...“Motivation can only be studied from a biological perspective.” Critically consider this statement. Taking a biological perspective, there are three basic motivations for eating (Beck, 2000). We need a source of energy, we require the necessary elements for rebuilding cells, manufacturing chemicals, hormones and enzymes that enable the body to function and we need to remove toxins. The primitive goal of feeding behaviour is to maintain the consistency of the nutrient concentration in the body. This basic homeostatic mechanism integrates external energy related stimuli and controls metabolic processes and feeding behaviour. Lashley suggested that behaviours for feeding were controlled by the brain (Lashley, 1938 as cited in Beck, 2000 p.93). It is likely that these controls are in the general region of the hypothalamus (Beck, 2000). Concentrating on obesity, which involves more input than output of energy in eating motivation, this essay will argue that although there are other motivations for eating a biological perspective underpins motivation to overeat. Obesity is a medical term that describes a state of increased body weight or adipose tissue that is sufficiently great to produce adverse health consequences (Reeve, 2005). It is usually defined as 25% in excess of the norm (Franken, 2002). The tendency to obesity appears to be somewhat genetically determined (O’Rahilly et al.,2003). People who are overweight often come from overweight parents which could be said to be a...
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...Intro establishes significance without taking sides: Every five years, Congress introduces a multi-billion dollar bill that affects all Americans. This legislation has come to be known as the Farm bill, and this year’s is quite possibly the most scrutinized, criticized, and important farm bill that has ever been introduced. So, the question arises: “Why is the farm bill such a controversial issue?” Dan Imhoff answers, “If you eat, pay taxes, care about the nutritional values of school lunches, worry about the plight of biodiversity or the loss of farmland and shrinking open space, you have a personal stake in the tens of billions of dollars annually committed to agricultural and food policies” (18). Now the controversy and social problems—as seen by each side—are introduced. The Farm bill is responsible for funding numerous food related programs, such as subsidies, the food stamp program, and also the farmer’s safety net, to name just a few. Where this money goes and how it is spent reflects what the United States values, and what it is defining as a social problem. Some supporters of this bill maintain that this bill provides financial security not only to agriculturalists but also to consumers as well. They believe that this bill promotes an increased emphasis on of conservation, and that it also encourages efforts to explore the merits of bioenergy. The value placed on conservation, cleaner, more efficient energy sources, and the financial protection of American citizens...
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...Evaluating Credibility and Validity of Sources: We learned that it is important to evaluate the credibility of the source and make a judgement on its relevance to our topic/argument. Credibility can be validated based off on the background of the author, impartiality, style and tone of article and currency. For instance for an argument on animal rights as described in…, the argument can be presented in different ways depending on the specialization of the author. A phychologist, philosopher or economist might present the argument in different style. Also, the author’s personal interest to the subject might affect the an author’s opinion or treatment to the subject. For instance, an author who is vegetarian is likely to argue against using animals for food and may present argument in a way that’s less than impartial. The publication Alongwith the author’s background, it is also important to validate the author’s personal interest associated to the subject ; We also learned that a special interest or preference might affect an author’s opinion or treatment to subject. In the simplest terms, a declared vegetarian is likely to argue against using animals for food and may present those arguments in a way that’s less than impartial. The writing style and tone is another way to form credibility and validity of sources of information. You should determine whether the tone is professional or not. If it is indeed professional and the tone is for the targeted audience...
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...Nutrition and Academic Performance 1 NUTRITION AND ITS EFFECTS ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE HOW CAN OUR SCHOOLS IMPROVE? By Amy Ross SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS EDUCATION AT NORTHERN MICHIGAN UNDERSITY July 28, 2010 APPROVED BY: DATE: Derek L. Anderson, Ed.D. August 2, 2010 Nutrition and Academic Performance 2 Table of contents Abstract ...…………………………………………………………………………………………3 Chapter I: Introduction…………………………………………………………………………….…4 Statement of Problems…………………………………………………………………….8 Research Questions…………………………………………………………………….…9 Definition of Terms ……………………………….…………………………………….10 Chapter II: Review of the Literature Nutrition and Cognition ………………………..……………………………………….11 Food Insufficiency …………………………..………………………………………….24 School Food Programs ……………………………...…………………………………..35 Chapter III: Results and Analysis …………………………..…………………………………..51 Chapter IV: Recommendations and Conclusion ……………………...………………………..54 References...………………………………………………………………………………..…...59 Nutrition and Academic Performance 3 Abstract The purpose of this paper was to review existing literature about past research that highlighted studies concerning nutrition and its relationship to brain function, cognition, learning, and social behaviors. There is evidence that school breakfast and lunch programs are not up to par with current United States Department of Agriculture standards and that USDA standards may not be utilizing the latest research...
