...Vs Disposable Diapers…..What’s Best? Introduction Diapers have been used by humans throughout history. But, the word diaper did not originally refer to its use. Instead, the term originally referred to a type of cloth with a pattern of small repeated geometric shapes. The first diapers were made of a special type of soft cloth cut in geometric shapes. The method of creating geometric shapes in cloth was called diapering, but it eventually gave the name of the cloth used in making diapers back in 1590s in England. Diaper is used on children who are not yet toilet trained to prevent bed-wetting and to keep babies’ skin clean and dry. While it was originally made of cloth material, several variations and improvements were made on the diaper resulting in the creation of disposable diaper. Unlike cloth diapers which can be washed and reused multiple times, disposable diapers are thrown away after use (Leverich). The boom of the disposable diaper industry suggests that it is more preferred by parents that its cloth counterpart. Parents choose what they think is best for their baby. Hence, while the use of disposable diaper has become a trend, it actually has a number of disadvantages that may want parents to reconsider using cloth diapers. Health and Comfort One of the main reasons of using diapers is to provide comfort for the baby by keeping their skin dry, healthy and free from rashes. Prolong wetness irritates the baby’s skin and cause rashes. Cloth diaper is made from...
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...Field Experience #3 A routine is like a schedule, you go through it often in the same order. Like a routine, a ritual follows a specific order, but it does not happen often. Rituals happen on certain occasions such as easter or other holiday. The first day I went to observe the 18 month olds, they were doing an easter party. They had a special schedule for this day that was meant only to be done on their Easter celebration. The next time I went, the teacher had the children back on the regular schedule, which is their daily routine. I observed their daily routine. The teacher started by showing me the schedule, and then explained the reason the schedule was built that way. One routine they did was they danced to music before moving to another...
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...United States Hepatitis A, HAV for short has reached a massive decline of occurrences since vaccinations became available. The decrease in incidences has nearly hit ninety percent. Though, there are still over twenty five thousand people infected in the United States each year with Hepatitis A. 2. The infectious agent Hepatitis A is transmitted through food and water which is contaminated with human feces. There are people who are at greater risk than others in contracting Hepatitis A, such as those who may handle contaminated food. Hepatitis A can also spread in daycare centers. Children and especially babies still in diapers may get feces on their hands, handle toys or other objects that they may put in their mouths. The daycare staff also puts themselves and the children at higher risk if they are not diligent in washing their own hands after changing a diaper or helping a child use the restroom. There are international regions where Hepatitis A is prevalent, with that said those who travel to these places frequently are more at risk. Additionally, since Hepatitis A virus is transmitted through water, those who ingest seafood from contaminated water are at risk as well. 3. Food poisoning is an example of a real life outbreak in the United States. In cases of contaminated food it is commonly the individual who is preparing the food who infects it. In most cases,...
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...reason for washing an infant. | 2 min | Babies need regular baths to clean their skin and hair more consistently than being wiped with a cloth after eating or during a diaper change. Baths control excess oil in the hair, clean your baby’s skin from too much moisture and dry the areas between her skin folds.A bath is also a time to check his body for rashes or areas of dry skin. Massaging his arms and legs while cleaning will also promote circulation in his extremities. | Lecture | To directly deliver factual information to the mothers. | Manila Paper | QUIZ: Flash Card Quiz | The mother will be able to understand the pros when bathing a baby. | 5 min | PROS: * Bath time boosts the mom-baby bond. * Bath time is a learning experience. * Bath time is a soother for fussy babies. * Bath time is a sleep inducer. (warm water, the warm room, and the warm feeling of being safe, secure, and loved) | Discussion | To have an active forum allowing opinions to be heard and old practices to be corrected. | | Q&A | The mother will know the right frequency for bathing a child. | 5 min | Bathing a baby too often can dry their skinBath isn’t necessary more than 3 times a week in the first year. | | | | | The mother will understand how to bathe an infant by listening. | 10 min. | How To Bathe a New Born: 1. Gather materials: * Tub * Warm water * baby soap * cotton balls * 2 washcloths 2. Prepare materials for after-bath needs: * Towel * Diaper * Clothing...
