...arrangements and procedures. Technologies significantly affect human as well as other animal species' ability to control and adapt to their natural environments. Rudolf Diesel and his invention diesel engine is the object of the paper. The goal of the paper is to analize this invention, talk about Rudolf Diesel and his theory of diesel engine, its advantages and disadvantages, types and working principles. The diesel engines of today are refined and improved versions of Rudolf Diesel's original concept. They are often used in submarines, ships, locomotives, and large trucks and in electric generating plants. Technology has affected society and its surroundings in a number of ways. In many societies, technology has helped develop more advancedeconomies (including today's global economy) and has allowed the rise of a leisure class. Many technological processes produce unwanted by-products, known as pollution, and deplete natural resources, to the detriment of the Earth and its environment. Contents INTRODUCTION 4 1. Rudofl Diesel. Biography 5 2. HISTORY 6 3. How diesel engines work 7 3.1. Early fuel injection systems 7 3.2. Mechanical and electronic injection 8 3.3. Direct injection 8 4. Types 9 4.1. Size Groups. 9 4.2. Basic Types of Diesel Engines 9 4.3. Gas generator 10 4.4. Modern High- and Medium-speed Engines 10 5. Advantages and disadvantages versus spark-ignition...
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...The work transfers which provide the desired power output occur directly between these working fluids and the mechanical components of the engine. • The internal combustion engines which are the subject of this course are spark-ignition (SI) engines (sometimes called Otto engines, or gasoline or petrol engines, though other fuels can be used) and compression-ignition (CI) or diesel engines. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE • Otto, in the broader sense, was the inventor of the modern internal combustion engine as we know it today. • Further developments followed fast once the full impact of what Otto had achieved became apparent. By the 1880s several engineers (e.g., Dugald Clerk, 1854-1913,; and James Robson, 1833-1913, in England and Karl Benz, 1844 - 1929, in Germany) had successfully developed two-stroke internal combustion engines where the exhaust and intake processes occur during the end of the power stroke and the beginning of the compression stroke. • James Atkinson (1846-1914) in England made an engine with a longer expansion than compression stroke, which had a high efficiency for the times but mechanical weaknesses • During the past four decades, new factors for change have become important and now significantly affect engine design and operation. These factors are, first, the need to control the automotive contribution to...
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...living organisms, or that damage the environment. Pollution takes place because; we process, consume and throw away a high volume of material resources at a very high rate. Then the nature’s way of reabsorbing these resources back into its structure and effectively neutralizing them is much slower than our rates of production or consumption. Hence over production; also inefficient and dirty methods of production and consumptions; careless and thoughtless disposal of post consumption waste resources are the major causes of man-cause pollution. There are fundamental drivers of the pollution; these are the major forces behind the surge in levels of air, water and land pollution throughout the globe. These are Industrialization it set in the motion the widespread use of fossil fuels (oil, gas and coal) which are now the mail sources of pollution. Population growth with the exploding increase in the population around the world, the demand for goods and services goes up. This demand is met by expanded production and use of natural resources, which in turn lead to higher levels of pollution. Globalization. It has become an effective facilitator of environmental degradation. Developing countries tend to have loose regulations on pollution levels thus global bigger manufacturers tend to move to these areas rather than work in the more regulated markets. The various types of pollution include: Air pollution. Is the introduction of chemical, biological materials that cause harm or discomfort...
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...ALTERNATIVE MOTIVE OF POWER Syarifah Assyura Binti Syed Nasir, Nurul Syazwani Binti Khairul Azhari, Salmie Amira Binti Mahadi, Nor Amalina Binti Sanusi JBM1114A Abstract: In transportation, there have many power to make it moving. Petroleum and diesel is a one of famous power use by many people in their live. Many people use transport to move from origin point to another point which is to supply goods or services. Based on research, motive power is a natural agent such as water or steam, wind or electricity, used to impart motion to machinery such as an engine. Motive power make also be a locomotive or a motor, which provides motive power to a system. Nowadays, there have a multiple motive of power such as hybrid electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids fueled by gasoline, ethanol,...
