...1- What is object-oriented analysis, and how does it differ from structured analysis? Object Oriented analysis is “the examination of a problem by modeling it as a group of interacting objects. An object is defined by its class, data elements and behavior. For example; in an order processing system, an invoice is a class, and printing, viewing and totaling are examples of its behavior. Objects (individual invoices) inherit this behavior and combine it with their own data elements.” ( (The Computer Language Company, 1981-2012) Object-oriented analysis (OOA) applies object-modeling techniques to analyze the functional requirements for a system. “Analysis is done by identifying the use cases and detailing a flow of events for each. Also, an initial set of functional test cases is specified, to serve as a vehicle for checking that the implementation is complete and basically correct. Analysis culminates in identifying classes implied by the use cases, and documenting them using an Analysis Class Diagram.” (Russell C. Bjork Professor of Computer Science, 2004) The difference is in object oriented analysis the data is combined in a process that acts on the data in the object whereas structured analysis treats the process and the data as separate components. 2- Describe the phases of the system development life cycle, and compare the SDLC waterfall model with the spiral model? “The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a conceptual model used in project management that...
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...Assessment 1: Risk Management Plan Development and Operation of a Nuclear Power Plant (Taking Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Japan as an example to make a risk management) Student Name : Cong Danh Bui Student ID :11381581 Lecturer : David Eager Abstract This report will give out a risk management plan for the development and operation of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Japan, based on the AS/NZS ISO 31000:2009 standard. The report will begin with the definition of communication and consultation task before coming to the establishing the context, which is to define risks in term of finding the internal and external factors or some risk criteria that influencing in risks management. After that, risk assessment is implemented, including identification, analysis and evaluation. Then, some treatments will be applied to adjust those risk event. Finally, recording the process as well as monitoring and review, the crucial task in every risk management, is done to make sure that the management can bring efficiency in improving the control. Figure 1. Risk Management Process (Source NS/NZS ISO 31000:2009) Word count: 2600 words – excluding abstract, reference and appendix Appendix I. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………......3 1.1. Power Plant Information……………………………………………………………………...4 1.2. Construction Details…………………………………………………………………………..5 II. Communication and Consultant………………………………………………………………..6 III. Establishing the Context…………………………………………………………...
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...nagementpm4dev, 2007 –management for development series © The Project Management Processes PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATIONS The Project Management Processes PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATIONS A methodology to manage development projects for international humanitarian assistance and relief organizations © IMPACTO4DEV 2007 Our eBook is provided free of charge on the condition that it is not copied, modified, published, sold, re-branded, hired out or otherwise distributed for commercial purposes. Please give appropriate citation credit to the authors and to PM4DEV. Feel free to distribute this eBook to any one you like, including peers, managers and organizations to assist their project management activities. www.pm4dev.com The Project Management Processes PROJECT MANAGEMENT PROCESSES Project management is a process of leading a team of capable people in planning and implementing a series of related activities that need to be accomplished on a specific date with a limited budget. Because of its nature, coordinating all these activities requires a process approach. Because many times development project take on unexplored territory, assumptions about the project must be listed, evaluated, its risks assessed and contingency plans developed. It also requires a close monitoring of the budget, scope and schedule to deliver the project objectives under the expected quality. Each one of these elements needs to be managed in a systematic...
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...paper, an analysis of the current project risk management Procedure followed by the Spanish Business Unit of an automotive multinational company, which manufactures steering wheels and airbag modules. Different changes are established in the current procedure for the purpose of defining and implementing a project risk management procedure more useful and efficient. Introduction In the competitive business environment, organizations are seeking to get and stay ahead of the competition by making significant advances in the products and services, and operating as efficiently as possible. Many businesses use projects as vehicles to deliver that competitive advantage. Clearly each organization wishes to move ahead as quickly as possible, and that involves taking risk as the business exposes itself to a range of uncertainties that could affect whether or not it achieves its desired aim. Risk can be broadly defined as the probability of variation surrounding an anticipated outcome. Risk has been examined across multiple Disciplines, including economics and management. Within the project management context, the important thing is not keep risk out Projects, but to ensure that the inevitable risk associated with every project is at a level which is acceptable, and it is effectively managed. A project risk management includes the processes concerned with identifying, analyzing and responding to project risk. It...
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...when developing software is critical to the success of an organization History The Systems Life Cycle (SLC) is a type of methodology used to describe the process for building information systems, intended to develop information systems in a very deliberate, structured and methodical way , reiterating each stage of the life cycle. The systems development life cycle, according to Elliott & Strachan & Radford (2004), " originated in the 1960s, to develop large scale functional business systems in an age of large scale business conglomerates. Information systems activities revolved around heavy data processing and number crunching routines" . Several systems development frameworks have been partly based on SDLC, such as the Structured Systems Analysis and Design Method (SSADM) produced for the UK government Office of Government Commerce in the 1980s.Eversince, according to Elliott (2004), " the traditional life cycle approaches to systems development have been increasingly replaced with alternative approaches and frameworks, which attempted to overcome some of t he inherent deficiencies of the traditional SDLC" . Systems Development Life Cycle The systems development life cycle (SDLC) is the overall process for developing information systems from planning and analysis...
