...iodine therapy, and surgery. Hypoparathyroidism Hypoparathyroidism is cause by damage to the parathyroid glands usually during thyroid surgery. It also could be caused by genetic syndromes. Another cause of hypoparathyroidism is hypomagnesemia with can decrease the PTH secretion. The lack of PTH causes causes a decrease in calcium and and increase in phosphate levels in the blood. Without PTH the resorption of calcium is impaired in the bone and renal tubules. Hyperphosphatemia could also happen due to the increase in phosphate resorption and decrease in phosphate excretion. Some of the clinical manifestations associated with hypoparathyroidism are very similar to those experienced with hypocalcemia, such as muscle spasms, hyperreflexia, clonic tonic convulsions, laryngeal spasm and many more. The treatment for hypoparathyroidism includes increasing the the serum calcium concentration by giving vitamin D3 or oral calcium. Hyperparathyroidism Hyperparathyroidism is characterized by the increase in PTH function causing hypercalcemia. Hyperparathyroidism can be primary, secondary, or tertiary. Primary hyperparathyroidism is characterized by the increase in parathyroid hormone cause by the parathyroid glands. This could be due to parathyroid adenomas, parathyroid hyperplasia, and parathyroid carcinoma. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is caused by a response of the parathyroid glands when the body is hypocalcemic. Secondary hyperparathyroidism could also be caused by dietary deficiency...
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...expect to spend at least one year in prison. The CSA also addressed trafficking with a maximum five years in prison and a fine of $250,000 if this is the individual’s first felony drug offense. This law has had little effect on actual usage and sales of steroids. The black market for illegal steroids is an estimated $400 million per year (Maryland, 2013). Obtaining steroids is a relatively easy process for anyone with access to the internet. A number of online vendors sell anabolic steroids without a prescription (Ali Mohamadi, 2013). Anabolic steroids can also be obtained through illegal seizure from countries outside of the United States, thefts from legitimate companies, or produced in unauthorized laboratories. Some over the counter dietary supplements may contain this form of steroids without proper...
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...| | |[pic] | |RE: Physical Activity | |Professor Reiterman [pic] | |7/16/2014 8:45:21 PM | | | | | |Mary, you are not alone...I'm sure many of us can attest to feeling the same way. What do you think would be a more successful jump start | |to your "healthier living" regimen: making healthier food choices and incorporating regular exercise, beginning an exercise program that | |motivates you to want to eat healthier, or begin to do BOTH at the same time? There is no right or wrong answer, just "food for thought" | |for anyone wanting to think about it. ...
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...Articles / Health Treatments India’s Ancient Medicine - Ayurveda What is Ayurveda? Considered by many scholars to be the oldest healing science, Ayurveda is a holistic approach to health that is designed to help people live long, healthy, and well-balanced lives. The term Ayurveda is taken from the Sanskrit words ayus, meaning life or lifespan, and veda, meaning knowledge. It has been practiced in India for at least 5,000 years and has only recently became popular in Western cultures. The "contemporary" form of Ayurvedic medicine is mostly derived from several sacred Indian texts which were written in Sanskrit between 1500 BC and 400 AD. The basic principle of Ayurveda is to prevent illness by maintaining balance in the body, mind, and consciousness through proper drinking, diet, and lifestyle, as well as herbal remedies. There are two main types of Ayurveda: traditional and Maharishi. The latter is a version of traditional Ayurveda based on translations from the classical texts by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. Both types of Ayurvedic practitioners prescribe herbs, believe that disease results from an imbalance in the doshas (see below), and use many of the same remedies for treating illness. Maharishi Ayurveda, however, stresses the role of supreme consciousness in maintaining good health, and promotes Transcendental Meditation (TM) as a method for experiencing the pure consciousness of the universe. Maharishi Ayurveda also highlights the need to express positive emotions...
