...Childhood: Impact of Early Intervention on Childhood Development Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a growing concern for children in their preschool years. Children of young ages undergo many developmental changes during the ages of two through five. These changes are significant for their growth and maturity. They include cognitive, social, and behavioral development as well as development in executive functioning. Sustaining a traumatic brain injury during these years can pose as a direct risk of developmental deficits in any or all of these areas. After an extensive literature review, it was found that most of the previous research resulted in areas of consensus. These areas compare the how TBI severity and the age of the TBI effect developmental. Results from multiple studies show that the more sever the TBI, the more prevalent the developmental deficiencies (Gerrard-Morris, A., Taylor, H., Yeates, K., Walz, N., Stancin, T., Minich, N., & Wade, S., 2009; McKinlay, A., Grace, R., Horward, L., Fergusson, D., & MacFarlane, M., 2008; Morse, S., Haritou, F., Ong, K., Anderson, V., Catroppa, C., & Rosenfeld, J., 1999; Taylor, H., Swartwout, M., Yeates, K., Walz, N., Stancin, T., & Wade, S., 2008). It is also found that children injured in early childhood are more vulnerable to developmental deficits, According to Taylor et. al (2008), a younger age at the time of injury is a predictor of worse outcomes. Although many researchers in this field have shared the previous findings...
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...A Case Study using the Schedule of Growing Skills II Tool, in the Student’s own Clinical Practice Area. Introduction to the problem, a literature review. The term developmental delay is used to identify children that are significantly delayed in meeting developmental milestones. In children it is a major problem worldwide with an estimated prevalence rate of 3% (MacDonald & Rennie, 2011). In the United Kingdom 3% of school aged children are identified as having a special education need associated with either a learning difficulty or an autistic spectrum disorder (National Statistics, 2012). Early detection by professionals is deemed to be of great importance as recognised in a recent government drive with health visiting (DoH, 2011). It is also important because studies have highlighted the substantial benefits that early intervention can offer to children with varying needs (Camilli et al, 2010; Anderson et al, 2003). Therefore despite the implementation of child health surveillance services (Mackrides & Ryherd, 2011; Hamilton, 2006), in clinical practice, children are not being detected before they start school. In the UK and in the student’s own area of clinical practice developmental screening is undertaken by health visitors as part of the Healthy Child Programme (HCP). It is viewed as the core health service for protecting, promoting and improving the health and well-being of children (Department of Health, 2009). A review of...
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...APPLICATION OF NURSING THEORY TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: THE SELF-CARE MODEL OF DOROTHEA OREM Introduction The purpose of this paper is to discuss the application of Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Model of Nursing to clinical nurse practice. The central thesis of the paper is that Orem’s theory has strong utility for application to modern day clinical practice and can be applied to most any case in order to attain the desired medical and caring outcomes. The presented discussion will support this perspective of Orem’s theory. The paper begins with a brief overview of the theory which is then followed by a delineation of a non-nursing theory that supports one or more of Orem’s self-care notions. The next section of the paper presents a historical overview of the evolution of Orem’s theory, a delineation of the concepts central to the metaparadigm, and an exploration of the theory’s usefulness in education and research. The final section of the paper applies the theory to a particular case. A model of the theory is presented in Appendix A. Orem’s Self-Care Theory Alligood and Marriner-Tomey (2001) state that conceptual or theoretical models of nurse practice are pivotal to the field, providing the profession with a guide to patient care and with a general frame of reference that connects the structural environment to the patters of behavior and relationships within the organization. The Orem Self-Care Model of Nursing (Orem, Taylor & McLaughlin, 2003) is one such model. According...
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...Developmental History Case Study A child’s developmental history provides descriptions of when and how the child achieved certain milestones, such as rolling over, crawling, and responding to sounds. Developmental histories also aid in the diagnosis of developmental disorders (Texas Autism, 2009). Saundra Moskoff recently analyzed the developmental history of Brittney Hoffman. This case study details the risks and developmental complications, the probable results of deficits, long-term consequences associated with disorders and illnesses, and the potential issues for Brittney based on the responses within the developmental history. Risks and Complications The developmental history contains nine areas: demographic information, primary caregiver/parent information, family history, childcare, pregnancy, birth, development, medical history, and medical care. Demographic Information Brittney’s demographic information indicates she lives in a middle-class neighborhood and attends a local preschool. A child’s environment greatly effects his or her development (Santrock, 2010). Healthy relationships within a loving family and the opportunity to interact with other children are essential qualities in the life of a child. Living in an impoverished neighborhood is a developmental risk factor. If the developmental history reported Brittney lived in an indigent neighborhood, an assessment in the areas of physical needs such as nutrition and personal hygiene may indicate neglect...
