CH 13
What is Organizational Structure?
-Organizational structure: how job tasks are formally divided, grouped, and coordinated.
-The structure can represent a tall pyramid, or it can be relatively flat. The structure determines the reporting relationships of people. Flat organization 에서는, 내 위에 있는 사람에게 문제를 알리기 쉽다. 하지만, pyramid structure 에서는, 내 위에 사람에게 말하고, 그 사람이 또 그 위에 사람에게 말하고.. 계속 이렇게 되다 보면, 전해야 하는 내용이 바뀔 수 있는 단점이 있다.
-There are six key elements that managers need to address (다루다) when they design their organization’s structure: work specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, span of control, centralization and decentralization, and formalization.
-Organizations do change their structure from time to time, which is known as restructuring.
-Despite the profound impact restructuring has on employees, managers realize that in a dynamic and changing environment, inflexible organizations end up as bankruptcy (파산) statistics.
Work Specialization
-Work specialization (division of labour): the degree to which tasks in the organization are subdivided (다시 (적게) 나누다) into separate jobs.
- The essence of work specialization is that, rather than an entire job being completed by one individual, it’s broken down into a number of steps, with each step being completed by a separate individual. Individuals specialize in doing part of an activity rather than entire activity.
-Employee skills at performing a task improve through repetition. It is easier and less costly to find and train workers to do specific and repetitive tasks. This is especially true of highly sophisticated (세련된) and complex operations.
-Work specialization increases efficiency and productivity by encouraging the creation of special inventions and machinery.
-Work specialization이 항상 최고의 선택은 아니다 왜냐하면, it can lead to boredom, fatigue (피로), stress, low productivity, poor quality,