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...Avoid News Towards a Healthy News Diet By Rolf Dobelli Prologue This article is the antidote to news. It is long, and you probably won’t be able to skim it. Thanks to heavy news consumption, many people have lost the reading habit and struggle to absorb more than four pages straight. This article will show you how to get out of this trap – if you are not already too deeply in it. of what we are designed to handle. This leads to great risk and to inappropriate, outright dangerous behavior. In the past few decades, the fortunate among us have recognized the hazards of living with an overabundance of food (obesity, diabetes) and have started to shift our diets. But most of us do not yet understand that news is to the mind what sugar is to the body. News is easy to digest. The media feeds us small bites of trivial matter, tidbits that don’t really concern our lives and don’t require thinking. That’s why we experience almost no saturation. Unlike reading books and long, deep magazine articles (which requires thinking), we can swallow limitless quantities of news flashes, like bright-colored candies for the mind. Today, we have reached the same point in relation to information overload that we faced 20 years ago in regard to food intake. We are beginning to recognize how toxic news can be and we are learning to take the first steps toward an information diet. This is my attempt to clarify the toxic dangers of news – and to recommend some ways to deal with it. I have now gone without...
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...AS Level History Russia 1855 – 1917 Alternative F Revision Guide Contents 1. Alexander II 2. Alexander III 3. Nicholas II 4. Stability of the Tsarist Regime 1905 - 14 5. Political Opposition 6. February / March Revolution 1917 7. October Revolution 1917 Tsar Alexander II To what extent does Tsar Alexander II deserve to be viewed as the Tsar Liberator? Think BALANCE!! Alexander II 1855-81 ▪ Came to the throne during the Crimean War (1855) ▪ Initiated a wide range of reforms (social, economic, administrative and legal) ▪ Earned the title ‘Liberator’ for giving freedom to the peasants BUT did not wish to share political power ▪ Assassinated by the People’s Will in 1881 Answering the key question |Introduction |Use this chart to answer any question on Alex II | | |All questions (whether relating to ‘Liberator’ or not) will require BALANCE | | |Precision of knowledge – “Detail is King!” | | |Yes |No | |Emancipation |Emancipation Committees set up |Redemption Payments...
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...BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES, AARHUS UNIVERSITY Department for Marketing and Statistics March 2012 Diet and eating habits at the transition to motherhood: Influencing factors, self-developed coping strategies and how the public and private sector can support the maintenance of a healthy diet Master Thesis Master of Sciences in Marketing Author: Supervisor: Sandra Denise Kunz Petersen Jessica Aschemann-Witzel EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PURPOSE – The purpose of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of the changes in diet and eating behavior women experience during the transition to motherhood, the underlying influencing factors, as well as their self-developed coping strategies, in order to devise recommendations for the public and private sector to support the adaption and maintenance of healthy eating habits during this transition. METHOD – A life course perspective was adopted and behavioral change models, used in health-related research, applied. In addition, the data of 18 qualitative e-mail interviews with German mothers was analyzed by means of qualitative content analysis. FINDINGS – The transition to parenthood represents an important life event that can be divided into several phases, each of which is characterized by a range of distinct changes in women’s eating behavior and influencing factors thereof. Women develop coping strategies to face these challenges, but are still found to lack perceived behavioral control and self-efficacy and are confronted with perceived...
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...completed his research project and has submitted this project report entitled “To study and analyze the consumer buying behavior while eating out at KFC and To study the marketing strategies of KFC from the perspective of Strategic Marketing” towards part fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the This Report is the result of his own work and to the best of my knowledge no part of it has earlier comprised any other report, monograph, dissertation or book. This project was carried out under my overall supervision. Date: Place: New Delhi ----------------------------- _________________ (ASST. PROFESSOR) Table of Contents Acknowledgement……………………………………………………. 4 Executive Summary………………………………………………….. 5 Chapter 1 : Introduction 1.1 Introduction of the Company……………………………………. 7 1.2 Values & Philosophy of KFC .………………………………….... 8 Chapter 2 : Marketing Strategies of KFC 2.1 Porters Five Forces Analysis…………………………………….. 11 2.2 Current Target Market ……..…………………………………… 12 2.3 Competitive Analysis …………………………………………….. 14 2.4 Environmental Factors & Opportunities ………………………. 15 2.5 BCG Matrix ……………………………………………………… 17 2.6 SWOT Analysis …………………………………………………. 18 2.7 Marketing mix of KFC …………………………………………… 20 2.8 Analyzing the Customer Satisfaction Level……………………... 24 Chapter 3: Consumer Buying Behavior While Eating Out...