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...children can be seen at all times. I make sure that all the electrical outlets are covered with protectors. All toys are checked daily for broken pieces, the room is clean and clutter free. For my infants, I make sure they sleep on their backs and that all the toys that are mouthed are washed with a bleach water solution, and the shelves and mats are cleaned before I leave. The child’s personal belongings are in his/her dresser drawer, cubby, or hung up. The children are encouraged to follow the rules such as walking, no running and sitting on a chair not standing. Emergency routes are posted by the door. Functional area 2: Healthy My goal is to promote healthy habits, such as hand washing throughout the day-before and after eating, after diaper changes, and after activities that require hand washing. I also clean and sanitize the change table after each change. Daily health checks are done every morning when the children arrive so we can make sure all injuries/and or health issues are documented. When a child displays signs of illness, phone calls are made for pick-up. The center provides healthy and nutritious meals and snacks. Functional area 3: Learning Environment My goal is to provide a stimulating learning environment that promotes independence. The room is set up in an organized manner with the reading center where are books are, the block area where the children have an opportunity to build things out of their imagination. There is also a cozy corner with mats where...
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...Provider Experience Certified Infant/Child CPR and first aid Excellent References Child Care Philosophy Family child care in a “home like” setting is the best alternative there is for working parents. It provides a small secure environment for children during the most important time of their development. Family child care offers a home away from home, providing children with “siblings” of all ages, to play, socialize, and learn from. My goal in providing quality child care for your child is to provide… A safe environment A nurturing environment A learning environment… learning is not necessarily the ABC’s and 123’s, but is also the learning of values. The learning of honesty, respect, self–reliance, and potential, self-discipline, and moderation, the values of being; dependable, love, sensitivity to others, kindness, friendliness and fairness are the values of giving. A proper approach to discipline… Since children occasionally need discipline, it is important that you and I share a similar philosophy so that your child is not too confused as to where the boundaries are and what is expected of him/her. Children are taught which behaviors are inappropriate, and why, and given alternatives that are acceptable. In this way, the behavior is being changed, with out making the child feel “bad” or unloved. This helps develop their self-esteem, and teaches them how to handle difficult situations themselves in the future. I express my disapproval (without attaching...
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...with poor sanitation. Owning a pet bird or reptile is also a risk factor if they are infected with salmonella bacteria. Stomach has a natural defense against salmonella. Some disorders are antacids, inflammatory bowel disease and recent use of antibiotics can shorten the natural defense. Most people are infected with salmonella by eating foods that are contaminated by feces. The most infected foods are raw meat, poultry, and seafood. When the meat is raw it becomes contaminated in the process of distribution. Seafood is contaminated when the water they are harvest is contaminated. Eggs can be contaminated from infected chicken making the eggs bad before it is form. Fruits and vegetables, mostly imported ones can become contaminated by washing in contaminated water. This mainly occurs when juices from raw meat comes in contact with uncooked foods like salads. The 2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak began in the spring of 2008 when hundreds of people throughout the United States fell ill after consuming contaminated food. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration currently believes that the contaminated food products responsible are fresh jalapeño and serrano peppers from Mexico, and perhaps raw tomatoes. Fresh cilantro is also under investigation. The FDA and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention narrowed their investigation to certain farms in Mexico that they believed were responsible for the contaminated produce. Salmonella infections usually isn’t life-threating...
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...exposure to these things doesn't typically cause skin irritation, prolonged exposure can compromise the skin's integrity so that eventually rashes do develop. These elements also continue to strip the skin of its natural oils which help to protect it against outside irritants. This type of problem can develop over time which is one reason that many cases of adult eczema are different than childhood eczema. Someone that works in the construction industry or in a manufacturing environment may develop eczema over time, as may someone that works in a salon or as a janitor where they're exposed to chemicals consistently. Diaper rash in babies is a form of childhood eczema as this is the result of the skin being closed up in a wet diaper for long periods of time. For some, adult eczema can happen if their skin is consistently wet throughout the day. Washing the hands over and over again or...
