predictions, and they do not determine cause and effect. There are three main types of descriptive methods: observational methods, case-study methods and survey methods. This article will briefly describe each of these methods, their advantages, and their drawbacks. This may help you better understand research findings, whether reported in the mainstream media, or when reading a research study on your own. ~Observational Method With the observational method (sometimes referred to as field observation) animal and human behavior is closely observed. There are two main categories of the observational method — naturalistic observation and laboratory observation. The biggest advantage of the naturalistic method of research is that researchers view participants in their natural environments. This leads to greater ecological validity than laboratory observation, proponents say. Ecological validity refers to the extent to which research can be used in real-life situations. Proponents of laboratory observation often suggest that due to more control in the laboratory, the results found when using laboratory observation are more meaningful than those obtained with naturalistic observation. Laboratory observations are usually less time-consuming and cheaper...
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...CHAPTER 3 Methods and Procedures This chapter explains the methods and procedures of the research. This includes the method used which is the descriptive method. The number of participants together with their profiles. The instrument used during the survey and interview. The validation of the instrument and gathering the data in information needed in the research Method Used This descriptive type of research utilized interviews, questionnaires and observation in the study. To illustrate the descriptive type of research, Creswell (1994) guides the researchers when he stated: Descriptive method of research is to gather information about the present existing condition. The purpose of using this method is to describe the nature of a situation, as it exists at the time of the study and to explore the cause/s of particular phenomena. The researchers chose to use this kind of research to obtain first hand data from the respondents so as to formulate conclusions and recommendation for the study. Participants of the Study There were fifty (50) participants in counducting the study. These were the local residents of the place in Malolos Bulacan. Sampling Technique The purposive sampling technique is used in this study. This method targets a particular group of people. The purpose of this method is to select the people of interest and the people who suit the purpose. The criteria used in selecting respondents are the following: * Residents of the place. * Those eighteen...
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...RESEARCH DESIGN OPENING QUESTIONS 1. What is a research design and what are the kinds of basic research designs? 2. How can the basic research designs be compared and contrasted? 3. What are the major sources of errors in a research design? 4. How does the researcher coordinate the budgeting and scheduling aspects of a research project? 5. What elements make up the marketing research proposal? 6. What factors should the researcher consider while formulating a research design in international marketing research? 7. How can technology facilitate the research design process? 8. What ethical issues arise when selecting a research design? AUTHOR’S NOTES: CHAPTER FOCUS This chapter provides an overview of research design. A definition and a classification of research designs are presented. The differences between exploratory and conclusive research designs are discussed. The three basic types of research designs, namely exploratory, descriptive, and causal, are described and a comparative analysis of these designs is presented. The potential sources of errors in research designs are covered in some detail. The budgeting and scheduling of a marketing research project, as well as the preparation of a marketing research proposal, are covered. This chapter is similar to competing texts with regard to the material on the basic types of research designs. It is different in that it presents a comparative analysis of these designs and also gives a unified treatment...
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...This part focuses on the research designs, methods, sampling and data collection procedures for the study. 3.1 STUDY SITE This study will be conducted in Mahalapye in the Central District of Botswana. 3.2 STUDY DESIGNS The study utilised the descriptive research design. According to Barbie (2010) descriptive design focuses on describing situations. The descriptive designs in a social research are geared to answer the “what, where, when and how” questions normally asked in research. Furthermore, Bickman and Rog (1998) also suggest that descriptive studies can answer questions such as “what is” or “what was.” This research design was therefore chosen as most of the questions in this study are the “what” questions. For instance the study will...
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...As mentioned above, while quantitative methods are good at answering these four types of questions, there are other types of question that are not well suited to quantitative methods: 1. The first situation where quantitative research will fail is when the problem needs to be analysed in depth. Quantitative research is good at providing information in breadth from a large number of units. But when it comes to exploration of a problem or concept in depth, quantitative methods are too shallow. To get really under the skin of a phenomenon, the best suited methods are, ethnographic methods, interviews, in-depth case studies and other qualitative techniques. 2. As stated earlier, quantitative research is well-suited for the testing of theories and hypotheses. What quantitative methods cannot do very well is to develop hypotheses and theories. The hypotheses to be tested may come from a review of the literature or theory, but can also be developed using exploratory qualitative research. 3. If issues to be studied are particularly complex, an in-depth qualitative study, like a case studyis more likely to pick up on this than a quantitative study. This is partly...
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...RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: In this section detailed of data ,research design in ordered to test hypothesis After literature review, identifying variables and developing hypothesis and theoretical frame work this section explain what to do and how to do. Research design offers guideline to researcher to gather and analyze data in order to answer research questions (Sekaran and Bougie, 2010). Collis and Hussey (2009) identified methodology as the “overall approach to the entire process of the research study”. Research methodology is focused around the problems to be investigated in a research study and for this reason is varied according to the problems to be investigated. Research philosophy If research reflects the philosophy of positivismthen...