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...To: Mr Sheikh Abdul Muhaimin Bin Sheikh Abdul Majid Managing Director of Solution Medic Sdn. Bhd. From: Mrs Janet Lim Ah Moi Business Development Manager of Solution Medic Sdn. Bhd. Subject: BUSINESS TRIP REPORT TO SEARCH FOR NEW SUPPLEMENTS SUPPLIERS Solution Medic Sdn Bhd is an established company since 1992. We started as a retail pharmacy and expanded to producing our own healthcare and beauty products. We offers innovative products, programs and activities that are designed to benefit consumers, trade partners and the community that we operate in. We carry more than 300 types of health food and natural toiletries that are imported exclusively by us. So to look for enthusiastic and energetic product and partners me with a group of two other representatives from our company have traveled to USA started on 1st Jun 2011 and ended at 15 Jun 2011. Beside me, Mrs Stacey Yong, Pharmacist and Mr Mohd Ikmal Bin Mohd Rashid, Accountant are came along with me to the trip. “Health Minister Datuk Seri Liow Tiong Lai said obesity is becoming the major health issue with the number of obese people almost tripling in the past 15 years from four per cent in 1996 to 14 per cent in 2010. And since obesity is the gateway to other chronic diseases such as high blood pressure, heart and kidney problems, he said the risk of more Malaysians developing these diseases will become greater in future ”- Wed, Feb 10.2010 New Straits Times. From this statement, we tried to...
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...CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Background of the Study The papaya, papaw, or pawpaw is the fruit of the plant Carica papaya, the sole species in the genus Carica of the plant family Caricaceae. It is native to the tropics of the Americas, perhaps from southern Mexico and neighbouring Central America. It was first cultivated in Mexico several centuries before the emergence of the Mesoamerican classical civilizations. Papaya leaves contains coumarin, papain and iron which are the three main essentials that increase blood platelets. Dengue viruses, mosquito-borne members of the Flaviviridae family, are the causative agents of dengue fever. Dengue is the most important emerging viral disease of humans that in recent decades has become a major international public health concern. There is a widespread of dengue cases in every corner of our country. Many people can’t afford to go to hospitals just to get medical assistance especially indigent families. Therefore because of the expensive disbursement in prestigious hospitals such as medicines needed to cure dengue, affected people die without being aided. Most people know about papayas but not many know about the amazing health benefits of Papaya Leaves. Papaya Leaves contain powerful healing compounds that are very important for great health and vitality... and for curing cancer and dengue fever. With the rising number of people catching dengue fever, the demand for papaya leaf juice has soared. The extract of raw papaya leaf...
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...Healthy kidneys clean the blood by removing excess fluid, minerals, and wastes. They also make hormones that keep the bones strong and the blood healthy. After removing the water and waste from the bloodstream, it excretes them through urine (McDonnell & Mallon, 2005). Various conditions can damage your kidneys, including both chronic kidney disease and other conditions that affect the kidneys. If kidney damage becomes too severe, your kidneys lose their ability to function normally. This is called kidney failure or end-stage renal failure. According to the National Kidney Foundation (2005), more than 378,000 Americans suffer from chronic kidney failure and need dialysis or kidney transplantation to stay alive. End-stage renal disease is the name for kidney failure so advanced that it cannot be reversed. Renal is another word for kidney. The “renal” name is appropriate due to the fact that the kidneys in end- stage renal disease functions so poorly that they can no longer keep you alive (McDonnell & Mallon, 2005). End-stage renal disease cannot be treated with conventional medical treatments such as drugs. In chronic kidney disease only two treatments allow you to continue living when your kidneys stop functioning: dialysis and kidney transplantation, but only one offers a longer chance of survival. Dialysis is the term for several different methods of artificially filtering the blood (McDonnell & Mallon, 2005). Dialysis is a procedure that replaces some of the...
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...INTRODUCTION What we ought to see in the agonies of puberty is the result of the conditioning that maims the female personality in creating the feminine. - Germaine Greer The word adolescence is taken from the Latin word “adolescere” which means "to grow up”. Adolescence is a transitional stage of physical, sex and mental human development generally occurring between puberty and legal adulthood, but largely characterized as beginning and ending with the teenage stage. The onset of adolescence is usually associated with the commencement of puberty and the appearance of secondary sex characteristics. The pituitary gland secretes hormones that stimulate enlargement and development of the sex organs, which thus become capable of reproduction. In females the reproductive cycle of ovulation and menstruation begins, pubic hair appears, and development of the breasts and other body contours takes place.1 During this phase of transition from childhood, adolescents are often confused about the physical and emotional changes in their bodies and feel hesitant and embarrassed to discuss them with anyone. Therefore adolescence is a critical period which influences one’s reproductive health and well-being throughout life. Adolescent girls are especially vulnerable to the biological and social changes taking place during this time and their effects, owing to the existing inequity...