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...My major focus and point of discussion for my report is Cytomegalovirus (CMV). I chose this Contagious Disease because it hits very close to home. This disease is also linked to other members of the herpes virus family that cause chickenpox, infectious mononucleosis, fever blisters (herpes simplex type I) and genital herpes (herpes simplex type II). Like other herpes viruses, CMV infection can become dormant for a while and may reactivate later. The virus is carried by people and is not associated with food, water or animals. The high numbers of multiple people infected with Cytomegalovirus is about 50-80 percent at some time during their lives. In my report I will focus on key pints such as: • What is Cytomegalovirus (CMV)? • How is CMV spread? • What are the symptoms of CMV infection? • How long can a person carry CMV? • How it’s diagnosed and what treatments are available? • Precaution and Prevention of CMV. In a recent article that was brought to my attention by a colleague referencing Cytomegalovirus; it goes on to explain that CMV is associated with cardiovascular diseases, in line with risk factors such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. Several viral infections are linked to hypertension, including human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8) and HIV-1. By focusing on this subject, I hope to convey to my audience the importance of this topic and also the severity in immune-compromised and pregnant patients. Key Points: • What is Cytomegalovirus (CMV)? Cytomegalovirus...
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...Hepatitis A 1. Hepatitis A is an inflammation of the liver. Hepatitis A is caused from contamination of foods,, contaminated by a person, that is contaminated by this virus. This virus is caused by several virus’s: as in toxins, certain drugs, heavy alcohol use and bacterial and viral infections. This certain virus is very contagious if spread to others or objects are handled by a person who has the hepatitis A virus. The ways to be contaminated by this virus is by someone not washing hands after using the restroom. Or by changing diapers. It is caused by feces bacteria. Also Hepatitis A can be in contaminated water by seafood that we eat. We can also get it from using contaminated needles from either drug use or from hospitals. Very unlikely it would be from hospitals, as in they always use new needles that are packaged. 2. Someone being contagious by this Hepatitis A virus, touching objects like food or water, or someone else that is infected. The water could be already contaminated by the water from human feces. It could also be from poor water plant treatment centers not doing their job correctly. Or the farms where our food process is coming from. They could already have infectious cows, pigs, or chickens from the farms that they go to the processing plants. Than therefore already contaminated and carried on to us in grocery stores or restaurants. Not knowing that this food or water is contaminated. So it is givin to the general public....
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...have a learning environment that is conducive to the children learning their own safe and healthy environments. SAFE: * Young infants are placed on their backs when they are sleeping. The crib is free of blankets, toys, or other soft materials that could cause suffocation. * Mobile infants are kept safe by making sure that there isn't anything that is small enough they could put in their mouths and swallow. Toys are checked daily for broken or loose parts. * Toddlers are kept safe by showing them the proper use of toys. They are encouraged to follow safety rules such as walking instead of running and sitting on a chair instead of climbing on it. HEALTHY: * Young infants are kept healthy by washing hands of both the caregiver and the child before and after every diaper change as well as sanitizing the changing table. Disposable gloves are used for the diapering process. * Mobile infants are kept healthy by cleaning and sanitizing play areas daily. Mouthed toys are immediately removed from the play area for later cleaning. * To keep toddlers healthy, nutritious meals are planned . Good eating habits are modeled and the child is encouraged to eat new foods. LEARNING ENVIRONMENT: * Young infants are given the opportunity for tummy time to develop the strength to hold their heads up. * Mobile infants are given the opportunity to explore their environment by creeping and crawling but do so under supervision. * Toddlers' learning environment includes creating a day...
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...Food Safety Bulletin Charity Wilson SCI/220 May 2, 2011 Professor Zam Poller Food Safety Bulletin Consumers in Hawaii want safe food, but how can the public be safe if there is a gap between the amount of regulation food purchasers’ want, and the food safety rules that farmers are willing to implement. On the heels of the recent drastic rise in food-borne illness, food safety is on everyone’s minds. Here in this food safety bulletin are some common safety issues related to food purchase, storage, and presentation. In addition, some illnesses or problems the safety issues may cause, ways to prevent food-borne illness, and some recommendations to sources of nutritional information to help educate the public about appropriate food safety. The public (consumers, food service workers) needs to be aware of where our food comes from and how the food is processed and handled. More important, we need to be sure those animals from which are food is made are being raised in clean, safe living conditions. In addition, people should buy food with proper packaging and labels (brand names, trademarks), together with place of origin and quality. To start, we live in an infectious world, and present are many chances for food to become tainted as it is produced and prepared. Food-borne illnesses are results from consuming foods or beverages, which have been contaminated with germs. Meat and poultry can become contaminated in the course of slaughter by contact with small amounts...
