...history of Development CG The term of corporate governance not just been introduced but it also drew attention of the public about the weaknesses of Malaysian corporate governance practice due to the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997. After 1998, the government of Malaysia decided to adopt the corporate reforms to enhance the quality of good corporate governance practice in the country. The main sources of the Corporate Governance reforms agenda in Malaysia other than Malaysian Code on Corporate governance are the Capital Market Master Plan (CMP) and also Financial Sector Master Plan (FSMP). This sources provides guidelines on the principles and best practices in corporate governance and the direction for the implementation as well as charts for the future prospects of corporate governance in Malaysia. Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance is an initiative that established by the Financial Committee on Corporate in 1998. This committee is consists of both government and also industry. MCCG was introduced on March 2000. This code brought a systematical change in structure of public and also private corporation. The principles underlying the report focus on four areas which are board of directors, directors’s remuneration, shareholders and accountability and audit. Compliance with the code is not mandatory. However, the listed companies in Bursa Malaysia are required to prepare their annual report on how they have applied the principles and best practices set out in the code and also...
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...How far did US presidents hinder rather than help the development of African Civil rights in the period from 1865-12? It can be said that US presidents significantly hindered rather than helped the development of African Civil Rights in the period from 1965-1912 because the Presidents after Andrew Johnson and Ulysses S. Grant did not sustain the 14th Amendment which said that African Americans were equal citizens with equal rights and the 15th Amendment stated the right to vote was not to be denied on the account of race, colour or previous conditions of servitude and loopholes allowed the southern state governments not to enforce the amendments, in which the Amendments were flawed in the fact that the southern states where able to find these loopholes and to exploit these loop holes so that the African Americans did not receive their Civil rights. A major loophole was in the 15th amendment as it did not forbid states to introduce literacy, property and educational tests for would be voters and did not guarantee all men the right to vote and did not outlaw voting discrimination on the grounds of gender and property ownership so southern states devised complex rules and imposed additional voting requirements. Therefore this enabled the southern governments to introduce black codes which included grandfather clauses, poll tax and literacy tests which denied the African Americans of their civil rights such as blacks where banned from schools and not allowed to vote and had no...
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...Administrative organs in Kazakhstan. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Legal System of Kazakhstan 2.1. Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2.2. Constitutional Laws 2.3. Codes 2.4. Other Normative Acts 3. State Order in the Republic of Kazakhstan 3.1. Presidency 3.2. Parliament 3.3. Government 3.4. Constitutional Council 3.5. Judicial Authority 3.6. Local Public Administration and Self-Administration 1. Introduction The Republic of Kazakhstan is a transcontinental country located in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. The territory covers 2, 7 million square kilometers and country is ranked as the 9th largest territory in the world. It is neighbored clockwise from the north by Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and also borders on a significant part of the Caspian Sea. The population is approximately 17 million people, including Kazakh, Russian, Uyghur, Ukrainian, Uzbek, and Tatar. Approximately 63% of the population consists of Kazakhs. The capital city was Almaty up until 1997, when it was changed to Astana. The official state language is Kazakh. In state institutions and local self-governing bodies, Russian language is used on equal grounds with the Kazakh language. According to the 2009 census, 70.2% of the population is Sunni Muslims, followed by 20.6% Orthodox Christians, 0.1% Buddhists, 0.2% others (mostly Jews), and 2.8% non-believers. The Kazakh khanate was formed in the 15th century and had 3 tribal divisions...
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...The Minstrel Shows and entertainment industry reflected the widely accepted the social differences of the time between blacks and whites and ultimately lead to the development of many black stereotypes. The conclusion of the Civil War brought huge social changes for African Americans. The 13th amendment abolished slavery, thus freeing all African Americans from their former slave masters. However, not all people followed suit with the new amendment, and the rights of the blacks varied throughout the...
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...proclaimed loyalty to the Union and support the emancipation of slaves. Once 10 percent of voters signed the oath in the election 1860, it could create a new state government and reenter the Union according to (Schultz 2012). Another major turning point was industrialization. (Schultz 2012) states that the Civil War stimulated the industrial development, with the expansion of the railroad and numerous scientific breakthroughs. The third major turning point during this period was the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln. (Schultz 2012) Lincoln was shot while watching a play at Ford’s Theater in Washington D.C. With the death of Lincoln, Andrew Johnson became the next President, and he had no concern for the future of the black people in America according to (Schultz 2012). Two major historical turning points on America’s current society are the adoption of the Fifteenth Amendment and advertising. (Schultz 2012) says the Fifteenth Amendment prohibited any state from denying citizens the right to vote on the grounds of race, color, or previous conditions of servitude. To think where the country would be if the Fifteenth Amendment would have never been adopted, and put into place. There are still many facets of prejudices and racism that the country and world face today, and it is very sad, but this gave the ability to vote, and to think this country would not have the first African...
