...WINES AND SPIRITS Assignment on: “Wines in different regions of the World” Wine is the fermented juice of grapes. There are three major types of wine : 1. Table wine (17-22%) 2. Sparkling wine (8-12% + CO2 ) and 3. Fortified wine (17-22%) France is the leading country from the top 10 producers of wine in the world. Subsequently there are: Italy, USA, Spain, Argentina, Germany, South Africa, Australia, Chile and Portugal. Grapes are agricultural products that require specific growing conditions. There are limitations on where vines can be grown. Some of these limitations are: the growing season, the number of days of sunlight, angle of the sun, average temperature, and rainfall. Soil is of primary concern, and adequate drainage is a requisite. The right amount of sun ripens the grapes properly to give them the sugar/acid balance that makes the difference between fair, good, and great wine. Each major wine-producing country has government-sponsored control agencies and laws that regulate all aspects of wine production and set certain minimum standards that must be observed. Some examples: * France : Appellation d’Origine Controlee (AOC) * Italy : Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC) * USA : Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau * Germany : Ministry of Agriculture * Spain : Denominacion de Origen (DO) There are three major grapes from which white wine is produced: 1. Riesling 2. Sauvignon Blanc 3. Chardonnay Regions...
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...Fine Wine Market Outlook 2012 Contents Introduction Methodology The Fine Wine Market in 2012: Challenges and opportunities Survey findings 5 6 7 10 PROFESSIONALS’ WINE NETWORKING Connecting professionals with a shared interest in wine In your city, and around the world With colleagues in the sectors that matter to you Few things form stronger bonds between people than a shared passion for wine. Whether you’re an experienced wine collector or just embarking on wine discovery, we can help power your networking by connecting you with like-minded professionals, in the elds you tell us are relevant to your business and career. The service is free, private, and condential. Simply register your interest at www.wineyields.com, and we’ll contact you privately to set up introductions with complimentary professionals who’d like to share a glass or two. A free reader service, from Wine Yields F INE WINE INVESTMENT SPECIALISTS Best prices for fine wine We have an excellent reputation as advisors on investment grade wines; we trade in them on a daily basis and so are well placed to recommend what and when to buy and sell. We supply the trade and private collectors at the same highly competitive prices. We charge no management or performance fees. • Top prices paid for your wine • Highly regarded fine wine blog • Professional storage available Pantone PMS 273 • Daily fine wine news and extensive news library Pantone 273 Cmyk Suite 5, Claremont House, 22 Claremont...
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...Country Comparison Factbook France vs. Italy Wine Industry Group 16.4 Bram van Veen Caspar Leusink Muhammad Hafidz Randy Hardja Lecturer: Mr.Drs.HenkRitsema Contents Executive Summary 3 Introduction 4 Methods and Frameworks 5 Hofstede’s cultural dimensions 5 Porter’s diamond 7 Porter’s Five Forces Model of Competition 8 Introducing the Wine Industry 9 Overview of Wine Industry 9 French Wine Industry 10 Italian Wine Industry 11 Country comparison 12 Comparison of relevant macro-economic indicators 12 General economic indicators 12 Financial Health 13 Demographic Factors 13 Historical developments 14 Historical Background 14 Global Wine Industry Developments 15 Socio-cultural conditions 17 Cultural Diversity 17 Hofstede 18 Political and Governmental Systems 19 Legal Systems 21 Financial Systems 21 Labour Market 22 Industry Conditions 24 Supply Market Conditions 24 Demand market conditions 24 Threat of New Entrants and Substitute Products 25 Major players and level of competition 27 Level of Competition 28 Recommendations 28 Italy 29 France: 31 Recommendations: 33 References 34 Executive Summary The goal of this factbook is to provide potential investors with information on relevant dimensions regarding the wine industry in Italy and France. The factbook is comparing both of the countries using methodological framework and secondary data. The data we used are obtained through various sources. In the end, Italy is presented...
