...quite liberal and democratic, is in fact paralyzed by the overwhelming power of stereotypes which shape the current image of culture at large and its industries, including music, in particular. Even the most innovative and advanced movements’ turn to be submitted to the canons of the ideology that dominates in American culture. Unfortunately, such a situation does not contribute to the development of really free, liberal and focused on spiritual, moral and intellectual progress of the consumers of the culture. Probably one of the most interesting, new and, unfortunately, typical example of the domination of stereotypes in American culture is the development of female black rap music, which has become particularly intensive in 1980s and is still quite dynamically developing. At first glance black female rap music should be free from traditional stereotypes, it should be innovative and contributing to black female emancipation and increasing the role of black females in the society at large but, in actuality, the situation is absolutely different. Despite the fact that many female rappers pretend to be unique at developing the new image of a free and independent black female, it turns to be that practically all of them, or at least the most popular of them, are ideologically dependent on the male dominance in proper and figurative sense of this word. It means that as a rule black female rappers tend to create an image which can be well accepted by the wide audience and which...
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...criticized various times for this reason. The excuses used to justify the misogyny in rap are inadequate and lack accurate support. The most effective way for this continuous cycle to end is if the fight and protest comes from the women themselves. Men are the problem in the objectification of women but in order for it to stop, women need to step up and take control of the situation. Misogyny and degradation of women does exist in almost every genre of music, yet the Elmhorst 2 one genre that completely revolves around belittling women is rap. The topic of women being negatively portrayed in rap music is a topic that has been research and examined in several research studies. The first scholarly article is called, “Effects of Black Sexual Stereotypes on Sexual Decision Making Among African American Women” by Sarita Davis and Aisha Tucker-Brown is a study...
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...Portrayal of Women in Rap and Music Videos :: 4 Works Cited Length: 1724 words (4.9 double-spaced pages) Rating: Blue Price: $24.95 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Misogyny and degradation of women is present in almost every genre of music, yet the one genre that completely revolves around demeaning women is rap. Over the years rap and rap music videos have continually become more sexual and degrading towards women. Rap has been criticized numerous times for this reason, and that is because rap is one of the most popular genres of music for the younger generations. It is more than a genre of music, it is a complete industry filled with clothing and other merchandise. The reason this constant demeaning of women exists is because rap as a genre that rewards the objectification of women. The excuses used to justify the misogyny in rap are incomplete and lack accurate support. The most effective way for this continuous cycle ends, is if the fight and protest comes from the women themselves. Men are the problem in the objectification of women but in order for it to stop, women need to step up and take control of the situation. Women need to act sooner rather than later because in recent years the rap industry has become more and more sexual. Ra... ... middle of paper ... ...Society 113 (2000): 255-69. JSTOR. 29 November 2009 . McLune, Jennifer. "Hip-Hop's Betrayal of Black Women." Perspective on Contemporary Issues. 5th...
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...Agree, or Disagree, with Black Sexual Politics Author, Collins, Patricia Hall, orchestrated an opinion supported article entitled, “Why Black Sexual Politics?” While reading through this, twenty-seven page piece, I understood how the author formulated the thoughts of Blacks and their “sexual roles” in politics. Collins, primarily shows her powerful focus on African-American women; this was created through the talk of sexually suggestive female artists and girl groups, past to present, such as: Sarah Bartmann, Josephine Baker, Destiny’s Child, and Jennifer “J-Lo” Lopez. Her focus was of how they were depicted through the spectacles of Americans; she then proceeds to proclaim, later, that both genders are sexually repressive in today’s society; and that’s where the disagreement, for me, comes in. I believe that the “Western Perception” existed, but is self-defined, and that’s what I agree with, I disagree with the image of the “Black” male figure, in result of sexuality, and that the “Black” females whether of color, or fully black, are depicted more than that of sexually suggestive specimens. Focusing on the statement of the “Western Perception”, given by Collins; “…Western social thought associates Blackness with an imagined uncivilized…sexuality…untamed sexuality characterizes Western representation of women and men…” (p.27). I absolutely agree with the authors agreement of the way this perception is idolized; the western perception is defined through the eyes of who’s, for...