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...Losing Battle Against Bacteria The Failure of Conventional Dentistry Chapter 1 References CHAPTER 2 DENTIST WESTON PRICE DISCOVERS THE CURE Lack of Nutrition is the Cause of Physical Degeneration The Healthy People of the Loetschental Valley, Switzerland Modern Swiss were Losing Their Health The Healthy People of the Outer Hebrides Gaelics on Modern Foods are Losing Their Health Genetics and Tooth Decay Aborigines of Australia Nutritive Values of Diets Compared Fat-soluble Vitamins and Activators Mantesh Why Tooth Decay with Modern Civilization? Weston Price's Tooth Decay Curing Protocol Dr. Price's Protocol Summarized Chapter 2 References CHAPTER 3 MAKE YOUR TEETH STRONG WITH FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS How Teeth Remineralize 101 Hormones and Tooth Decay Cholesterol The Miracle of Vitamin D Vital Fat-Soluble Vitamin A Cod Liver Oil Heals Cavities Weston Price’s Activator X More Fat-Soluble Vitamin Sources: Bone Marrow, Brain, Kidneys, and Glands Organs from the Water Fat-soluble Vitamin Summary Chapter 3 References CHAPTER 4 REMINERALIZE YOUR TEETH WITH WISE FOOD CHOICES The Town without a Toothache Deceptive Labeling Pasteurization Kills Milk Obtaining Raw Milk Good Soup Heals Your Teeth Blood Sugar Sweeteners Protein for Your Teeth Protein Assimilation...
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...Q1: Significance and Diversity of Consumer Behavior: * Definition of Consumer Behavior: Consumer Behavior is the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society. It blends elements from psychology, sociology, social anthropology, marketing and economics. It attempts to understand the decision-making processes of buyers, both individually and in groups such as how emotions affect buying behavior. It studies characteristics of individual consumers such as demographics and behavioral variables in an attempt to understand people's wants. It also tries to assess influences on the consumer from groups such as family, friends, sports, reference groups, and society in general. Customer behavior study is based on consumer buying behavior, with the customer playing the three distinct roles of user, payer and buyer. Research has shown that consumer behavior is difficult to predict, even for experts in the field. Marketing is an influential asset for customer behavior analysis as it has a keen interest in the re-discovery of the true meaning of marketing through the re-affirmation of the importance of the customer or buyer. A greater importance is also placed on consumer retention, customer relationship management, personalization, customization and one-to-one marketing. Social functions can be...
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...GMO MYTHS AND TRUTHS An evidence-based examination of the claims made for the safety and efficacy of genetically modified crops Michael Antoniou Claire Robinson John Fagan June 2012 GMO Myths and Truths An evidence-based examination of the claims made for the safety and efficacy of genetically modified crops Version 1.3 by Michael Antoniou Claire Robinson John Fagan © Earth Open Source www.earthopensource.org 2nd Floor 145–157, St John Street, London EC1V 4PY, United Kingdom Contact email: claire.robinson@earthopensource.org June 2012 Disclaimer The views and opinions expressed in this paper, or otherwise published by EOS, are those of the authors and do not represent the official policy, position, or views of other organizations, universities, companies, or corporations that the authors may be affiliated with. GMO Myths and Truths 2 About the authors Michael Antoniou, PhD is reader in molecular genetics and head, Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King’s Cols: lege London School of Medicine, London, UK. He has 28 years’ experience in the use of genetic engineering technology investigating gene organisation and control, with over 40 peer reviewed publications of original work, and holds inventor status on a number of gene expression biotechnology patents. Dr Antoniou has a large network of collaborators in industry and academia who are making use of his discoveries in gene control mechanisms for the production of research, diagnostic and therapeutic products...
