...PRO Designer Babies Designer babies are the concept that involves the isolation of human embryos from a willing human donor. The individuals involved in the process are allowed to choose the traits and the genes that they desire to be present in the embryo and the eventual baby. The idea is technically called the liberal eugenics. Genetic engineering was incorporated in certain species of plants to modify crop yields and improve resistance to certain crop diseases. The scientists inserted a given gene into plasmid bacteria to ensure that the plant cell assumed the new DNA. The technology has allowed many plant species to thrive in harsh conditions, including cold, hot, and effectively resist pests. There are different edible foods, which have been designed through the technology. The last century has recorded discoveries that have involved immense benefits on human lives. The findings involve the use of genes, which refer to the reason behind the different characteristics and features among different humans. However, the new technology involves knowledge, which facilitates an alteration of the human characteristics. Humans have benefited from the technology of designer babies by elimination of the harmful genes as experienced in 2001 in Los Angeles. Contrarily, religion nd the society continue to question the social and moral well-being of creating a child with the traits that the parents desire. The opponents of the technology argue that genetic technology is uncertain and...
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...The Solutions to Designer Babies Perfection in terms of procreating was once a sky limit that was unreachable. In the pursuit of procreating the most perfect children, today’s society has proven this limit to be attainable. The issue of “designer babies” has shaken not only are nation’s values on the introduction of new children into the world, but also our unity as a society on this subject. Designer babies could arise problems in diversity around the world, the outnumbering of women in some countries, and social advantages to the wealthy. Split into two sides, our society continues to shift between what we believe is right and wrong regarding this new form of perfection. The future of genetic engineering (gene therapy) or “designer babies”...
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...It all started with eugenics, the idea that the human population would improve if only those with desirable traits would reproduce. Eugenics is a form of controlled breeding with the goal of creating the perfect human, to essentially improve humanity. Designer babies do share a common goal of eugenics, the desire to improve humanity. However, just because both designer babies and eugenics share a common goal, does not mean designer babies are a reincarnation of eugenics is exaggerated. The purpose of allowing designer babies is to eliminate generic diseases and saving thousands of lives, hence, improve...
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...place by collecting eggs from the mother which are then fertilized in vitro with the father's sperm. After a successful fertilization, many genetic tests, called pre-implantion genetic diagnosis or PGD, are run to determine if the embryo has any defects such as down syndrome, heart issues, spina bifada, deafness and blindness. If the embryos pass this stage, they go into more indepth and specific tests. The parents set out a list of desirable and undesirable characteristics such as hair colour, eye colour, and skin colour, height and even their build. In some cases, the parents can select their future child's attitude, temperment and other characteristics. In some places, genetically modified babies are banned. There are many ethical issues associated with eugenics, often called "designer babies" amoung activist groups, religious organizations and average citizens of Earth. 2007 in...
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... these genetic-modified mice learned things significantly faster from the environment and retained knowledge longer than other mice (Saenz, 2009). More importantly, some experts claim that similar technologies are within reach of creating designer babies in decades (Tokar, 2001). The term of “Designer Baby” is defined as the genetic modification of embryos in order to artificially...
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...tube baby (designer baby),is born in Colorado (Bonnie, 2003). Recently in 2010, the creation of the first synthetic life form has been announced by a group of scientists at the J. Craig Venter Institute (sample, 2010). Genetic engineering is the study of modifying the genetic of cells, in order to produce enhanced organisms. It modifies the genetics' structure of an organism by making changes to DNA. This new creation of DNA is injected in plants, animals, or humans, in order to create enhanced crops, animals, or prevent genetic diseases. One of the major fields in genetic engineering is the human field. According to Asch, a biochemistry researcher in Canada, the study of genetic modification in humans involves changes in the DNA, in order to prevent disease, alter human body structure, and changes the human him/herself (Asch, 2011). What about designing a new baby? Dr. Jeff Steinberg,...