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...Corporate governance is an area that has been growing apace in the last decade or more and there has been great interest in corporate governance today from governments, investors and directors alike. Why and how have the law and regulatory bodies in Malaysia kept abreast with these latest developments? Discuss. * S167A Companies (Amendment) Act 2007 stipulates companies to set up effective internal control system to prevent any unauthorized usage of assets and to maintain proper records for the assets. * However, the agency issue among listed companies in Malaysia lies within the controlling shareholder. Expropriation of …. * However, companies such as YTL Corp, Celcom, Yeo Hiap Seng, which are controlled by individuals with strong political connections or family owned companies, usually do not disclose accurate executive remuneration packages. Hence, agency costs may arise as there is a high possibility that majority controlling shareholders will provide high remuneration packages for themselves at the expense of the minority shareholders * * Rachagan. S. (2007) “Controlling Shareholders and Corporate Governance in Malaysia: Would the self-enforcing model protect minority shareholders?”, The Corporate Governance Law Review, 3(1). Corporate governance is a term that refers to the rules, process or laws by which businesses are operated, regulated, and controlled. It describes the rules and practices put in place within a company to deal with the relationships...
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...done because there are some experiments conducted and test that may go against human surroundings making them unethical. If an experiment or test causes aspects of mental disturbance, ethical aspect has not been followed and it should not be carried out(APA, 2001). In the ethical awareness inventory, my ethical perspective is most closely aligned with equity and is least closely aligned with results. Personal Ethics, Principles, and Code of Conduct Personal ethics is what an individual believe what is right and what is wrong. Ethics can have an effect on the use of psychological standards to personal, religious, social, and organizational issues. In psychology, there is an ethical code of conduct, which professionals are required to obey. This code of ethics apply to the professionals activity they are engaging in. According to “Ethical Principles Of Psychologists And Code Of Conduct 2010 Amendments” (2011), “Examples of activities in which the ethical code of conduct would be precedent are clinical, counseling, research, policy development, forensic activities, program design and evaluation, and...
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...Philippines Law Historical Overview Introduction The Philippines, an archipelago of 7,107 islands (about 2,000 of which are inhabited), with a land area of 115,600 sq m, has a population of 76.5 m. Some 87 major dialects are spoken all over the islands. English and Filipino are the official languages with English as the language of instruction in higher education. According to the 2000 census, the functional literacy rate is 83.8%. Agriculture constitutes the largest single sector of the economy. The country has a total labour force of 64.5%. The Philippine legal system is aptly described as a blend of customary usage, and Roman (civil law) and Anglo-American (common law) systems. The civil law operates in areas such as family relations, property, succession, contract and criminal law while statutes and principles of common law origin are evident in such areas as constitutional law, procedure, corporation law, negotiable instruments, taxation, insurance, labour relations, banking and currency. In some Southern parts of the islands, Islamic law is observed. This particular legal system is the result of the immigration of Muslim Malays in the fourteenth century and the subsequent colonization of the islands by Spain and the United States. Historical Background Philippine legal history may be categorized according to the various periods in the political history of the country: the pre-Spanish period (pre 1521); the Spanish regime (1521-1898); the Philippine...
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...the beginning of the development of the United States, there have always been at least two or three different types of races talked about in almost every historical event. The United States would not be what it is today without unity, and the combination of all of the different type of culture and races that it carries. In the process of building this land, the Americans had help from people that they brought over from Africa in which they turn into slaves. These people were called African Americans, people of color, and Negros. African Americans lived under the rule of the White American people. They served them, and did everything that they were told to do. Many did not know how to read nor did they know how to write. Living as an African American in those times was like not living at all. Many were killed, raped, and treated like animals. With the United States progressing there was another process in the making. With the help from their own people, legislatures, and many other types of movements, African Americans were able to accomplish ultimate freedom. As they came into slavery, they stayed slaves for many years. African Americans worked day and night, not as people but as property. The nation was very much divided in the 1860s because the south highly supported slavery while the north did not, and that division helped bring on the civil war. The war ended but that did not mean the winner got what they wanted. In 1865, The Thirteenth Amendment that outlawed slavery...