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....Family Case Study: The Friedman Family Assessment Model (Stanhope, Appendix E pg 1035) provides you with one example of the types of data that need to be collected to conduct a family assessment. This assessment tool is useful when the nurse is assessing the family from a public health or community-based perspective. For this written assignment you will apply the Friedman Family Assessment Model to your own family. This paper is designed to expand upon your knowledge of family as client. Upon completion of the assessment you will reflect on how you define ‘family’ and how your definition of this influences your nursing practice. 1. Conduct an interview of your family, using the Friedman Assessment Model 2. Write a 6-8 page scholarly paper supported by a minimum of 5 current (within 5 years) scholarly references 3. Base your results on the interview with your family using the outline below. Make sure that you have covered all areas of the outline below: Family Case Study Paper: A. Identifying Data 1. Include your name 2. Identify family composition (complete family composition form) 3. Discuss cultural/ethnic/religious background 4. Identify social class status 5. Discuss family’s recreational or leisure time activities B. Developmental and Environmental Data 1. Identify family’s present developmental stage 2. Describe the extent of developmental tasks fulfillment 3. Discuss nuclear family’s history 4. Discuss history...
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...In addition to the three case studies, Nivedita Swaroop Cawand conducted a comparative study between children using an adaptive seating device during therapy sessions, and those who did not. This study focused on the impact of including the newly designed adaptive seating device, known as the D chair, during occupational therapy sessions for children with Down syndrome (Cawand, 2014). The D chair was redesigned to provide comfort and proximal stability at the child’s trunk, allowing the child to focus on developing fine motor skills (Cawand, 2014). Twenty-eight children were evenly split into an experimental group and a control group; the main focus of both groups focused on improving fine motor skills. The fourteen children in the experimental...
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...Running head: BENCHMARK ASSESSMENT Benchmark Assessment Brandy M. Green Diagnosis and Assessment in Special Education (SPE 536) Latanya Barkley June 26, 2013 Case Study 1: Student in Early Childhood Special Education Over the course of time it became very clear to Sean Smith that two of his three sons had issues with learning. At first his son Ben was diagnosed with Autism, yet nothing seemed to change for him at first. While his son Ken, seem to have trouble from the time he was a year old and should have been learning to focus on his parents and others around him, soon Ken was also diagnosed with Autism. This is where Ken’s story begins; his brother’s Ben story will be seen again in Case Study 2. Ken’s journey begins in 2010 when he was diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. He was then given a vision and hearing screening to access him for possible preschool placement. While Ken passed his vision screening it was noted that he only briefly looked at people yet he did show excitement when seeing his parents or computer games. He seemed attracted to bright colors and appeared to use his left hand most of the time. He also passed his hearing screening and was then ready to undergo his Special Education Eligibility Report. Ken’s journey toward special education placement began with his first Developmental Report. This is where Ken’s parents asked for him to be evaluated for special education due to significantly delayed speech and communication skills...
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...Poverty at the University of Wisconsin. An earlier version of part of this paper appeared as part of Office of Population Research Working Paper No. 93-5, Princeton University, June 1993, which contains supplemental analyses and is available from the authors. We thank participants in seminars at the University of Maryland, the University of Michigan, Princeton University, the National Bureau of Economic Research in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and the 1993 meetings of the Population Association of America for their comments. Abstract The authors describe developmental deficits in early childhood associated with long-term poverty in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY). They compare estimates of the effects of long-term poverty (based on a thirteen-year average of income) to estimates of the effects of poverty based on a single year of income (at the time of developmental assessment). They find substantial developmental deficits among children who, on average, are poor over a number of years relative to those who are not. These deficits are approximately twice as large according to the longterm income measure as compared to those based on the single-year measure, and are not explained by differences in maternal education, family structure, maternal behaviors during pregnancy, infant health, nutritional status, or age of...
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...considerations, the use of norms, cultural bias etc. Methods: where you explain the methods used, reasons for choice, limitations, strengths and weaknesses. Results: evaluate the child's holistic development, list the three areas of development, physical, social and language, discuss the links between these areas, refer to the stages of development and child development theory in making your judgments. Discussion: summarize your findings, make recommendations for the child's learning and development. Bibliography Overall: mention why is it important to observe young children, what might the information be used for? What rights does the child have when being observed. Abstract Observation is a popular research tool that is used to study the behaviour of children; renowned theorists such as Vygotsky, Piaget, and many more child physiologists have used this tool for their research, allowing them to come up with significant insights, resulting in theories that continue to influence psychology and education today....
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...What the Literature Says About Juvenile Sex Offenders The following articles, factsheets, and studies have been compiled to assist attorneys and individuals working on behalf of youth charged with sexual offending. The information contained in these resources aim to help others realize the fundamental differences between adult sex offenders and juvenile sex offenders, which include positive responses of juveniles to treatment, low recidivism rates of juveniles and negative impact of registries on youth development. It is our hope that this information will be used to improve legal outcomes for juvenile sex offenders, and uphold the purpose of the juvenile justice system as a rehabilitative, not punitive, system. PUBLICATIONS BY TOPIC Recidivism Rates/Amenability to Treatment Judith V. Becker, What We Know About the Characteristics and Treatment of Adolescents Who have Committed Sexual Offenses, 3 CHILD MALTREATMENT 317, (1998). The author states that comprehensive data does not exist to support the notion that if adolescents commit one sexual offense, they will go on to develop a pattern of sexual-offending behaviors or develop a psychosocial disorder. Michael F. Caldwell et al., An Examination of the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act as Applied to Juveniles: Evaluating the Ability to Predict Sexual Recidivism, 14 PSYCHOLOGY, PUBLIC POLICY AND LAW 89, (2008). This study compared 91 juvenile males who had been treated in a secure correctional treatment program for...