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...Automobiles - An Introduction An automobile is defined as a motorcar used to carry passengers or goods. Automobiles as we know was not invented in a single day by a single inventor. FROM HORSE TO HORSE POWER: The automobile was not invented in a single day by a single inventor. The history of the automobile reflects an evolution that took place worldwide. It is estimated that over 100,000 patents created the modern automobile. The automobile is said to have been a blessing, it has been worshiped and reviled, celebrated and scorned. The automobile is an invention that has had tremendous impact on society. The automobile has taken diverse segments of the American population; farmers, small town residents and urban dwellers and given them access to the same opportunities and experiences. Automobiles have given us motels, shopping malls, drive-through, vacations, commuting, and of course, suburbia. The word automobile was coined by 14th century Italian painter & engineer named Martini. Martini never built an automobile but he did draw plans for a man-powered carriage with four wheels. Martini thought up the name automobile from the Greek word, "auto," (meaning self) and the Latin word, "mobils" (meaning moving). The automobile as we know it was not invented in a single day by a single inventor. The history of the automobile reflects an evolution that took place worldwide. It is estimated that over 100,000 patents created the modern automobile. However, we can...
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...6.2.2. Economic and Environmental Impacts of Rail Transport 9 2.6.3. Water Transport 9 2.6.3.1. Advantages and Disadvantages of water transport 9 2.7. Economic and Environmental Impacts of Water Transport 10 2.7.1. Pipeline Transport 10 2.7.1.1. Advantages and Disadvantages of Pipeline 10 2.8. Economic and Environmental Impacts of pipeline transport 10 2.9. Interrelationships between transport and logistics 11 Conclusion 12 References 13 Abstract The whole process of transport determines the effectiveness of moving goods and people. The advancement in techniques and management roles improves the moving of commodities, service quality, operating costs, efficiency in delivery, facility use, and preservation of energy. Transport plays a particularly vital role in the manipulation of logistics. Analyzing the current state, a brilliant scheme needs a clear structure of logistics as well as appropriate transport implements and techniques to link the producing procedures. Transport has the following modes: air, land, sea, rail, and sometimes...
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...Introduction Company description General Electric Co. is a technology and financial services company that develops and manufactures products for the generation, transmission, distribution, control and utilization of electricity. Its products and services include aircraft engines, power generation, water processing, security technology, medical imaging, business and consumer financing, media content and industrial products. The company operates through eight segments: Power & Water, Oil & Gas, Energy Management, Aviation, Healthcare, Transportation, Appliances & Lighting and GE Capital. The Power & Water segment serves power generation, industrial, government and other customers worldwide with products and services related to energy production. The Oil & Gas segment supplies mission critical equipment for the global oil and gas industry, used in applications spanning the entire value chain from drilling and completion through production, liquefied natural gas and pipeline compression, pipeline inspection, and downstream processing in refineries and petrochemical plants. The Energy Management segment designs technology solutions for the delivery, management, conversion and optimization of electrical power for customers across multiple energy-intensive industries. The Aviation segment products and services include jet engines, aerospace systems and equipment, replacement parts and repair and maintenance services for all categories of commercial aircraft; for a wide variety...
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...UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM & ENERGY STUDIES DEHRADUN Group Project RAILWAY LOGISTICS (HEAVY HAUL TRAIN OPERATIONS) RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (MBCQ 721) Submitted to: Dr. NEERAJ ANAND Associate Professor& HOD – QT/RM/Operations CMES Submitted by : Name: AmolKhare Roll No: R600212004 Name: Ruchika Sahu Roll No: R600212039 Name: Rahul Kushwah Roll No: R600212031 MBA (LSCM)Sem II Batch 2012-14 Railway Logistics (Heavy Haul Train Operations). Page 1 ACKNOWLEDGMENT Our deepest thanks to, Dr Neeraj Anand, Associate Professor & HOD–QT/RM/Operations for College of Management and Economic Studies, as a guiding hand for us. He has taken pain to go through the project and also had spent time in giving necessary suggestions as and when needed. We would like to express our gratitude towards Mr R K Khare, Assistant Design Engineer, Track Department, of Research Design and Standard Organisation, Lucknow. Thereby our parents & classmates for their kind co-operation and encouragement which helped us in the completion of this project framework. We would like to express our special gratitude and thanks to industry persons for giving us such attention and time. Our thanks and appreciation also goes to the colleagues in developing the project and people who have helped us out with the different aspects of this Project. Date: 23, April 2013 Names: Amol Khare Rahul Kushwah Ruchika Sahu Railway Logistics (Heavy Haul Train Operations). Page 2 INDEX Sr. No. Topic Page No. 1...