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...Agency Name Project Name Risk Assessment and Management Process (RAMP) Version: (n) Date: (mm/dd/yyyy) Document History and Distribution 1. Revision History |Revision # |Revision Date |Description of Change |Author | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2. Distribution |Recipient Name |Recipient Organization |Distribution Method | | | | | | | | ...
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...Applications and Security Development Life Cycle Plan What are the elements of a successful SDL? The elements of a successful SDL include a central group within the company (or software development organization) that drives the development and evolution of security best practices and process improvements, serves as a source of expertise for the organization as a whole, and performs a review (the Final Security Review or FSR) before software is released. What are the activities that occur within each phase? Training Phase- Core Security Training Requirements Phase- Establish security requirements, create Quality Gates/Bug Bars, perform Privacy Risk assesments. Design Phase-Establish Design Requirements, perform Attack Surface Analysis/Reduction, use Threat Modeling Implementation Phase- Use approved tools, Deprecate unsafe functions perform static analysis Verification Phase- Perform Dynamic Analysis, Perform Fuzz Testing, Conduct Attack Surface Review Release Phase- Create an incident Response Plan, Conduct Final Security Review, Certify release and archive Response Phase- Execute Incident Response Plan Phase Activities Roles Tools Requirements - Establish Security Requirements -Create Quality Gates/Bug Bars -Perform Security and Privacy Risk Assessments -Project Managers -Security Analysts -Microsoft SDL Process Template for Visual Studio Team System - MSF-Agile + SDL Process Template Design -Establish Design Requirements -Perform Attack Surface Analysis/Reduction -Use...
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...BSA 310 Application Development Project Plan Template Version [This BSA 310 project plan template is intended to be used as a guide for planning and managing real world software development projects. This plan is not a real plan and should not be used without modifications required for your unique project. Table of Contents 1 Overview 3 1.1 Project Objectives 4 1.2 Project Constraints 4 1.3 Project Risks 4 2 Proposed Solution 5 2.1 Business Requirements 5 2.2 Architecture 6 2.3 Development 6 2.4 Testing 6 2.5 Deployment 8 3 Project Resources 8 3.1 Roles and Responsibilities 8 3.2 Issue Escalation 8 3.3 Project Staffing Plan 8 3.4 Project Materials 8 4 Project Approach 9 4.1 Development Model 9 4.2 Configuration Management 9 4.3 Communication Management 10 4.4 Change Management 10 4.5 Testing 10 4.6 Documentation 10 5 Estimate 11 6 Schedule 11 1 Overview The intent of this document is to provide a sample application development project plan. The scope of this document covers the project planning phase and demonstrates how Business Systems Integration and its associated development might be incorporated into key project documents. This document also provides a possible structure for presenting: • Project deliverables • Project risks and opportunities • Estimates • Project resource information • Project delivery method • Configuration and change management A project manager would generally use this section...
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...What is the Spiral Model? The Spiral Life Cycle Model is a type of iterative software development model which is generally implemented in high risk projects. It was first proposed by Boehm. In this system development method, we combine the features of both, waterfall model and prototype model. In Spiral model we can arrange all the activities in the form of a spiral. Each loop in a spiral represents a development phase (and we can have any number of loops according to the project). Each loop has four sections or quadrants : 1. To determine the objectives, alternatives and constraints. We try to understand the product objectives, alternatives in design and constraints imposed because of cost, technology, schedule, etc. 2. Risk analysis and evaluation of alternatives. Here we try to find which other approaches can be implemented in order to fulfill the identified constraints. Operational and technical issues are addressed here. Risk mitigation is in focus in this phase. And evaluation of all these factors determines future action. 3. Execution of that phase of development. In this phase we develop the planned product. Testing is also done. In order to do development, waterfall or incremental approach can be implemented. 4. Planning the next phase. Here we review the progress and judge it considering all parameters. Issues which need to be resolved are identified in this phase and necessary steps are taken. Why spiral model is called meta model? Spiral model is also...
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...Paper Entitled RISK MANAGEMENT M.Tech-2nd Sem Computer Science and Engineering Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar Submitted by: Parul Garg Table of Contents |Topic Name |Page No. | |Abstract |3 | |Introduction |3 | |Need of Risk Management |3 | |Risk Management Process |4-6 | |Popular Risk Management Models |7-8 | |Riskit Method |8-12 | |Conclusion |12 | |References |13 | Abstract: The risk management in software project is a crucial activity because if any risk becomes true, it can hamper the growth of project as well as its organization. This paper presents the basic concept of risk, need for risk management and its...