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...MANAGEMENT LDP 603: RESEARCH METHODS LECTURER: PROFESSOR GAKUU GROUP 2 ASSIGNMENT PRESENTED BY: NAMES REGISTRATION NUMBER MUSYOKA BENEDETTA NTHENYA : L50/79819/2015 ANN WAMBUI GICHORA : L50/79827/2015 GITOBU MWIRIGI JAMES : L50/79831/2015 MICHENI MERIBA MWENDE : L50/79816/2015 DONALD SAMUEL OLUOCH : L50/79910/2015 NDUNGU ARTHUR GACHERU : L50/79979/2015 CYNTHIA ONYANGO : L50/79888/2015 IDRIS MOHAMUD : L50/79826/2015 NGARIRA WINNIE : L50/79926/2015 MANIU DANSON : L50/80167/2015 QUESTION: Group 2: Differentiate between the various types of research and research classifications. DUE DATE: 3 August 2015 NTRODUCTION Research is a systematic inquiry to describe, explain, predict and control the observed phenomenon. Research involves inductive and deductive methods. Inductive methods analyze the observed phenomenon and identify the general principles, structures, or processes underlying the phenomenon observed; deductive methods verify the hypothesized principles through observations. The purposes are different: one is to develop explanations, and the other is to test the validity of the explanations. (Gall, 1996) Research is the systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions (oxford dictionary) One thing that we have to pay attention to research is that the heart of the research is not on statistics, but the thinking behind the research. How we really want...
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...Business Research Methods – Part I University of Phoenix July 5, 2010 Introduction Business research is very important in solving business related problems. Business research, “is a process of planning, acquiring, analyzing and disseminating relevant data, information, and insights to decision makers in ways that mobile the organization to take appropriate actions, that in turn, maximize business performance” (Cooper & Schindler, 2006). Nonprofit organizations are currently having a tough time in this economy because of budget cuts. One place in particular suffering is the YMCA. This business research plan will form a research question, which arose from this dilemma as well as define the problem the YMCA is currently having. Along with the research question, an appropriate research design will be defined in order to try to fix the problem appropriately and then a sample design used for collecting data will be defined. Research Question Development When conducting research of any kind, it is crucial to address any potential problems that may arise to ensure that an organization is operating at its optimal level. Because of the turmoil in the economy, nonprofit organizations all over the nation are experiencing a tough time due to budget cuts. In addition to a lower budget there has been a significant decrease in employee satisfaction possibly due to a decrease in raises and incentives for YMCA employees. Finally, there has been an increase in employee absenteeism...
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...There are three main types of research methodology: qualitative, quantitative and the mixed method approach. Qualitative research is collecting, interpreting and analysing data based on observing what people do or say. On the other hand, qualitative research refers to the meanings, definitions, metaphors, characteristics and description of things (Thomas, 2003). While, mixed research uses both qualitative and quantitative methods and blends the resulting data in certain ways (Jick, 1979). The design for this research is the use of a descriptive and interpretive focus group analyses through a mix method approach. The focus and purpose of the research is to analyze the usage of renewable energies throughout the Caribbean as an alternative energy...
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...Research means search for facts, answers to questions and solutions to the problem. It is a purposive investigation and an organized inquiry. It seeks to find an explanation to an unexplained phenomenon to clarify the doubtful facts and to correct the misconceived facts. The term ‘Research’ should be used in a technical sense as an academic activity. (C.R Kothari, 2009 [58]) According to Clifford Woody Research consists of: • Defining and redefining problems. • Formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions. • Collecting, organising and evaluating data. • Making deductions. • And Reaching conclusions • Carefully testing the conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulating hypothesis. Characteristic of Research- (Research Methodology,...
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...CHAPTER III RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY This chapter discusses the design utilized for this study and essential details of methodology. It includes discussion of the research design, locale of the study, respondents of the study, research methods/instruments used, data gathering procedure, and statistical tools employed in analyzing and interpreting the data gathered. Research Design The researchers used the descriptive or qualitative method to describe the level of computer games exposure and the level of academic performance of the Grade V players. Locale of the Study This study was conducted in the different schools in Pagadian City. Respondents of the Study The identified population of the study was made up of the Grade V pupil s from mentioned schools who are officially enrolled for the School Year 2016-2017. Yet, only a total of 30 respondents who were finally covered to serve as the final sample. Research Instruments To determine the significant impact of computer games exposure to the academic performance of the Grade V learners, the following instruments were used: self-made questionnaire checklist and the average grades of all the respondents for the 1st grading period. Data Gathering Procedure In accordance with research protocols, the researchers sent a letter (noted by the adviser) to principal of the school requesting permission to conduct the study. After the questionnaires were administered, the researchers proceeded to tallying, tabulation...
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...Questions Chapter 1 Q1) What is marketing research? Marketing research is gathering and analyzing data to help make marketing decisions. Q2) What is the relationship between the marketing concept and the existence of marketing research? Marketing concept means that the company only introduces what consumers need and want. To know what consumers need and want you should apply marketing research. Q3) What is the importance of marketing research? The importance is to study the change of the external environment and the continuous change of people’s tastes to make better marketing decisions. Q4) What are the 3 roles of marketing research 1) Descriptive role 2) Diagnostic role 3) Predictive role Q5) What is the relationship between marketing research and the marketing environment? Marketing research aims to study the marketing environment to make better marketing decisions rather than using judgments. Q6) What are the types of marketing research? 1) Applied: to better understand the market (Specific) 2) Basic: To expand knowledge (General) Chapter 2 Q7) List the different steps of the market research process? 1) Identifying the problem, objective, and hypothesis 2) Creating the research design 3) Creating the research method 4) Selecting the sampling procedure 5) Collecting data 6) Analyzing the data 7) Writing the report 8) Follow-up Q8) Briefly define each step, what are the major...
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