APOSTASY MOVEMENT:
After the Prophet’s death, some of the people rose in revolt against the authorities in Medina and renounced Islam. Abu Bakr, without any delay, launched an expedition against this movement. After collecting the troops at Medina, he divided them into eleven battalions each with an experienced commander, and sent them in eleven different directions to crush these revolts. He instructed each commander to first invite these tribes to Islam. If any refused to comply they were to be attacked. Some of the tribes accepted Islam but the others were stubborn and were dealt with harshly. All campaigns were successful and Abu Bakr was able to re-establish control of Islam throughout the Peninsula.

FALSE PROPHETS:
In the last days of the Prophet’s life some misguided people arose to claim prophet hood. When Abu Bakr was elected as the Caliph they started their preaching openly. Among these false prophets were Tulaiha, Aswad Ansi, Musailamah and Sajjah. Tulaiha belonged to the Banu Asad tribe in the northern Arabia. An army under Khalid bin Walid was sent which met them at Buzaka. After a fierce battle Tulaiha’s army surrendered and he himself fled to Syria. He embraced Islam during the time of the second Caliph.
Aswad Ansi belonged to the Ansi tribe in Yemen. He was an ugly man who kept his face veiled all the time. He was nicknamed ‘’the veiled prophet’’. Being leader of his tribe he revolted with the cooperation of the neighbouring chiefs. He was the first false prophet who collected a large army in open revolt against Islam. He was defeated and killed by the Muslims.
The most dangerous of the false prophets was Musalima. He belonged to a tribe of central Arabia. His tribe accepted him as a prophet. Abu Bakr sent Shurbhil and Ikramah to crush the rebellion; later Khalid bin Walid joined them. Musalima,s army was defeated after a fierce battle at Yamamah in 633AD.Musalimah was killed. In this battle about 800 Muslims were martyred. Amongst them were 360 Huffaz (memorizers of the Holy Qur’an).
Sajjah was a woman who belonged to the Bani Tamim tribe. She claimed to be a prophetess and succeeded in mustering a large following. When Musalimah heard about her claim he invited her to Yamamah. They decided to join forces and later Musailma married her which ended her adventure of prophet hood and she lived in obscurity for the rest of her life. When the Muslims conquered Iraq she entered the circle of Islam along with her tribe.

ADMINISTRATION: * Laid the foundation of a truly democratic state. * Always took advice from the great companions of the Prophet in all important matters. * Divided the state into provinces, each had a governor. * The governor was responsible for military and administrative affairs. * Governer had an ‘’amil’’ to collect taxes and ‘’qazi’’ to administer justice. * All commanders and governors were selected on merit. * He offered himself and his officers for strict accountability. * He built a ‘’bait-ul-maal’’ (treasury) to collect revenue. * Established military cantonments and maintained a reserve force. * Expanded the Muslim Empire to Iran Syria and Rome. * Ensured the safety of non-Muslim subjects and allowed them to perform their religious duties. * His annual income was 6000 Dirhams which he returned to the state by issuing instructions to sell a piece of land he owned when he was on his death bed.