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...nitrogen-fixing trees were plant as peas and some beans. Transportation was improved with the safer roads and better vehicles. Foodstuff could be moved farther and faster. Seaborne trades were expanded, facilitated sea travel development .Trade road blocked by snow, rain, mud and robbed led to travel difficulties. No one can change the weather.( page 228-229). 3-Forms of Enterprise: Agricultural specialization became common. Cultivation was growing because of suit with condition climate local. In Toulouse, Blue and yellow dyes were made. The central regions of France focused on cereal grains, Bordeaux and Burgundy regions produced wine, Northern Germany specialized in cattle was raising, Northern England favored sheep. Italian wines and olive oil were move from countryside to the city. French wines were prized throughout Europe. English wool and Flemish cloth were carried far and wide. Salt fish from the Baltic. Lumber traveled across the Mediterranean to Muslim world. Spain produced warhorse. Southern Europe supplied the northern demand for spices, oranges, raisins, figs, almonds, and other exotic foodstuffs. Beautifully colored and textured stone was moved to England for the construction of churches and monasteries....
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...9 The Changing Structure Of The Global Wine Industry Michael A. Roberto (E-mail: mroberto@hbs.edu), Harvard Business School Abstract This paper examines the distinctive economic structures that exist in the wine industry in various regions of the world, and it identifies the critical forces driving changes in the structure of this industry. The paper accomplishes these objectives by applying concepts from industrial organization economics, agency theory, and the field of competitive strategy. T he economic structure of an industry affects the intensity of competition and the average profitability of firms in a particular market.1 While strategy scholars have debated the extent to which industry structure explains differences in firm profitability, virtually no one disputes the idea that structural forces have a sizeable impact.2 More recently, researchers have demonstrated that industries exhibit substantial structural differences across various geographic markets around the world. These structural differences are driven by institutional heterogeneity and contrasting patterns of historical development. 3 Over time, the structure of a global industry can change dramatically. In particular, many industries have experienced consolidation in recent years. Industry consolidation raises several important questions for scholars and practitioners. First, why do these structural shifts take place? Second, do structural differences across geographic markets persist as consolidation...
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...in the world back in 1997. Average life expectancy in France is currently 79.73 years. * 54% of French people identify themselves as being Christians, while 31% of people stated that they were not religious. Islam, Buddhism and Judaism are all practised by a minority (just over 1%) of the population * It is estimated that there are between 200,000 and 1 million illegal immigrants in France * France has an estimated population of 64.5 million, making it the 19th largest country (in terms of population) in the world. * France is the most popular tourist destination in the world. Nearly 82 million people traveled to France for holidays in 2007. Spain was the second most popular tourist destination with 58.5 million visitors. * In 2004, only 68.8% of French people aged 15-64 were working. This is a major contributor to the relatively low GDP per capita in France compared with the United States. * France has the most extensive railway system in Western Europe. High speed trains traveling at up to 320 km/h (200mph) are used by commercial rail companies. * France has a civil legal system. This means that the law arises from...
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...not be lent, resold, hired out or otherwise disposed of by way of trade in any form of binding or cover, other than that in which is published, without the prior consent of the Publisher. The Guide is a useful resource for those seeking to gain the internationally recognised CTHCM qualifications. The Guide however must be used together with the recommended textbooks. CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Food Production Methods 3. Food Service Outlets 4. Food Service Methods 5. Food and Beverage Service Staff 6. Menus and Beverage Lists 7. Food and Beverage Service Area and Equipment 8. Food Service – Accompaniments and Covers 9. Food and Beverage Service Sequence 10. Beverage Service – Non Alcoholic Beverages 11. Alcoholic Beverage Service – Wine and Beer 12. Alcoholic Beverage Service – Spirits, Liqueurs and Bar Operations 13. Customer Care and Selling Skills 14. Functions and Events 15. Supervisory Aspect of Food and Beverage Management 1 5 31 46 65 77 92 113 128 167 181 207 228 244 262 1 Introduction Description The aim of Food and Beverage Operations module is to provide students with an understanding of the operational and supervisory aspects of running a food and beverage operations for an international clientele in a range of establishments to encourage an appreciation of the origins of such systems and to understand the various factors involved in meeting customer needs. Students will gain an understanding of food...