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... Intervenor/Petitioner, v. TIMOTHY B. BOSTIC; TONY C. LONDON; CAROL SCHALL; and MARY TOWNLEY, Respondents. ________________________________ ON WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT ________________________________ BRIEF FOR THE RESPONDENTS ________________________________ Law Student Counsel for the Respondents QUESTION PRESENTED Whether Virginia’s Marriage Laws, which prohibit same-sex couples from marrying or entering a civil partnership in Virginia or in any other jurisdiction, violate the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment when: * Virginia’s constitution limits marriage to one man and one woman; * Virginia’s code prohibits same-sex marriages or civil unions; and * Virginia’s code refuses to recognize same-sex marriages or civil unions lawfully consummated in other jurisdictions. TABLE OF CONTENTS page QUESTION PRESENTED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii TABLE OF AUTHORITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv OPINIONS BELOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
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...IMPLICATIONS OF NEW TURKISH COMMERCIAL CODE ON CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND IFRS CONVERSION IN TURKEY ACCOUNTING 7140 X, SPRING 2013 I have participated in preparing this paper and concur with its contents: Print name Signature Abstract Globalization brought many changes in many aspects of human life. The introduction of internet made the borders between countries slimmer and slimmer. E-commerce and other international commerce tools opened new cases and new issues to be discussed in the areas of finance, accounting, financial reporting, auditing and corporate governance. That is why, modifying, updating, and advancing the current Turkish Commercial Code (TCC) became a necessity in order to be capable of addressing the contemporary challenges of today’s world. To adapt these changes, Turkish Regulatory bodies introduced a new Turkish Commercial Code. The New Turkish Commercial Code (New TCC) aims to regulate commercial relations in line with the recent changes in the local and global business environment as well as technological and legal developments including the European Union (EU) legislation. Particularly the Company Law section of the New TCC includes the most radical changes in the whole law which will have a significant impact on the Turkish commercial life. These radical changes introduced by the New Turkish Commercial Code will have significant effects on the accounting, finance, financial...
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...Reconstruction: The Post War Era Lindsay Pone Professor Goldstein History 105 Strayer University 01/30/2013 Reconstruction: The Post Civil War Era Friday April 12, 1861, America embarked into war with its biggest adversary; America! The American Civil War broke out, and what was believed to be a quick battle by the North, turned out to be a long bloody four years and left the country devastated. President Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the United States, successfully lead this country through its greatest constitutional, military and moral crisis. Everything he did was in the best interest in preserving this nation to what it is today. If President Lincoln task of preserving the union would have failed, our nation would be a split nation today. All the events of the Civil War are what truly shaped the face of America today. The President knew that if he wanted to preserve this nation as a whole, not only would he have to win the war, but he would have to have a plan in place to immediately fix the nation to help it move forward from war. During his time in the white house and towards the end of the war, when it was evident the North would prevail, he worked on a reconstruction plan to get the South up and moving. During the war, the northern armies had gone through the South destroying everything that would help the south to prevail in the war. The agricultural belt that was the strength of the was nothing more than ashes as...
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...Kenya Communications Amendment Act (2009) Progressive or retrogressive?1 by ptah Association for Progressive Communications (APC) September 2009 1 This report was written as a part of APC’s Communication for influence in Central, East and West Africa (CICEWA) project, which is meant to promote advocacy for the affordable access to ICTs for all. CICEWA seeks to identify the political obstacles to extending affordable access to ICT infrastructure in Africa and to advocate for their removal in order to create a sound platform for sub-regional connectivity in East, West and Central Africa. This was possible thanks to Canada's International Development Research Centre (IDRC). Contents Preface.................................................................................................................3 1. Introduction.......................................................................................................4 2. Background to ICT policy making in Kenya.............................................................5 3. To regulate or not to regulate the media in Kenya? ................................................6 3.1. A failure of media responsibility? ....................................................................6 3.2. Key media concerns.......................................................................................7 3.2.1. Section 88: Inheriting the problem ..........................................................7 3.2.2. Enforcement...
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...differently by the physician if they choose an alternative provider or entity. Physicians should make referrals to providers based only on the needs of the patient and the medical standard of care in order to provide quality health care to their patients. References: Stark 42-USC-1395nn 42 C.F.R. 411.350 et seq. Stark 42-USC-1320a-7b 42 C.F.R. 1001.951 American Medical Association Council on Long Range Planning and Development in cooperation with the Council on Constitution and Bylaws, and the Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs. Policy Compendium. Chicago: American Medical Association, 1999, E-8.00, 106-111. Code of Medical Ethics, Current Opinions and Annotations, Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs, American Medical Association: 95, 108-112. The Physician Ownership and Referral Act (PORA) Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code §650.01 Stark II Regulations: The Good, The Bad & The Ugly, Law Watch, Foley Lardner Weissburg & Aronson, Jan. 15, 1998. Disclosing Physician Financial Incentives, JAMA, 1999;281: 1424-1430. Adopted by the Board of Trustees, 9/24/99 Amendments adopted by the Board of Trustees, 2/21/04 POLICY 33 Disclosure of Financial Interest in Prescribed...
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...Entrepreneurship Development Foundation Public Finance Monitoring Center Baku Political Research and Advocacy Center With support of Center for International Private Enterprise (Washington D.C., USA) National Endowment for Democracy NATIONAL bUSINESS AGENDA for the improvement of the business climate in Azerbaijan in 2009 (1st edition, September 2008) CONTENTS |Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………. |3 | |1. Institutional reform …………………………………………………………….. |4 | |2. The introduction of European definitions of small businesses ……………………………………………………………………………... | | | |5 | |3. Regulatory reform ………………………………………………………………... |6 | |4. The improvement of the tax regime …………………………………….. |7 | |5. Reform of the licensing system ……………………………………………. |10 | |6. Improvement of property registration system ……………………...
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