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...Is genetic engineering ethically right? Genetic engineering was first discovered in the 1970’s and since then ethical questions been raised regarding the process and results. Some people are excited by the possibilities of genetic engineering while others believe the process is unethical and should be banned as they claim scientists are ‘playing god’. Ethics is the philosophical study of what is morally right or wrong. It is a system of moral principles. They affect how people make decisions and lead their lives. Philosophers tend to divide ethical theories into three areas; meta-ethics, normative ethics and applied ethics. This was first done by David Hume the philosopher who argued how we should look at ethical situations. “Meta-ethics looks at the meaning of language used in ethics, and raises questions about truth. Normative ethics tries to find practical moral standards that we can all live our lives by. These are also called ethical theories. Applied ethics is the application of theories about whether something is right or wrong in specific issues.” Distance Learning Centre, Ethics Pack, 2012. In the 1960’s a professor, Joseph Fletcher founded the theory Situation Ethics. In Situation Ethics right and wrong depend on the situation. There are no universal moral rules or rights, each case is unique and deserves a unique solution. “Situation Ethics is all about agape or love. You should always do the most loving thing” Distance Learning Centre, Ethics Pack, 2012. There...
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...| Should parents screen for desirable genetic traits in their offspring? | | | | | | Critical Thinking 11 June 2012 Final Project As technology advances and scientists carry on with everyday research in medicine, a new way of life is created. With simply a test tube and perfectly selected genes a family can welcome their designer baby to the world with open arms. Should parents screen for desirable genetic traits in their offspring? Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) also known as a designer baby is a genetic modification that is used to alter anything from gender to disease, even appearance, personality, and IQ. The Oxford Dictionary defines the term 'Designer Babies' as "a baby whose genetic makeup has been artificially selected by genetic engineering combined with in vitro fertilization to ensure the presence or absence of particular genes or characteristics." According to Wall Street Journal, “PGD is a technique whereby a three-day-old embryo, consisting of about six cells, is tested in a lab to see if it carries a particular genetic disease. Embryos free of that disease are implanted in the mother's womb. Introduced in the 1990s, it has allowed thousands of parents to avoid passing on deadly disorders to their children.” Are you willing to pay the price to have this perfect child? Many do not but the few that do, fully support it. Despite the limited amount of knowledge and awareness of the potential threats that are to be had by going...
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...Lemonick called Designer Babies, he talks about how genetically modifying babies could be bad for our world, and there would be no diversity. Lemonick says, “within a decade or two, it my be possible to screen kids almost before conception for enormous range of attributes, such as how tall they’re likely to be, what body type they will have, their hair and eye color, what sorts of illnesses they will be naturally resistant to, and even conceivably, their IQ and personality type”(Lemonick). In this article he is stating all the genetic modifying that is possible, and its quiet scary. Being able to know your babies IQ level, or illnesses is something I don’t feel comfortable knowing about ahead of time. If we start genetically modifying children more they will have no individuality, they will all be the same Build-A-Bear and nothing setting them apart from each other. Overall, genetically modifying babies will not be such a good thing for the future of our world in my...
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...This disease is diagnosed in 152 babies in the UK per year and 778 babies in the US per year (Spark). Mitochondria are supposed to convert food and oxygen into life sustaining energy. When those mitochondria aren’t working properly, functions of the body which need a lot of energy are affected greatly. Symptoms of this disease may include loss of motor control, muscular dystrophy, seizures, liver disease, cardiac disease and many more (Foundation). These symptoms can take many years to show up in a child’s life. Some don’t know they have the disease until they are 10 years old whereas others may...
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...SBI4U May 21st, 2013 My Sisters Keeper Every day people face challenges that are affected by what we feel is morally right or not. One topic in particular however, is an ongoing battle of ethical morality and this topic has to do with the problem surrounding the reasons for designer babies. A designer baby is defined as “a baby whose genetic makeup has been artificially selected by genetic engineering combined with in vitro fertilization to ensure the presence or absence of particular genes or characteristics". (Web Source) Some people say that this process is unnatural and should never have even been created. Others say that this process is the way of the future, and that everyone should undergo this operation. Whichever side people lie on, there are valid points for both sides of the argument. Personally, I believe that children should not be produced for medical reasons under any circumstances because it would create an in equality amongst society, it could cause harmful long term effects and it takes away the child’s rights. Firstly, if this process gained popularity it would create an inequality amongst society and create children with added benefits. The process that creates designer babies is called Vitro Fertilization and it involves “monitoring and stimulating the development of healthy egg(s) in the ovaries. Then collecting the eggs and securing the sperm. Then combining the eggs and sperm together in the laboratory and provide the appropriate environment for fertilization...