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...| REDUCTION OF IMPACTS OF EXHAUST ESMISSIONS OF DIESEL ENGINEbyHASSAN SHEIKHOLESLAMYSession 2013/2014 | | The project report is prepared for Faculty of Engineering and Technology Multimedia University in partial fulfilment for Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) Mechanical FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY MULTIMEDIA UNIVERSITY April 2014 The copyright of this report belongs to the author under the terms of the Copyright Act 1987 as qualified by Regulation 4(1) of the Multimedia University Intellectual Property Regulations. Due acknowledgement shall always be made of the use of any material contained in, or derived from, this report. DECLARATION I hereby declare that this work has been done by myself and no portion of the work contained in this report has been submitted in support of any application for any other degree or qualification of this or any other university or institute of learning. I also declare that pursuant to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1987, I have not engaged in any unauthorised act of copying or reproducing or attempt to copy / reproduce or cause to copy / reproduce or permit the copying / reproducing or the sharing and / or downloading of any copyrighted material or an attempt to do so whether by use of the University’s facilities or outside networks / facilities whether in hard copy or soft copy format, of any material protected under the provisions of sections 3 and 7 of the Act whether for payment or otherwise save as...
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..."Farewell to alms" Ch.1 Wednesday 25 March 2015 The Malthusian Trap Conditions of leaving in 1800 were even worse, under several aspect, than the one of an average person in 100,000 BC, or the hunt-gathers . And hunter-gatherer societies are egalitarian. Material consumption varies little across the members. In contrast, inequality was pervasive in the agrarian economies that dominated the world in 1800. The Industrial Revolution deeply changed this trend, Income per person began to undergo sustained growth in a favored group of countries. The richest modern economy are now ten to twenty times wealthier than the 1800 average. For Clarks the biggest beneficiary of this revolution has been the unskilled workers, the poorest. Just as the Industrial Revolution reduced in come inequalities within societies, it has increased them between societies, in a process recently labeled the Great Divergence.1 For example African countries, in certain case, would have been better never discover the industrial revolution, because they remained trap in the Malthusian Era creating an higher divergence between population, and driving down standards to subsistence. * Why did the Malthusian Trap persist for so long? * Why did the initial escape from that trap in the Industrial Revolution occur on one tiny island, England, in 1800? * Why was there the consequent Great Divergence? "Thus I make no apologies for focusing on income. Over the long run in come is more...
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...Dissertation REPORT ON IMAGINATION AT WORK For PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DIPLOMA OF POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN MANAGEMENT (PGDM) SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY Prof. (Dr.) Neeran Gautam Director, UIMS Mr. Amit Sinha Enrollment No. UIMS-PGDM-10-005 Batch: 2010-2012 [Type text] [Type text] PREFACE As a part of my syllabus of PGDM programme in Final year, I was assigned some Practical and theoretical project work. Study of management will be immaterial if it is not coupled with study of financial aspect of the business. It gives the student an opportunity to learn the connection between comparison & execution to test & verify application of theories & help in the comparison of management theories and practice. The study gives a chance to know about the profitability and financial position of the firm. I have chosen General Electrics which is a $14.2 Billion Global company in Information Technology Services, R&D Services, and Business Process Outsourcing. This report contains the analysis of the 8 years data of the company. In the Scenario Analysis of the company we have included the company’s industrial GDP, its Market Share, Market Capitalization, Market Growth, HR policy etc. some other reason of choosing this segment are; Highly versatile & innovation oriented sector Large number of employees are working Highly challenging job opportunities High growth opportunities Work on international project Platform to show the difference dimension...
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...TITLE PAGE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF HYDRAULIC SCISSORS LIFT BY OKOLIE IZUNNA JUDE FPI/HND/MEC/010/001 BEN DAVID IDOKO FPI/HND/MEC/010/002 OKECHUKWU NNAMDI FPI/HND/MEC/010/004 ENEJIYON ABDULMALEEQ FPI/HND/MEC/010/009 AGONOR WILLIAMS FPI/HND/MEC/010/019 BEING A REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING, FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC IDAH, KOGI STATE IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA (HND) IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 2011/2012 SESSION CERTIFICATION We the undersigned hereby certify that this project was carried out by the under listed students. OKOLO IZUNNA JUDE FPI/HND/MEC/010/001 ____________________________ BEN DAVID IDOKO FPI/HND/MEC/010/002 ____________________________ OKECHUKWU NNAMDI FPI/HND/MEC/010/004 ____________________________ ENEJIYON ABDULMALEEQ FPI/HND/MEC/010/009 ____________________________ AGONOR WILLIAMS FPI/HND/MEC/010/019 ____________________________ Mechanical Engineering Department under the supervision of Mr. Bingfa Bongfa. I certify that the work is adequate in scope and quality for the partial fulfillment for the award of Higher National Diploma (HND) in Mechanical Engineering. ___________________________ _______________________ ENGR. O. Y. USMAN MR. BINGFA BONGFA Head of Department Supervisor APPROVAL PAGE This project work titled design and construction of hydraulic scissors lift has...