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...salmonella enterica bacterium. Salmonella are motile, non-spore forming, gram negative, rod-shaped bacteria. There are approximately 2,400 types of salmonella. (Schneider, 2013) There are many different kinds of this bacteria, salmonella serotype, typhimurium and salmonella serotype enteritis are the most common types. Salmonella is wide spread in the environment and is associated with all animals’ species including amphibians, mammals, reptiles, and birds. (WebMD, 2012) You can get salmonellosis by eating food that is contaminated with salmonella. Food can become contaminated during to processing or handling of food. Food can also become contaminated by people who are infected and do not wash their hands. Most cases of salmonella are from people who do not wash his or her hands after using the bathroom. Beef, poultry, milk and eggs are most often infected with salmonella. The immune system protects the body from harmful substances by recognizing and responding and responding to antigens. Antigens are substances on the surface of cells, viruses, fungi, or bacteria. The immune system identifies and destroys substances that contain any antigens. Your immune system is your body’s defense force. It helps invading germs out, or kills them if they get into your body. Your immune tracks all of the substances normally found in the body. Any new substances in the body that the immune system does not recognize triggers an alarm, which results in the immune system attacking it. On January...
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...The foodborne illness I chose would be: Norovirus (formerly Norwalk virus) 1. What is the infectious agent that causes this infectious disease? Norovirus agent is caused by nonenveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses of the genus Norovirus, which have also been referred as Norwalk virus or small round-structured viruses of the family Caliciviridae. Other genera within the Caliciviridae family include Sapovirus which also cause acute gastroenteritis in persons as well. Norovirus can be divided into at least five geno groups designated GI---GV based on amino acid identity in the major structure protein. The strains that infect humans (referred to collectively “human noroviruses”) are found in GI, GII, and GIV. Since 2001, GII.4 viruses have been associated with majority of viral gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. Recent studies have demonstrated that these viruses evolve over time through serial changes in the VP1 sequence, which allow invasion of immunity in the human population. 2. How is this infectious agent transmitted through food or water? Transmission occurs primarily through fecal-oral route, either through direct person to person contact or indirectly via contaminated food or water. Norovirus is also indirectly through aerosols or vomitus and contaminated environmental surfaces and objects. Having contact with someone who is infected with norovirus (for example, caring for or sharing food or eating utensils with someone with norovirus illness). Norovirus is a...
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...for problem screening. Questions should be directed to the primary care giver. NURSING HISTORY 1. Health-perception – health management pattern Parents’ report of: a. Mother’s pregnancy/labor/delivery history (of this infant, of others)? b. Infant’s health status since birth? c. Adherence to routine health checks for the infant/child? Immunizations? d. Infections/illnesses in the infant/child? Child’s absences from school/day care? e. If applicable: Infant’s/child’s medical problems, treatment, and prognosis? f. If applicable: Actions taken by parents when signs and/or symptoms were perceived? g. If appropriate: Has it been easy to follow doctors’ or nurses’ suggestions? h. Preventive health practices (e.g., diaper change, clean clothes, hand washing)? i. Do parents smoke? Around children? j. Accidents? Types? Frequency? k. Infant’s crib toys (safety)? Child's toys? Carrying safety? Car safety? l. Parents’ safety practices (e.g., household products and medicines) Parents (self): a. Parents’/family’s general health status? Illnesses? Injuries? 2. Nutritional-metabolic pattern Parents’ report of the infant’s/child’s: a. Breast/bottle feeding? Intake (estimated)? Schedule? Sucking strength? b. Appetite? Feeding discomfort? Gas? Burping? c. 24-hour intake of nutrients? Supplements? d. Eating behavior? Food preferences? Conflicts over food? e. Birth weight? Current weight? f. Skin problems: For example, rashes, lesions, others? Parents (self):...
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