...Historical Perspectives of the Diagnosis of Asthma in Children 1. Introduction: The causes of Asthma: Looking at some recent reports of asthma disease, most of the acute exacerbation because cold and phlegm caused by dysfunction of the lungs which occurred in sputum of asthma. Chronic repeatedly patients mostly offset organs function. Its complex etiology occurs due to some reasons of genetic, physical fitness, diet, environment, age, and other factors related to work and rest, and emphasize internal and external consistency due to infestation. Asthma patients in the onset of the disease is often accompanied by an abnormal increase in serum IgE, IgE is the primary antibody of Ι type hypersensitivity, when its binding to the antigen, mast cells and basophils release of large amounts of biologically active substances, causing a series Asthma disease symptoms, but also by the synthesis of IgE Ts cell regulation (Huang Zhiying 2011). The physiological basis of Asthma: There are many different causes of bronchial obstruction, which is the synonymous of asthma, such as bronchospasm, abnormalities, new growths, swelling of the bronchial mucosa and so on. Some causes may result in mechanical obstruction by new growth, foreign bodies and congenital abnormalities. There are also some secondary obstructions such as mucous secretions, bronchial mucosa swelling and bronchospasm. The reaction of bronchi to irritation with a kind of inside defense mechanism by human body. To antagonize...
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...breathing. With a previous diagnosis of asthma, her medications include an albuterol inhaler which she uses 3 to 5 times a day for the past 3 months. Her 14 point system review was unremarkable except for the chest which revealed wheezing on inspiration and expiration. It was noted that she was well-developed in mild distress. The differential diagnosis for this patient bronchitis, allergic rhinitis, chronic obstruction pulmonary disease (COPD), and asthma exacerbation. Bronchitis is a respiratory condition that is characterized by inflammation of the lung mucus membrane. Typical symptoms are a persistent coughing, shortness of breath (SOB), chest discomfort, and...
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...elderly, sports, poor posture, osteoporosis, arthritis, disk disease, obesity and poor physical strength. 2. Describe differences between acute pain management and chronic pain management. The differences between acute pain management and chronic pain management are: acute pain can be treated right away and the patient’s pain might be relieved. The patient with chronic pain will have to be treated long term. 3. Identify common concerns related to long-term use of opiod medications. The common concerns with opioid medications are: the risk of drug tolerance, drug abuse, respiratory depression, and accidents related to the use of opioids. 4. What are the top three nursing diagnosis priorities for a patient with an acute exacerbation of chronic pain? The top three nursing diagnosis priorities for a patient with an acute exacerbation of chronic pain are: 1. Acute or chronic lower back pain. 2. Risk for injury due to lower back pain. 3. Risk for social isolation. 5. Identify and explain at least two adjuncts, other than medications, that are used for chronic pain management. Two other treatments that can be used to treat chronic pain are the rotation of hot and cold packs to reduce inflammation, and sooth the pain. The second adjunct treatment is relaxation by giving the muscles a break. 6. Describe the possible impact of chronic pain on the psychosocial, spiritual, cultural, and developmental levels of a patient. The person with chronic pain may withdraw...
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...Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, resulting in bronchial hyperresponsiveness with every allergen exposure. It is now clear that asthma is not a single disease, but rather a multi-faceted syndrome that can be caused by a plethora of biologic mechanisms. In the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma, an array of innate and adaptive immune cells is involved including T lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, bronchial epithelial cells and others. Typically these asthma pathways are associated with eosinophilia and an obvious Th2 cell phenotype that hallmarks most endotypes. Asthma is problematic given that the disease consists of many variants, each with its own etiologic and pathophysiologic factors. These facets create...
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...Running Header: Asthma Paper on Asthma September 10, 2010 Abstract Chronic bronchitis is a preventable disease highly linked to smoking. Once a patient is diagnosed with chronic bronchitis through pulmonary function tests and other exams, it is not curable but there are medications that may help in alleviating symptoms. Chronic bronchitis patients are often referred to as “Blue bloater.” In chronic bronchitis, there is a marked increased in the proliferation of the goblet cells that results in excess mucous production. There is marked inflammation of bronchial mucosa due to infection or chemical inhalation. There is excessive mucus production occurring on most days for at least three consecutive months for two consecutive years. Some medications that are use in the treatment of chronic bronchitis are: adrenergic agents, anticholinergic agents, corticosteroids agents and antibiotics. Since there is no cure for chronic bronchitis at the present time, the prognosis is fair in regards to when the diagnosis is made. If detected early enough steps can be taken to prevent further damages to the lungs. Smoking cessation is a key factor in stopping the progression of the disease. Pulmonary rehabilitation including exercise training and education about the disease and the harmful effect of smoking is an essential component of chronic bronchitis therapy. Paper on Chronic Bronchitis Introduction Chronic Bronchitis belongs to a part of a larger group of diseases called...