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...people are in place to protect these individuals from being abused or exploited in some way and by using strategies these are able to reduce the risk of abuse, and help children and young people realise they have a ‘right to be safe, secure and free from harm’. (Snaith.M, 2010) Moreover, It can be shown wherever possible the importance of working alongside parents and families of children and young people in order to acknowledge trust and respect from them. This ensures that parents and families believe therefore everyone is working together for the good of the child or young person in danger. A strategy that could be considered in relation to the case study is to encourage the development of parenting skills. This would be beneficial for the parents of baby K as parenting skills do not come naturally to many people. Within the case study, as the nineteen year old is seen to be a young mother and with mild learning difficulties this could mean she sometimes does not understand what a child may need, this can be shown through the mother lacking the understanding of how to wean the child and the inappropriate meals and lack of stimulation for baby K. In order for her to begin to develop these skills a strategy would be to attend parental classes. These are there to provide a variety of coverage on topics, in order to give parents the valuable advice needed to raise children. This could include basic care needs such as ‘bathing,...
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...type of background information was used in this report (e.g., developmental history, significant historical events that impacted the ability to develop/learn)? (iii) What accommodations/modifications were proposed for teachers? (iv) What other information was important/informative in this report in terms of instructional, behavior, and/or social implications? (c) Use standard essay format in APA style, including an introduction, conclusion, and title page. An abstract is not required. Cite in-text and in the References section. (2) Case Study 2: Student in the Process of Transitioning (a) After obtaining permission from the student’s parent(s), attend a transition assessment of this student (who is having a transition plan done). Answer the following questions in your case study: (i) Which assessment was given? (ii) What is the purpose of this assessment? (iii) What are the reliability and validity percentages of this assessment? (iv) How do the results of this assessment determine/influence decisions with regard to transition? (v) What are some of the protocol rules you observed (e.g., Can the assessor offer cues? Is the assessment timed?). (b) After obtaining permission from the student’s parent(s), attend the transition meeting for this student, and answer the following questions in your case study: (i) Who attended the meeting? (ii) What was the purpose of the meeting? (iii) How did the assessment results drive decisions with regard to transition? (c) Use standard...
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...situational leadership self assessments were completed to determine the authors situational leadership style. The discovered leadership style will be applied to a scenario in which a change to curriculum is being implemented in a school. Situational Leadership According to Northouse (2010) situational leadership calls for different types of leadership depending on the situation the leader finds themselves in. Northouse (2010) also states that “the essence of situational leadership demands that leaders match their style to the competence and commitment of the subordinates.” The idea is that leaders must be able to adapt depending on the situation and their subordinates. The purpose of this paper, in part, is to analyze the results of two situational leadership assessments to determine the author’s leadership style. The leadership style determined will be used within a scenario that involves changes to a course’s curriculum. The implementation of the changes will be hypothesized using the author’s determined leadership style. The author’s discovery of their situational leadership style is very important. It will enable the author to have a better understanding of how to lead in different situations. The author will also be implementing changes within courses at their school so the scenario will also provide some insight for those changes. Summary of Self Assessments The first assessment results were tricky to decipher. The assessment had weight questions each...
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...Autism Spectrum Disorder Out of the estimated 12-16% of developmental and behavior disorders that children may develop, autism spectrum is one of the common ones. Autism spectrum disorder is one the neurodevelopmental disorders that begins in early childhood and are characterized by impaired social interactions and communication, with restricted interests, activities, and behaviors, and repetitive patterns of behavior. (Ball, Bindler, Cowen, p.865). As recently as 1990, autism was considered a rare and hopeless disorder. The prevalence was thought to be 1 in every 2500 children. (Bell, p.1) Today, on average, about 1 in every 100-150 children are diagnosed with this disorder. (Ball, Bindler, Cowen, p.865). Where does this disorder come from?...
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...4) Evaluate how effective assessment centres are for the selection of staff Introduction As business goes, so goes employee assessment. Manufacturing and service industries are expanding around the world, and companies are reaching beyond their own borders to buy, sell, and produce. This growth poses new challenges and new opportunities for assessment centre methodology. Whether you like it or not, traditional interviews are becoming a thing of the past. Instead, the majority of today's graduates can expect to be exposed to a day or two at an assessment centre. The assessment centre, as an approach to selection, has in recent years become very popular due to the results of better job selection in terms of predicting future job success or job performance. Loathed by most and feared by many, this complex form of appraisal system consists of job simulations, presentations, personality tests, role-playing, one-to- one interview and group discussions. So is the experience really as unpleasant, unfair and nail-biting as it appears? Let’s consider this particular methodology more thoroughly. The nature of assessment centres The assessment centre is not, as its name might imply, a place, nor is it a single unified method of predicting job performance. Essentially, an assessment centre is a structured combination of assessment techniques that are used to provide a wide-ranging, holistic assessment of each participant. However, in practice, each attribute is analysed out of the...
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