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...Abstract Ever since man was able to harness the power of fire, he has been trying to control it. From a single bucket wielding man to a complex well trained and organized team have been working on controlling and suppressing fire for millennia’s. Many simple and complex tools have been developed to help in the control and suppression of fire. Organized fire brigades can be dated back to the earliest civilizations because of the fear of fire and the damage that it can cause. Many great infrastructures have fallen to the devastation of fire and have taken large groups of dedicated members to control those fires. Over the past century, the fire service has become more than just fire suppression, now these dedicated individuals are trained to rescue people, control hazardous materials, perform fire prevention duties, and attend to the injured. Many people think that the fire service is a fairly modern idea due to the industrial revolution. Some researchers have said that firefighting was first started and organized in ancient Egypt. There is evidence of firefighting machinery was used in Ancient Egypt, including a water pump that was developed by Ctesibius of Alexandria in the third century BC which was later improved upon in a design by Hero of Alexandria in the first century BC. One of the first well documented fire brigade or suppression team was the ones of the Roman Empire. The Roman emperor Augustus is credited with instituting a corps of fire-fighting "watchmen" in 24 BC....
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...SENIOR SECONDARY COURSE PHYSICS 1 (CORE MODULES) Coordinators Dr. Oum Prakash Sharma Sh. R.S. Dass NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OPEN SCHOOLING A-25, INSTITUTIONAL AREA, SECTOR-62, NOIDA-201301 (UP) COURSE DESIGN COMMITTEE CHAIRMAN Prof. S.C. Garg Former Pro-Vice Chancellor IGNOU, Maidan Garhi, Delhi MEMBERS Prof. A.R. Verma Former Director, National Physical Laboratory, Delhi, 160, Deepali Enclave Pitampura, Delhi-34 Dr. Naresh Kumar Reader (Rtd.) Deptt. of Physics Hindu College, D.U. Dr. Oum Prakash Sharma Asstt. Director (Academic) NIOS, Delhi Prof. L.S. Kothari Prof. of Physics (Retd.) Delhi University 71, Vaishali, Delhi-11008 Dr. Vajayshree Prof. of Physics IGNOU, Maidan Garhi Delhi Sh. R.S. Dass Vice Principal (Rtd.) BRMVB, Sr. Sec. School Lajpat Nagar, New Delhi-110024 Dr. G.S. Singh Prof. of Physics IIT Roorkee Sh. K.S. Upadhyaya Principal Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya Rohilla Mohammadabad (U.P.) Dr. V.B. Bhatia Prof. of Physics (Retd.) Delhi University 215, Sector-21, Faridabad COURSE DEVELOPMENT TEAM CHAIRMAN Prof. S.C. Garg Former Pro-Vice Chancellor IGNOU, Delhi MEMBERS Prof. V.B. Bhatia 215, Sector-21, Faridabad Prof. B.B. Tripathi Prof. of Physics (Retd.), IIT Delhi 9-A, Awadhpuri, Sarvodaya Nagar Lucknow-226016 Sh. K.S. Upadhyaya Principal Navodaya Vidyalaya Rohilla Mohammadabad, (U.P.) Dr. V.P. Shrivastava Reader (Physics) D.E.S.M., NCERT, Delhi EDITORS TEAM CHAIRMAN Prof. S.C. Garg Former Pro-Vice Chancellor IGNOU, Delhi MEMBERS Prof. B.B. Tripathi Prof...
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...UNIVERSITY OF KERALA B. TECH DEGREE COURSE 2008 SCHEME ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING I to VIII SEMESTER SCHEME AND SYLLABUS BOARD OF STUDIES IN ENGINEERING AND FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF KERALA B.Tech Degree Course – 2008 Scheme REGULATIONS 1. Conditions for Admission Candidates for admission to the B.Tech degree course shall be required to have passed the Higher Secondary Examination, Kerala or 12th Standard V.H.S.E., C.B.S.E., I.S.C. or any examination accepted by the university as equivalent thereto obtaining not less than 50% in Mathematics and 50% in Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry/ Bio- technology/ Computer Science/ Biology put together, or a diploma in Engineering awarded by the Board of Technical Education, Kerala or an examination recognized as equivalent thereto after undergoing an institutional course of at least three years securing a minimum of 50 % marks in the final diploma examination subject to the usual concessions allowed for backward classes and other communities as specified from time to time. 2. Duration of the course i) The course for the B.Tech Degree shall extend over a period of four academic years comprising of eight semesters. The first and second semester shall be combined and each semester from third semester onwards shall cover the groups of subjects as given in the curriculum and scheme of examination ii) Each semester shall ordinarily comprise of not less than 400 working periods each of 60 minutes...
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