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...A 7 year-old female with a two year history of asthma presents to the clinic. She complains of increased wheezing, coughing, and having difficulty breathing. Her medication history entails albuterol HFA 2 every four hours as needed. The last three months has required in an increase to manage her symptoms. It has required 3-5 times a day. She also takes a children’s multivitamin daily and vitamin C tablet daily. On examination she was noted to have inspiratory and expiratory wheezing. After conducting a history and physical there are several differential diagnosis that can be considered at this time. Some of these consist of asthma exacerbation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchitis, and allergic rhinitis. Asthma exacerbation...
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...Identify common concerns related to long-term use of opiod medications. 4. What are the top three nursing diagnosis priorities for a patient with an acute exacerbation of chronic pain? 5. Identify and explain at least two adjuncts, other than medications, that are used for chronic pain management. 6. Describe the possible impact of chronic pain on the psychosocial, spiritual, cultural, and developmental levels of a patient. Asthma 1. What are the risk factors for asthma? 2. Describe routine nursing care that would be appropriate for a homecare patient. 3. Describe education a patient requires to self-administer nebulizer treatments. 4. What are the top three nursing diagnosis priorities for the patient having an asthma attack in the home. 5. Identify three common complications for untreated asthma. Explain the nursing care designed to prevent each of these complications from occurring. 6. Describe the effects of common asthma medications. 7. Prepare for teaching a patient with limited English proficiency how to manage asthma at home. Tuberculosis 1. What are the risk factors for tuberculosis? 2. Describe three different types of tuberculosis and the common treatment recommendations for each. 3. Identify common concerns related to long-term administration of tuberculosis medications. 4. What are the top three nursing diagnosis priorities for a patient with tuberculosis? 5. Describe combination medications for tuberculosis and...
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...treatment before exercise (I), compared to albuterol treatment after exercise (C) in preventing the asthma attacks (O) in school settings during physical education (T) Key words: exercise induced asthma, albuterol, teenage, school setting, and physical education Assignment Questions Guidelines What two guidelines were used? (AHRQ, n.d.) “Pathogenesis, prevalence, diagnosis, and management of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction: a practice parameter.” (John M. Weiler, September 26, 2010) “Evidence-based care guideline for management of acute exacerbation of asthma in children aged 0 to 18 years.” (Acute Asthma Guideline, Cincinnati Children's Hospital...
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...Asthma Introduction In today's society children are faced with many problems in their day to day life. However, there is one disorder that affects many children and can be potentially fatal if not caught and treated correctly. This disorder is call asthma. The National Center for Biotechnology Information defines asthma as, "Asthma is a disorder that causes the airways of the lungs to swell and narrow, leading to wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightening, and coughing." Asthma mostly effects younger boys and effects adult women more than adult males. In the United States there are around 18.7 million children that have some type of asthma, which is about every 1 and 12. The number of people diagnosed with asthma grew by 4.3 million from 2001 to 2009. From 2001 through 2009 asthma rates rose the most among black children, almost a 50% increase. In a study in 2007 there was 3,447 asthma related deaths in the United States. Nine deaths a day were caused by this disorder. There are many different types of treatment that can be used to help cure or manage asthma if diagnosed correctly. Many children do not receive the medication the need due to lack of insurance coverage, no health benefits or they do not get the right diagnosis. Asthma costs in the US grew from about $53 billion in 2002 to about $56 billion in 2007, about a 6% increase. Greater access to medical care is needed for the growing number of people with asthma. Asthma cost the US about $3,300 per person with...
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...increasing shortness of breath, asthma, the need of medication renewal, and establishment of a primary provider. B. History of Present Illness (HPI): The patient reports having increasing shortness of breath for the past week. He states he has had asthma as long as he can remember and with the recent heat and humidity, it has worsened to the point that he has been using his rescue inhaler 6-8 times per day. He reports he began smoking for the past 4-5 months since the unexpected death of his daughter. He states he is not suicidal at this time; however, he does report lack of appetite, troubles sleeping, and feelings of depression. The patient reports...