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...Manage Your Energy, Not Your Time by Tony Schwartz and Catherine McCarthy The science of stamina has advanced to the point where individuals, teams, and whole organizations can, with some straightforward interventions, significantly increase their capacity to get things done. Steve Wanner is a highly respected 37-year-old partner at Ernst & Young, married with four young children. When we met him a year ago, he was working 12- to 14-hour days, felt perpetually exhausted, and found it difficult to fully engage with his family in the evenings, which left him feeling guilty and dissatisfied. He slept poorly, made no time to exercise, and seldom ate healthy meals, instead grabbing a bite to eat on the run or while working at his desk. Wanner‟s experience is not uncommon. Most of us respond to rising demands in the workplace by putting in longer hours, which inevitably take a toll on us physically, mentally, and emotionally. That leads to declining levels of engagement, increasing levels of distraction, high turnover rates, and soaring medical costs among employees. We at the Energy Project have worked with thousands of leaders and managers in the course of doing consulting and coaching at large organizations during the past five years. With remarkable consistency, these executives tell us they‟re pushing themselves harder than ever to keep up and increasingly feel they are at a breaking point. The core problem with working longer hours is that time is a finite resource. Energy...
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...COPYRIGHT© 2004-2011 All rights reserved The Truth about Six Pack Abs by Michael Geary - Certified Nutrition Specialist, Certified Personal Trainer Founder – TruthAboutAbs.com BusyManFitness.com AvalancheSkiTraining.com DISCLAIMER: The information provided by this Web Site or this company is not a substitute for a face-to-face consultation with your physician, and should not be construed as individual medical advice. If a condition persists, please contact your physician. The testimonials on this Web Site are individual cases and do not guarantee that you will get the same results. This site is provided for personal and informational purposes only. This site is not to be construed as any attempt to either prescribe or practice medicine. Neither is the site to be understood as putting forth any cure for any type of acute or chronic health problem. You should always consult with a competent, fully licensed medical professional when making any decision regarding your health. The owners of this site will use reasonable efforts to include up-to-date and accurate information on this Internet site, but make no representations, warranties, or assurances as to the accuracy, currency, or completeness of the information provided. The owners of this site shall not be liable for any damages or injury resulting from your access to, or inability to access, this Internet site, or from your reliance upon any information provided on this site. All rights reserved. No part of this publication...
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...\CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR Basic concepts and definition Objectives: By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Explain why marketing managers should understand consumer behavior Define and explain basic concepts in the study of consumer behavior. Introduction Why is it difficult to market any product to consumers? The reason is simple: Consumers are complex and constantly changing. Not only is it difficult to figure what marketing program will work but also what worked yesterday may not work today. Thus marketers must constantly improve their understanding of customers. Understanding consumer behavior and knowing your customers is never simple. Customers may say one thing but do another. They may not be in touch with their deeper motivation. They may respond to last minute influences. Some companies like Kenya Airways, Equity Bank, Microsoft, Coca-Cola e.t.c have stood to profit from understanding how and why their customers buy. On the other hand not understanding your customer’s motivations, needs and preferences can hurt. In Kenya, companies like Elliott’s and Sang Yong Motors failed. Consider also the case of Kodak when it introduced its Advantage camera and proudly marketed it as a high-tech product but to a generation (usually referred to as middle-aged baby comers) for which the bells and whistles of new technology had lost their appeal. It was a costly bust. Basic definitions and concepts Marketing: Just to remind ourselves we can say that...
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...loss book you’ll ever read! Wait—let’s stop there. To be honest, I kind of cringe at the thought of this being a weight loss book, because I firmly believe that we are so much more than numbers and that what really matters in life is who we are, not what we weigh. But I understand that you probably picked this book up because you’d like to be healthier and weigh less. I get it! I am very grateful that you are here, and I am excited to share my story and what I’ve learned from working with thousands of women just like you. So even though we’re not calling this a weight loss book, it definitely is a book that will help you release weight. What’s so unconventional about it is that it will tell you to stop dieting, to eat what you love, to ignore the numbers on the bathroom scale, and to change the way you think about controlling your weight. And, unlike most books about weight, we won’t be spending tons of time talking about what to eat. Instead, you’ll learn about balance, which will help you kick dieting and self-loathing to the curb. Listen, I know what you’re thinking: Balance, schmalance. You don’t care about balance. You just want to get rid...
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