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...[pic] Polyclonal Antibodies - Immunoglobulin (IgY) April 2012 Table of Contents 1.0 The Immune System 3 2.0 Antibodies 6 3.0 Avian Antibodies 7 4.0 Why IGY? 8 5 .0 Polyclonal Versus Monoclonal Antibodies………………………………………………………..9 6.0 Purpose of IGY Inc. – Antibody Extraction 10 7.0 IGY for Use in Humans ………………..………………………………………………………….11 8.0 References 15 IGY Immune Technologies & Life Sciences Inc. 1.0 The Immune System The human immune system is comprised of a complex network of lymphoid organs and highly specialized cells that protect the body against infection by recognizing and killing pathogens. This immune system includes lymphatic organs and vessels, lymph nodes, white blood cells, specialized cells and serum factors. The immune system utilizes both the lymphatic vessels and the blood circulatory system to transport white blood cells called lymphocytes through out the body (1). The immune system can be classified as an innate or adaptive system. As a first line of defense against pathogens, we depend on innate immunity. Innate immunity is nonspecific and includes physical barriers such as skin, mucous membranes and secretions with antimicrobial activity including tears and mucous. Pathogens that cross this line of defense are often destroyed by phagocytes which are white blood cells that engulf and digest cellular debris and foreign agents by the process known as phagocytosis...
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...MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING NERVOUS SYSTEM Overview of structures and functions: Central Nervous System Brain Spinal Cord Cranial Nerves Spinal Nerves Sympathetic nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM Peripheral Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System Sympathetic Nervous System (ADRENERGIC) - Involved in fight or aggression response. - Release of Norepinephrine (cathecolamines) from adrenal glands and causes vasoconstriction. - Increase all bodily activity except GIT EFFECTS OF SNS - Dilation of pupils(mydriasis) in order to be aware. - Dry mouth (thickened saliva). - Increase BP and Heart Rate. - Bronchodilation, Increase RR - Constipation. - Urinary Retention. - Increase blood supply to brain, heart and skeletal muscles. - SNS I. Adrenergic Agents - Give Epinephrine. Signs and Symptoms: - SNS Contraindication: - Contraindicated to patients suffering from COPD (Broncholitis, Bronchoectasis, Emphysema, Asthma). II. Beta-adrenergic Blocking Agents - Also called Beta-blockers. - All ending with “lol” - Propranolol, Atenelol, Metoprolol. Effects of Beta-blockers B – roncho spasm E – licits a decrease in myocardial contraction. T – reats hypertension. A – V conduction slows down. Should be given to patients with Angina Pectoris, Myocardial Infarction, Hypertension. ANTI- HYPERTENSIVE AGENTS 1. Beta-blockers – “lol” 2. Ace Inhibitors – Angiotensin, “pril” (Captopril, Enalapril) 3. Calcium Antagonist – Nifedipine (Calcibloc)...
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...AND HYPERTENSION Submitted By: Villavelez, Carmina Anne Z. BSN III-C Submitted to: Mrs. Miraluna Echavez, RN, MN March 2013 UTERINE LEIOMYOMA/ UTERINE FIBROIDS Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths of the uterus that often appear during your childbearing years. Also called fibromyomas, leiomyomas or myomas, uterine fibroids aren't associated with an increased risk of uterine cancer and almost never develop into cancer. As many as 3 out of 4 women have uterine fibroids sometime during their lives, but most are unaware of them because they often cause no symptoms. Your doctor may discover fibroids incidentally during a pelvic exam or prenatal ultrasound. In general, uterine fibroids seldom require treatment. Medical therapy and surgical procedures can shrink or remove fibroids if you have discomfort or troublesome symptoms. Rarely, fibroids can require emergency treatment if they cause sudden, sharp pelvic pain or profuse menstrual bleeding. Symptoms In women who have symptoms, the most common symptoms of uterine fibroids include: * Heavy menstrual bleeding * Prolonged menstrual periods — seven days or more of menstrual bleeding * Pelvic pressure or pain * Frequent urination * Difficulty emptying your bladder * Constipation * Backache or leg pains Rarely, a fibroid can cause acute pain when it outgrows its blood supply. Deprived of nutrients, the fibroid begins to die. Byproducts from a degenerating fibroid can seep into surrounding...