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...in turn lead to many young lives lost between the African American culture and the Latino culture. With fire in their lungs and pain in their hearts Hip Hop and Rap was born. Many called it their way out of the burning hell on earth. More than 60 years ago African Americans and Latinos turned spoken word and poetry in what is now called Rap. They used is as a way to express themselves when no one wanted to hear what they had to say on a daily basis. In the 60s Rap and Hip Hop was a way many African American men expressed their thoughts without ending up behind bars or beaten to death. Once Rap became mainstream many listeners let go of the beat and listened to the message behind the beat, they started to focus on the lyrics. While being freed from slavery, African American were still slaves to the abuse and being mistreated in American and many didn’t have a fire behind the anger to make a stand. Rap lyrics that held a strong uplifting message gave many people those flames to stand and fight for their rights. In an article I recently read that Rap is linguistics major’s dream while also being their worst nightmare. I didn’t read on to see why the writer stated that because I held my own beliefs as to why this may be true. While rap lyrics hold so much meaning to those listeners it can also be confusing to those who do not agree with the rapper’s lyrics. Within rap there is also many dialects and registers. When listening to a local rapper it can be much easier to understand what...
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...Research Evaluation: The Behavior of African American People through Hip Hop Music Papi Jean Florida Memorial University Introduction The Growth of Hip Hop in America As hip hop continues to grow into a major aspect of the modern African American culture, the studies intend to distinguish the mass outlook of black people in America. It is incredible that this single genre of music has transformed into a vital communication mechanism for an entire race and may even become larger in future generations of African American people. The other races, in America, have gotten an idea of African Americans through the controversial rap music in which black people use to communicate with each other, and outsiders; the non-blacks. The study revolves mainly around the attitudes which have deemed as common in the black culture; rap music has always been open for interpretation which can lead to danger. The music has become so popular and influential to the youth that many crimes have been linked to the music which fuels an efficient form controversy in America. Do people receive the negative aspects of rap more than the positive aspects? If so, then why? Also, why are the positive approaches of hip hop not made commercial rather than the sex, drugs, and violence? There is belief that the music has a great influence on how the other races in America view the black culture. It is not certain whether rap music is more negative than positive, but it is obviously a notorious topic for many...
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...THE MEANING OF 'INDEPENDENT WOMAN'' IN MUSIC MiA MOODY Introduction Rapper Roxanne Shanté's 1989 rendition of "Independent Woman," explored relationships and admonished women not to dote on partners who do not reciprocate or to buy into the fairytale dream that a man would always take care of them. The definition of an "Independent Woman" in the Urban Dictionary, a predominantly African American written and defined Web site, is "A woman who pays her own bills, buys her own things, and does not allow a man to affect her stability or self-confidence. She supports herself on her own entirely and is proud to be able to do so." Another depiction of independence is found in Tina Portis' video clip titled the "Deception of the Independent Woman" posted to YouTube in 2010. Portis, an entrepreneur and former single mother, offers her opinion on statistics showing 42% of U.S. black women have never been married and are "independent" because they focus on achievement, often waiting too long to compete for the small number of black men who are equal in status (Johnson, 2010). In the video, she asserts that independent women do not need a pat on the back for doing what grownups are supposed to do: pay their bills, buy houses and cars, etc. She adds that independence discourages relationships as people begin to believe they can do everything alone, so they do not need a mate. Mia Moody, PhD, is a professor of journalism at Baylor University. She is the author of ...