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...not be lent, resold, hired out or otherwise disposed of by way of trade in any form of binding or cover, other than that in which is published, without the prior consent of the Publisher. The Guide is a useful resource for those seeking to gain the internationally recognised CTHCM qualifications. The Guide however must be used together with the recommended textbooks. CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Food Production Methods 3. Food Service Outlets 4. Food Service Methods 5. Food and Beverage Service Staff 6. Menus and Beverage Lists 7. Food and Beverage Service Area and Equipment 8. Food Service – Accompaniments and Covers 9. Food and Beverage Service Sequence 10. Beverage Service – Non Alcoholic Beverages 11. Alcoholic Beverage Service – Wine and Beer 12. Alcoholic Beverage Service – Spirits, Liqueurs and Bar Operations 13. Customer Care and Selling Skills 14. Functions and Events 15. Supervisory Aspect of Food and Beverage Management 1 5 31 46 65 77 92 113 128 167 181 207 228 244 262 1 Introduction Description The aim of Food and Beverage Operations module is to provide students with an understanding of the operational and supervisory aspects of running a food and beverage operations for an international clientele in a range of establishments to encourage an appreciation of the origins of such systems and to understand the various factors involved in meeting customer needs. Students will gain an understanding of food...
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...little doubt that the Essai added new life to the organizing principles of economics. But “political economy” does not accurately describe the subject Cantillon addressed. Indeed, he scrupulously avoided political issues in order to concentrate on the mechanics of eighteenth-century economic life. When confronted by “extraneous” factors, such as politics, Cantillon insisted that such considerations be put aside, “so as not to complicate our subject,” he said, thus invoking a kind of ceteris paribus assumption before it became fashionable in economics to do so. This is merely one way in which Cantillon was ahead of his time. He preceded Adam Smith by a generation. Both writers made important foundational contributions to economics, but from perspectives that were quite different. Smith was a philosopher and educator. His approach to economics reflected the concerns and approaches of philosophic...
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...OECD INSIGHTS International Trade Free, Fair and Open? Patrick Love and Ralph Lattimore ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT The OECD is a unique forum where the governments of 30 democracies work together to address the economic, social and environmental challenges of globalisation. The OECD is also at the forefront of efforts to understand and to help governments respond to new developments and concerns, such as corporate governance, the information economy and the challenges of an ageing population. The Organisation provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practice and work to co-ordinate domestic and international policies. The OECD member countries are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The Commission of the European Communities takes part in the work of the OECD. OECD Publishing disseminates widely the results of the Organisation’s statistics gathering and research on economic, social and environmental issues, as well as the conventions, guidelines and standards agreed by its members. This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed...
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...The Three Musketeers by Alexandre Dumas A Penn State Electronic Classics Series Publication The Three Musketeers by Alexandre Dumas is a publication of the Pennsylvania State University. This Portable Document file is furnished free and without any charge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Neither the Pennsylvania State University nor Jim Manis, Faculty Editor, nor anyone associated with the Pennsylvania State University assumes any responsibility for the material contained within the document or for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way. The Three Musketeers by Alexandre Dumas, the Pennsylvania State University, Electronic Classics Series, Jim Manis, Faculty Editor, Hazleton, PA 18201-1291 is a Portable Document File produced as part of an ongoing student publication project to bring classical works of literature, in English, to free and easy access of those wishing to make use of them. Cover Design: Jim Manis; sketch of Dumas in 1869, French artist Copyright © 2000 The Pennsylvania State University The Pennsylvania State University is an equal opportunity university. Alexandre Dumas The Three Musketeers by Alexandre Dumas [Pere] AUTHOR’S PREFACE IN WHICH IT IS PROVED that, notwithstanding their names’ ending in os and is, the heroes of the story which we are about to have the honor to relate to our readers have nothing mythological about them. A short time ago...