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...Running head: DEAF PEOPLE SHOULD NOT USE SPERM DONOR WHO IS LIKELY TO GIVE THEM A DEAF CHILD Deaf People Should Not Use Sperm Donor Who Is Likely to Give Them a Deaf Child Course number and title Instructor’s name University Date Nowadays the topic ‘to design’ or ‘not to design’ a deaf child turns the debate over designer babies, providing various specialists, such as genetics counsellors, ethicists, scientists and others with a dilemma. Some stated that it is immoral to prohibit people creating a deaf child, but others are sure that it is a right step and it will help to change contemporary situation in better side. I agree with the last group of people and think that Deaf People should not use sperm donor who is likely to give them a Deaf child. The are two different categories of deaf people, one are ordinary people with hearing disabilities, while others are unusual people, who identify themselves as ‘Deaf’ with a capital ‘D’. Both groups are people with hearing disabilities, but their attitude to this question is quite different. The last consider that their Deaf status is a kind of their special culture, their special world and people should to respect their wishes, but society is observing this issue from different side and is disagree to allow the appearance of deaf children by their parents’ wishes. Debating this topic it is important to think about true nature of things and remember the beginning of our life on the planet. Centuries...
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...Although many countries do not allow this like New Zealand, America and many others do. This opens up the idea of “designer babies”, children who would have the most desirable genetics. They would be smart, sporty and attractive, all because PGD got out of hand. As T S Petersen said in his column in the Journal of Medical ethics, “as researchers refine pre-implantation diagnosis techniques for genetic diseases, it will be difficult, if not impossible, to contain the uses of such research (there is already considerable pressure to permit preimplantation diagnosis for sex selection for “elective” purposes). There will likely be increasing pressure, whether subtle or overt, on people to take advantage of these techniques and not to bring even a mildly disabled child into the world, particularly if the disabilities will entail higher medical costs paid by third party insurers.” Through this statement we can see that it is highly possible for people to take advantage of PGDs technology, this could lead to discrimination of people with disabilities and this idea of designer babies coming into action. If people can pick a baby's sex, where can we draw the line? Hair colour, eye colour? Some argue that it is a great advancement in science, but is going against nature the right thing to do, especially just because...
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...psychological target segmentation to further identify its market. Using class, women and success as goals for the seduction of average whiskey consumers. 2- Positioning: A kick-start to Johnnie Walker's recent success stems from the decision to more clearly define its positioning target. The brand was one of the first alcoholic beverages to dig deep into customer insights resulting in its “Keep on Walking” campaign and a new direction for the brand. That direction was built around the idea that men continually face challenges in the journey of life and that the journey is as important as the destination. The initiative tapped into an emerging sense that success was not marked by status, but rather personal development. 3- Opinion: In my opinion, Johnnie walker is the most known brand regarding the whiskey industry. As for their marketing strategy, I believe it is really creative and innovative; it reaches to all the people as a motivation to keep on going. The prices are more than fair, since there are many different labels to suit everyone’s needs and their promises are worth the money!! Brand 2: Nestle 1- Targeting segmentation: Market segmentation reveals the firm’s market opportunities. Then the firm sort market targeting by evaluating the many types market segments and deciding which and in which quantity segments it will target. Nestle examined the different type of market segments on the...
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...Genetic Engineering: Designer Babies What if the world were free of genetic diseases, or if it was a place where parents could control their offspring’s height, hair color and intelligence? The science may be closer to being available then some people think. Genes sometimes interact in ways that human may never completely understand, so we never know what might happen. Society could become a place with designer babies, unforeseen genetic problems and a genetically enhanced society where only the rich benefit. So even though human genetic engineering has potential benefits the interference in a person’s genetic makeup is too risky, moral debates arise, and it could throw off the sociological balance of our world. The world’s first designer baby was born in 2000, a test tube baby named Adam Nash. He was altered by the use of a technique called the Pre-Implantation Process. He was born to save his older sister’s life, because she suffered from a low blood count disorder and was in dire need of a bone marrow transplant. The Nash family sparked the ethical debate over the alteration and the use of a baby’s genes, a debate that has since grown in argumentative evidence for and against the development of a possible worldwide lawful altering of baby’s genes. Consequently, there are many issues with the ideas put forth. The eradication of genetic diseases is a very exciting; it poses a great socioeconomic balance of out world. For example, for the disabled who have been the way they...
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