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...reactions to us taking the role of the other- putting yourself in someone else's shoes; understanding how someone else feels and thinks, so you anticipate how that person will act significant other- an individual who significantly influences someone else generalized other- the norms, values, attitudes, and expectations of people “in general”; the child's ability to take the role of the generalized other is a significant step in the development of a self id- Freud's term for our inborn basic drives ego- Freud's term for a balancing force between the id and the demands of society superego- Freud's term for the conscience; the internalized norms and values of our social groups gender- the behaviors and attitudes that a society considers proper for its males and females; masculinity or femininity gender socialization- learning society's “gender map,” the paths in life set out for us because we are male or female peer group- a group of individuals, often of roughly the same age, who are linked by common interests and orientations mass media- forms of communication, such as radio,...
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...Education inequalities and achievements In this essay different in educational achievements of social groups including class, gender and ethnicity as well as difference in achievement caused by out of school factors and in school factors will be discussed. Education has had a huge impact to peoples lives and there is a significant difference in the educational achievement based class, ethnicity and gender. A child`s social background has a huge impact on the success in education and their life in future. On average children from middle class families perform well in school, get better GCSE results, stay longer in full time education than children from the working class families. Majority of children from middle class families will go to university compared to the children from working class families. Statistics show that 77% of students from parents with higher professional jobs will achieve 5 or more GCSE, 66% from parents with lower professional, 40% from parents with intermediate jobs and 33% from parents with routine jobs or unemployed, reason being that most middle class parents will afford to take children to private schools or pay for private tuition (webb, r etal2008). We operationalize the concept of class in school by using the access of free school meals (FSM), which is offered to children whose parents get unemployment benefit and come from deprived areas. There is a huge difference in education attainment between pupil receiving FSM and not receiving FSM, Statistics...
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...up going to trial have a low rate of punishment for perpetrators (Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network, 2008). Rape is a powerful tool of sexual violence because women are forced to assume the position of powerless victim, one who has no control over what is happening to her body. The ability to silence its victims also erases evidence of the crime, thus leading to a higher incidence of underreporting. Rape is part of a system of male dominance. This system has lead to opinions that the female body, especially the black female body, is available for men at their leisure, thus leading to a society tolerant of prostitution and sexual violence against low-income black women. Race is one of the predicting factors of sexual violence. Although 80% of all victims are white, minorities are more likely to be attacked (Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network, 2008). Since the black female body is hypersexualized, due to negative media images, black women face injustices when trying to pursue justice for an unjust attack on their bodies. Societal male dominance has created an environment where sexual violence is tolerated; this environment combined with the social position of low-income black women in the United States has lead to disproportionate sexual victimization of black women, which is exacerbated by injustices in the United States legal system. The intersection of oppression due to social position, race and gender results in poor black women being extremely vulnerable to sexual...
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...3 Sources of Moral Obligation by Josephson Institute on February 14, 2011 A duty is an obligation to act in a certain way. When the obligation is based on moral and ethical considerations, it is a moral duty. Often we think about moral duties in terms of rules that restrain us, the “don’ts,” as in don’t lie, cheat, or steal. Such rules comprise the so-called negative dimension of moral duty because they tell us what not to do. Since ethics is concerned with the way we ought to be, however, it also includes an affirmative dimension consisting of things we should do — keep promises, judge others fairly, treat people with respect, kindness and compassion. Sources of Moral Obligation Moral obligations can arise from three sources. The first, strangely enough, is law. 1. Law-Based Moral Obligations. Good citizens have a moral as well as a legal obligation to abide by laws; it is part of the assumed social contract of a civilized society. If a law is unjust, however, (such as those that mandated ethnic and religious persecution during the Nazi regime and those that discriminated against a person on the basis of race in South Africa and elsewhere) there may be a moral obligation to disobey it under the specific and demanding doctrine of civil disobedience. Many, but by no means all, of these moral standards of conduct are so fundamental to healthy social relations that they have been codified into laws. For example, most aspects of the moral duty to not endanger or harm others...