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...Dear nutrition student, Thank you for inquiring about my RD/DTR study guide. And yes, there is no catch, the study guide is COMPLETELY FREE! All I ask for is some feedback. So feel free to shoot me any questions/comments! A little background: This study guide is the culmination of years of my own research. And after careful thought, I put into the study guide what I feel are the most important concepts you need to know for the RD/DTR exam. If you notice, I spent much time teaching you in detail the concepts you need to know, not just “spitting” you questions with little or no explanation. I believe this is important. I know you might be thinking “oh, how am I going to absorb and learn all this material?” I say, just read and answer the questions at your own pace. Simply test yourself and of course take some breaks along the way. Just take it one concept at a time. After you have mastered one concept, then move on to the next. I know if you study whole-heartedly what I have outlined in this study guide, you are sure to pass! GOOD LUCK! YOU CAN DO IT! ϑ Your nutrition friend, -Jonathan Brown, B.S, DTR THE “NO FLUFF” RD/DTR STUDY GUIDE *Updated as of July 2011 The “NO FLUFF” RD/DTR STUDY GUIDE Tips for taking the RD/DTR exam 1. PERIODICALLY CHECK THE CLOCK TO MAKE SURE YOU’RE GOOD ON TIME! If you wish, get a basic digital watch with a timer for...
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...NCSBN ON-LINE REVIEW 1.A client has been hospitalized after an automobile accident. A full leg cast was applied in the emergency room. reason for the nurse to elevate the casted leg is to A) Promote the client's comfort B) Reduce the drying time C) Decrease irritation to the skin D) Improve venous return The most important D: Improve venous return. Elevating the leg both improves venous return and reduces swelling. Client comfort will be improved as well. 2. The nurse is reviewing with a client how to collect a clean catch urine specimen. What is the appropriate sequence to teach the client? A) B) C) D) Clean the meatus, begin voiding, then catch urine stream Void a little, clean the meatus, then collect specimen Clean the meatus, then urinate into container Void continuously and catch some of the urine A: Clean the meatus, begin voiding, then catch urine stream. A clean catch urine is difficult to obtain and requires clear directions. Instructing the client to carefully clean the meatus, then void naturally with a steady stream prevents surface bacteria from contaminating the urine specimen. As starting and stopping flow can be difficult, once the client begins voiding it’s best to just slip the container into the stream. Other responses do not reflect correct technique 3. Following change-of-shift report on an orthopedic unit, which client should the nurse see first? A) B) C) D) 16 year-old who had an open reduction of a fractured wrist 10 hours ago 20 year-old...
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...Turmeric: The Ayurvedic Spice of Life ©2003 Prashanti de Jager Great Healers, in one form or another they are sought out by all of us. Somewhere inside we all seek balanced happy lives and so we seek that which will grant us health and joy. This article is about Turmeric, one of the planet’s great healers. This healer is not obscured in some esoterica and not distanced by a cosmic price tag. As usual with great healers, it is very close to you and readily accessible, in fact, it is probably in your house right now, though it may be hard to believe that such a common item is one of the world’s best all around herbs. The core of its worldwide ubiquity is found while walking through the bazaars of India where you are bound to find a masala wallah, a spice seller, with mounds of Turmeric that he is selling by the kilo. It is a great sight in the midst of mountains of clove buds, black pepper fruits, coriander seeds, cinnamon bark, cardamom pods and all these marvelous colorful spices that the world has loved since Silk Road days. Ayurveda is as full of commonsense as it is humming of the mystical and so, especially since it is an oral tradition, it is with the common people of India, like the spice sellers and the village mothers, that many traditions of herbal knowledge are learned and passed from elder to child for countless generations. In this way the ability of Turmeric is proven and its legacy grows. I have learned so much about ‘common’ herbs from ‘common’ people that I could...
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...00_078973706x_fm.qxd 1/14/08 2:42 PM Page i NCLEX-PN ® SECOND EDITION Wilda Rinehart Diann Sloan Clara Hurd 00_078973706x_fm.qxd 1/14/08 2:42 PM Page ii NCLEX-PN® Exam Cram, Second Edition Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Nor is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. ISBN-13:978-0-7897-2706-9 ISBN-10: 0-7897-3706-x Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rinehart, Wilda. NCLEX-PN exam cram / Wilda Rinehart, Diann Sloan, Clara Hurd. -- 2nd ed. p. cm. ISBN 978-0-7897-3706-9 (pbk. w/cd) 1. Practical nursing--Examinations, questions, etc. 2. Nursing--Examinations, questions, etc. 3. National Council Licensure Examination for Practical/Vocational Nurses--Study guides. I. Sloan, Diann. II. Hurd, Clara. III. Title. RT62.R55 2008 610.73'076--dc22 2008000133 Printed in the United States of America First Printing: February 2008 Trademarks All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately...
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