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...Neighborhood Scholarly Paper: Effective Control of Asthma Using Peak Flow Monitoring Tammy Harris Alvernia University Neighborhood Scholarly Paper: K.Y. Management of Asthma Using Peak Flow Monitoring The client focus of this paper is K. Y. She is an eight-year-old, typical third grader at the local elementary school, where she enjoys playing with her friends. K.Y. lives at home with her father, mother and two brothers. She takes swimming lessons, piano lessons, and enjoys family outings. Bur most of all, K.Y. loves anything that involves animals. Prior to her eighth birthday, K.Y. suffered from ongoing issues with reactive airway disease. This is a term used to describe a history of coughing, wheezing and/or shortness of breath, often used when Asthma is suspected but the diagnosis is unconfirmed. Recently, K.Y. has been officially diagnosed with Asthma, and is having a difficult time understanding why her breathing problem is keeping her from enjoying all the things that she loves. Prior to K.Y.’s diagnosis, the family had two cats that they have since removed from the home. Her mother is well educated on her medications and how to use them. With her daughters’ recent diagnosis, she has also learned how to monitor K.Y.’s peak flow and how to use these results to administer the medications at the most appropriate times. Although K.Y. knows she has a “breathing problem”, there is a great deal of education needed for her to understand her illness and what kind of impact it will...
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...ASTHMA in Adolescents and Adults ASTHMA in Adolescents and Adults Susan Corbridge and Thomas C. Corbridge ASTHMA in Adolescents and Adults Many individuals suffer from a respiratory condition known as asthma and experience the acute and sometimes chronic effects of this disorder. This disorder often presents itself in an individual exhibiting the hallmark signs and symptoms of breathlessness, wheezing and coughing, due to the airway wall being inflamed and smooth muscle bronchospams. At this time it is imperative to assess the situation and take the appropriate action. Research shows that there is various causes to why inflammation and bronchospasm obstruct the airway, making it difficult to pin point any one cause. This article states that atopy has been identified as a risk factor, as well as exposure to allergens can increase or induce an asthma attack (GINA: the Global Initiative for Asthma, Global strategy for asthma management and prevention). There are many factors that can affect any one person with this condition, such as heredity, obesity, smoke, exercise, upper respiratory tract infections, perfumes and certain occupations can trigger respiratory distress with an asthmatic episode. There are other treatment considerations that evaluate and treating other conditions...
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...look for the device that had often relieved your symptoms of asthma, knowing if you do not find your inhaler you could be flopping on the floor until consciousness is lost. Some asthmatics say it feels like your trying to breathe through a straw. This feeling is due to the inflammation caused by a trigger that causes the narrowing of the airway leading to the chest tightness, shortness of breath, wheezing and coughing. Asthma is the most common chronic disease affecting people today. Asthma is described as an epidemic rather than and endemic because it is not restricted by age, sex, racial group or region. Asthma is widespread throughout the world but higher rates of prevalence are seen in African Americans. Asthma can affect anyone, despite the development of new treatment options; asthma remains a major health problem in the United States. According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), about 15 million Americans have or carry a diagnosis of asthma and it is the third leading cause of preventable hospitalizations in the United States. About 500,000 hospitalizations and 5,000 deaths occur annually from asthma, and the mortality rate continues to rise. This rise is especially dramatic in the African-American community, despite the absence of a known racial preference for asthma. It is now well established that under treatment and inappropriate treatments are the leading contributors to asthma morbidity and mortality in the United States. The African-American...
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...Ben Marshall is a 25 year-old male (DOB: 05/03/1993), who was admitted into the emergency department with a principal diagnosis of severe asthma. Before his admission, Mr Marshall was out for a jog, when he developed symptoms of a severe shortness of breath and a constant tightness in the chest. An ambulance was then called, and the patient was then transported to the hospital. The patient complains of severe dyspnoea (severe shortness of breath) however, there was no loss of consciousness. Mr Marshall is a recent university graduate, whom lives with his parents and two younger siblings. Ben is a young adult male, and is very fit and regularly plays competition football. The patient’s current health status was examined upon his admission....
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...Asthma March 21, 2011 Anatomy & Physiology II Asthma Asthma is a chronic lung disease that affects more than twenty two million people in the United States, with more than six million of them being children. Asthma inflames and constricts airways, which are the tubes that carry air in and out of the lungs. When these airways are inflamed and constricted the result is shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. Airways that are inflamed are extremely sensitive and tend to react strongly to certain inhaled substances. The chain reaction of muscles tightening around the airways, inflammation, and increased mucus production typically result in asthma symptoms. Asthma is a serious disease that without proper diagnosis, management and treatment could be fatal. Causes According to the National Health Institute, the exact cause of asthma is still not known. Researchers think that some genetic and environmental factors interact to cause asthma. Some genetic factors that are believed to play a role in asthma are an inherited tendency to develop allergies, or atopy, and having parents with an asthma diagnosis. While there appears to be a genetic link, environmental factors play an important role in asthma as well. Viral infections in infants appear to have a role in the development of asthma. Most babies will experience wheezing due to a viral infection at some point, but not all will develop asthma. The common viruses that cause wheezing are RSV, Parainfluenza...
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