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...Hate Crimes in American Society in the Twentieth and Twenty-first Centuries Sample Student Research Paper Project of Sociology Table of Contents I. Thesis Statement…………………………………………….………….....Page 4 II. Introduction and Summary………………………………….………….....Page 4 III. Literature Review………………………………………………………....Page 6 IV. Methods………………………………………………………….......….. Page 16 V. Socio-Historical Analysis………………………………………………. .Page 18 A. 20th Century 1. Lynching 2. Ku Klux Klan 3. Rodney King and the Los Angeles Riots 4. Matthew Shepard B. 21st Century 1. Post 9/11 2. Jena Six VI. Cause and Effect Analysis…………………………………………… ....Page 24 A. Causes 1. Prejudice a. Stereotypes b. Scapegoats c. Presence of Hate in American Culture d. Need for Status and Power 2. Reasons for Crime a. Sending a Message b. Thrill Seeking c. Defensive B. Effects 1. Psychological Trauma 2. Undo Social Progress 3. Community Unrest 4. Threat of Retaliation VII. Descriptive Analysis……………………………………………….........Page 30 A. Description of Victims 1. Bias against a Particular Race 2. Bias against a Particular Religion 3. Bias against a Particular Sexual Orientation 4. Bias against a Particular Ethnicity/National Origin 5. Bias against a Disability B. Description of Offenses and Offenders This must be your new section? VIII. Comparative Analysis…………………………………………………. Page 36 A. United States Justice Department Definition of Hate Crime B. International Justice...
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...The Swiss Luxury Watchmaking Industry A general overview and a closer look at the celebrity endorsement and sponsorship communication strategy used by the leaders. Karine Gautschi January 2005 HEC Lausanne – Hautes Etudes Commerciales, MIM – Master of International Management Thesis Director, MIM: Professor Stéphane Garelli Expert, Omega: Jean-Pascal Perret Table of Contents 1 2 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 LUXURY WATCH INDUSTRY: A SHORT OVERVIEW .................................................. 3 2.1 2.2 3 DEFINITION AND PRICE SEGMENTATION ........................................................................ 3 LUXURY BRANDS AND THEIR POSITIONING ..................................................................... 5 ANALYSIS OF THE LUXURY WATCH INDUSTRY........................................................ 7 3.1 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS .......................................................................................... 9 Capital requirement ............................................................................................ 9 Brand recognition ............................................................................................... 9 Distribution........................................................................................................ 15 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.2 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS .........................................
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...The Swiss Luxury Watchmaking Industry A general overview and a closer look at the celebrity endorsement and sponsorship communication strategy used by the leaders. Karine Gautschi January 2005 HEC Lausanne – Hautes Etudes Commerciales, MIM – Master of International Management Thesis Director, MIM: Professor Stéphane Garelli Expert, Omega: Jean-Pascal Perret Table of Contents 1 2 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 LUXURY WATCH INDUSTRY: A SHORT OVERVIEW .................................................. 3 2.1 2.2 3 DEFINITION AND PRICE SEGMENTATION ........................................................................ 3 LUXURY BRANDS AND THEIR POSITIONING ..................................................................... 5 ANALYSIS OF THE LUXURY WATCH INDUSTRY........................................................ 7 3.1 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS .......................................................................................... 9 Capital requirement ............................................................................................ 9 Brand recognition ............................................................................................... 9 Distribution........................................................................................................ 15 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.2 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS .........................................
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...Roediger 11. Reproducing Empire: Race, Sex, Science, and U.S. Imperialism in Puerto Rico, by Laura Briggs 12. meXicana Encounters: The Making of Social Identities on the Borderlands, by Rosa Linda Fregoso 13. Popular Culture in the Age of White Flight, by Eric Avila 14. Ties That Bind: The Story of an Afro-Cherokee Family in Slavery and Freedom, by Tiya Miles 15. Cultural Moves: African Americans and the Politics of Representation, by Herman S. Gray Cultural Moves African Americans and the Politics of Representation Herman S. Gray UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Berkeley . Los Angeles . London Chapter 1 appeared as “The New Conditions of Black Cultural Production, Or Prefiguring of a Black Cultural Formation,” in Between Law and Culture: Relocating Legal Studies, ed. L.C. Bower,...
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