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...Waltzing Matilda - What is a Jumbuck Who was Dan Dare's greatest enemy in the Eagle What is Dick Grayson better known as What was given on the fourth day of Christmas What was Skippy ( on TV ) What does a funambulist do What is the name of Dennis the Menace's dog What are bactrians and dromedaries Who played The Fugitive Who was the King of Swing Who was the first man to fly across the channel Who starred as Rocky Balboa In which war was the charge of the Light Brigade Who invented the television Who would use a mashie niblick In the song who killed Cock Robin What do deciduous trees do In golf what name is given to the No 3 wood If you has caries who would you consult What other name is Mellor’s famously known by What did Jack Horner pull from his pie How many feet in a fathom which film had song Springtime for Hitler Name the legless fighter pilot of ww2 What was the name of inn in Treasure Island What was Erich Weiss better known as Who sailed in the Nina -...
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...revise the verdicts of historians on the ground of a renewed investigation of some isolated problem, or in the light of fuller information which has but lately become available. He hopes that he has done this with sufficient modesty. As a rule he has avoided direct controversy and has preferred a positive presentation of the revised position. He is well aware that when offered thus silently the corrections he desires to make are less likely to attract immediate attention than if he directly challenged fallacies which shelter under honoured names. But he writes from mere love of the subjects to which he has been drawn by the circumstances of his position and by local patriotism ; and he has experienced more than once the temporary blindness pro- duced by the dust of conflict. On the other hand he asks for criticism, conscious as he is of his own limitations and desirous of help from the wider knowledge and more practised judgement of professed students of the very varied matters with which he has had to deal. Two of the Essays are of much more than local interest. William of Malmesbury's Enquiry into the Antiquity of the Church of Glaston- bury is a byword among the historians. The great Homer...
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...62118 0/nm 1/n1 2/nm 3/nm 4/nm 5/nm 6/nm 7/nm 8/nm 9/nm 1990s 0th/pt 1st/p 1th/tc 2nd/p 2th/tc 3rd/p 3th/tc 4th/pt 5th/pt 6th/pt 7th/pt 8th/pt 9th/pt 0s/pt a A AA AAA Aachen/M aardvark/SM Aaren/M Aarhus/M Aarika/M Aaron/M AB aback abacus/SM abaft Abagael/M Abagail/M abalone/SM abandoner/M abandon/LGDRS abandonment/SM abase/LGDSR abasement/S abaser/M abashed/UY abashment/MS abash/SDLG abate/DSRLG abated/U abatement/MS abater/M abattoir/SM Abba/M Abbe/M abbé/S abbess/SM Abbey/M abbey/MS Abbie/M Abbi/M Abbot/M abbot/MS Abbott/M abbr abbrev abbreviated/UA abbreviates/A abbreviate/XDSNG abbreviating/A abbreviation/M Abbye/M Abby/M ABC/M Abdel/M abdicate/NGDSX abdication/M abdomen/SM abdominal/YS abduct/DGS abduction/SM abductor/SM Abdul/M ab/DY abeam Abelard/M Abel/M Abelson/M Abe/M Aberdeen/M Abernathy/M aberrant/YS aberrational aberration/SM abet/S abetted abetting abettor/SM Abeu/M abeyance/MS abeyant Abey/M abhorred abhorrence/MS abhorrent/Y abhorrer/M abhorring abhor/S abidance/MS abide/JGSR abider/M abiding/Y Abidjan/M Abie/M Abigael/M Abigail/M Abigale/M Abilene/M ability/IMES abjection/MS abjectness/SM abject/SGPDY abjuration/SM abjuratory abjurer/M abjure/ZGSRD ablate/VGNSDX ablation/M ablative/SY ablaze abler/E ables/E ablest able/U abloom ablution/MS Ab/M ABM/S abnegate/NGSDX abnegation/M Abner/M abnormality/SM abnormal/SY aboard ...
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