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...RISK MANAGEMENT GUIDE FOR DOD ACQUISITION Sixth Edition (Version 1.0) [pic] AUGUST, 2006 Department of Defense Preface The Department of Defense (DoD) recognizes that risk management is critical to acquisition program success (see the Defense Acquisition Guidebook (DAG), Section 11.4). The purpose of addressing risk on programs is to help ensure program cost, schedule, and performance objectives are achieved at every stage in the life cycle and to communicate to all stakeholders the process for uncovering, determining the scope of, and managing program uncertainties. Since risk can be associated with all aspects of a program, it is important to recognize that risk identification is part of the job of everyone and not just the program manager or systems engineer. That includes the test manager, financial manager, contracting officer, logistician, and every other team member. The purpose of this guide is to assist DoD and contractor Program Managers (PMs), program offices and Integrated Product Teams (IPTs) in effectively managing program risks during the entire acquisition process, including sustainment. This guide contains baseline information and explanations for a well-structured risk management program. The management concepts and ideas presented here encourage the use of risk-based management practices and suggest a process to address program risks without prescribing specific methods or tools....
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...Risk Factor Analysis— A New Qualitative Risk Management Tool John P. Kindinger, Probabilistic Risk and Hazards Analysis Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory John L. Darby, Probabilistic Risk and Hazards Analysis Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory Introduction Project risk analysis, like all risk analyses, must be implemented using a graded approach; that is, the scope and approach of the analysis must be crafted to fit the needs of the project based on the project size, the data availability, and other requirements of the project team. Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) has developed a systematic qualitative project risk analysis technique called the Risk Factor Analysis (RFA) method as a useful tool for early, preconceptual risk analyses, an intermediate-level approach for medium-size projects, or as a prerequisite to a more detailed quantitative project risk analysis. This paper introduces the conceptual underpinnings of the RFA technique, describes the steps involved in performing the analysis, and presents some examples of RFA applications and results. project activity flow chart to help organize the RFA. The flow chart defines the tasks to be modeled and their interrelationships for the project schedule analysis. WBS and schedule tasks may be consolidated and/or expanded to explicitly highlight those tasks and influences that are expected to have a significant technical risk and/or significant uncertainty in schedule or cost performance. The flow chart is developed...
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...Software Risk Management: Principles and Practices BARRY W. BOEHM, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency I) Identzhing and dealing with risks early in development lessens long-tem costs and helps prevent so@are disasters. It is easy t o begin managing risks in your environment. their early stages, the software field has had its share of project disasters: the software equivalents of the Beauvais Cathedral, the hWlS Titanic, and the “Galloping Gertie” Tacoma Narrows Bridge. The frequency of these software-project disasters is a serious concern: A recent survey of 600 firms indicated that 35 percent of them had at least one runaway software project.’ Most postmortems of these softwareproject disasters have indicated that their problems would have been avoided or strongly reduced if there had been an explicit early concern with identifylng and resolving their high-risk elements. Frequently, these projects were swept along by a tide of optimistic enthusiasm during their early phases that caused them to miss some clear signals of high-risk issues that proved to be their downfall later. Enthusiasm for new software capabilities is a good thing. But it must be tempered with a concern for early identification and resolution of a project’s high-risk elements so people can get these resolved early and then focus their enthusiasm and energy on the positive aspects of their product. Current approaches to the software process make it too easy for projects to make high-risk commitments...
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...Waterfall Software Development Life Cycle Model The simplest software development life cycle model is the waterfall model, which states that the phases are organized in a linear order. A project begins with feasibility analysis. On the successful demonstration of the feasibility analysis, the requirements analysis and project planning begins. The design starts after the requirements analysis is done. And coding begins after the design is done. Once the programming is completed, the code is integrated and testing is done. On succeeful completion of testing, the system is installed. After this the regular operation and maintenance of the system takes place. The following figure demonstrates the steps involved in waterfall life cycle model. The Waterfall Software Life Cycle Model With the waterfall model, the activities performed in a software development project are requirements analysis, project planning, system design, detailed design, coding and unit testing, system integration and testing. Linear ordering of activities has some important consequences. First, to clearly identify the end of a phase and beginning of the others. Some certification mechanism has to be employed at the end of each phase. This is usually done by some verification and validation. Validation means confirming the output of a phase is consistent with its input (which is the output of the previous phase) and that the output of the phase is consistent with overall requirements of the system. The...
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...Case Study 3: Risk Management on a Satellite Development Project Machelle L. Green Prof. N. Lattus Human Resource Project Management August 22, 2013 Importance of Having a Risk Plan Risk management involves performing SWOT analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats relating to details of project planning, financing, construction, operation and transfer (Duff, 2013). The Satellite Development Project developed a risk plan early in the beginning of their project phase. They focused on four core unknowns such as cost, time, scope and resources. If the Development Project had not developed a risk plan that focused closely on avoiding issues with the four core unknowns, there are many risks that could have occur and delayed the project. The first risk involves whether the project has been properly planned, adequately priced and funded (Duff 2013). The cost of a project is an issue that definitely would have developed without the team being preparing for the risk. The cost of carrying out a project is largely dependent on the funding made available to secure the project. The idea of reducing the cost of funding for the project makes the stakeholders happy as well as all involved as it contributes to the success of the project. Time is as important as the plan itself. The Satellite Development Project had a tight time line for production. Often time lines are needed to give each development a chance to produce the final product...
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