...Differentiating Reasoning Taryn D. Hall CRT/205 11/27/2013 Victor Thompson In the article that I reviewed Cell Phone Use and Texting Account for Many Traffic Fatalities, I believe this be a form of inductive reasoning. Inductive reasoning is defined as reasoning from detailed facts to general principles. After reading chapter 8 in our text Critical Thinking, this article seem to fit the guidelines. In the article, the author’s argument is that the use of cell phones is a major distraction and is very dangerous to use while operating a vehicle. The text states “The more numerous and diversified the similarities are between the analogues, the stronger the argument, and the more numerous and diversified the differences, the weaker the argument”. There article provided statistics and stories of accidents caused by distracted driving in order to reason with the audience to refrain from cell phone usage while driving. The second article that I reviewed was The Fashion Industry Promotes Eating Disorders. This article appears to be a form of deductive argument. A deductive argument is defined as the process of reasoning from one or more premises to reach a logically certain conclusion. The argument in this article was the by the fashion industry promoting very thin models to the media that the average size woman felt pressured to look as the models do. The claim is that even though most of the images that are portrayed by the media aren’t real, woman...
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...Differentiating Reasoning CRT 205 August 21, 2011 Article #1: "Homeschoolers Deserve Equal Access to Extracurricular Activities." In this article I believe that the author used a deductive argument. The issue described pertains to the population of home schooled children in the state of Alabama having the right to participate in interscholastic extracurricular activities. The author argues several points that lead to the same conclusion; that homeschoolers have the same right to join extracurricular sports in the community as public or private school children. “Interscholastic extracurricular activities are an important complement to the academic curriculum. Participation in a comprehensive extracurricular and academic program contributes to student development of the social and intellectual skills necessary to become a well-rounded adult.” “Public schools do not "own" competitive athletics; they belong to the students, their families, and the residents of Alabama.” Several valid premises are made through this argument that I believe make it deductive. “A homeschooled student is a student just the same as a public or private schooled student and therefore deserves equal and fair treatment, especially by the state sponsored educational establishment. This should apply to athletics as well as academics.” Another point that was made, that I find to be a little disturbing, is the premise that an illegal immigrant can enroll a child into our public school...
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...Week & Assignment- Differentiating Reasoning Breah Lynch CRT/205 November 25, 2012 Susan Tutan-Gonzales Week & Assignment- Differentiating Reasoning Re-evaluate the articles you examined from the Opposing Viewpoint Resource Center in the University Library in Week Two. Address the following issues in a 250- to 350-word response for each article: • Discuss whether the author used deductive argument or inductive reasoning. • Identify the deductive argument, or some of the supporting information for the inductive reasoning. • Explain your answer using the course materials to support your findings. Article 1: “Biofuels Are Not a Viable Renewable Energy” Written by: Danny Chivers In this essay the author attempts to prove that biofuels are not a viable renewable energy source. He uses facts that are both relevant and sound to prove his conclusion. He gave many examples of how biofuels could be used locally, but that on a global scale it would be pointless, and potentially more harmful. I believe that the author is using a deductive argument to prove his argument, because he uses many facts, such as the statistics from reports and research that has been done, and he gives sufficient evidence to support his deduction. He gives several reasons that biofuels are not a viable renewable energy source, such as: the potential danger it would put on food stores and food crop prices, the indirect emissions resulting from destroying peat land or rainforest to build...
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...Differentiating Reasoning Beth Ray CRT/205 5/30/13 Chrishell, Lewis Differentiating Reasoning The deductive argument discussing the Embryotic Stem Cell Research is vague. The topic discusses how to do it and why it should be done, but there isn’t any proof that it has been done on a human in this particular article. There are several premises and claims. The first that I would like to discuss is the claim that “taking a small tissue sample from an individual and using cloning technology” generates new cells that can be created and inserted in the area where the destroyed cells will be replaced with new cells and the disease cells will possibly be repaired along with people that have spinal injuries. Their stem cells are inserted back into the individual, they could potentially replace the faulty cells that are responsible for stopping diseases such as “Parkinson's and Alzheimer's and could repair spinal cord injuries.” Cloning (2011) It has been stated that embryotic stem cell research has no human thoughts or limbs. This type of argument is category because the claims that are stated have not been proven, it is theory that stem cell replacement will cure diseases and helps rejuvenate dead brain cell activity and this is based on the embryonic cell would be placed into a donor egg where it would then multiply. The way the stem cell would multiply is by electrical stimulation. How this process would be done is a sample of cells would be taken from an individual,...
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...Critical Thinking Notes for Quiz 1)Collection of Information Skill and defination | Why important | How | Question to ask | a) Identifying assumption: Recognizing when something is taken for granted or presented as fact without supporting evidence (e.g., you might assume a woman on a maternity unit has just had a baby) | By identifying assumptions, you begin to apply logic to the situation and avoid jumping to conclusions and making errors in judgment. | To identify assumptions, make sure that you have a complete picture of what's going on with the patient | What's being taken for granted here?” and “How do I know that I've got the facts right?” | b)Assessing systematically and comprehensively: Using an organized, systematic approach that enhances your ability to discover all the information needed to fully understand a person's health status (e.g., What are the actual and potential problems? What needs aren't being met? What are the person's strengths and resources?) | Having an organized approach to assessment prevents you from forgetting something Use both subjective and objective data | You must decide the purpose of your assessment and use an approach that gets the information needed to achieve your purpose. For example, medical assessments focus on identifying diseases or organ or system problems, rather than problems with human responses or activities of daily living | What infor I Need to know in order to treat this person?What would be my approach for this...
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...------------------------------------------------- The Business Edge Program – giving employers what they want The development of employability skills, commonly referred to as key, core or generic skills, in business graduates is of increasing importance to employers worldwide. This focus on fostering skills, attributes and knowledge which better prepare students for the workplace is not a new concept but one recognised in both education and industry as now being a pivotal element of business undergraduate education. In 2002, the Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry [ACCI] and the Business Council of Australia [BCA] developed a national framework for employability skills (Department of Education, Science and Training [DEST], 2002), see table below. In line with changing global and national business environments, a more contemporary employability framework is needed to first, reflect evolving industry requirements and second, to provide the Business Edge (BE) program with a clear set of program outcomes. As a core component of the Bachelor of Business, BE is based on a framework which captures and reflects current employer preferences and priorities (see table below); ensuring that ECU business graduates meet the expectations of today’s employers. 2002 Employability skills framework1 | ECU Graduate Attributes | 2010 BE Employability Skills framework2 | Communication | Ability to communicate | Communicating effectively | Teamwork | Ability to work in teamsCross...
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...From Lecture & Handouts: A. Know the steps in Halpern's framework for critical thinking. Reviewed below. B. Know the names of the eight activities (each has an alternate term, but just need to know the main ones on the picture), and be able to match up descriptions of these activities with the correct name. SEE YOUR HANDOUT. C. Know the steps in the paramedic method, and be prepared to apply them to a problem sentence. Steps given below. Diana Halpern's (1996) Framework for Critical Thinking Definition: Critical thinking is the use of cognitive skills or strategies that increase the probability of a good outcome. CT is purposeful, reasoned, and goal-directed. Answer the following questions: 1. What is the goal? First step in improving thinking is to be clear about the goal or goals. Sometimes there are multiple goals; sometimes the goal changes as we work on a problem. If the overall goal is not OPERATIONAL (i.e., "get a good grade" or "reach a good decision"), then identify operational goals (write clearly, address all elements of the assignment, evaluate the consequences of alternative decisions). 2. What is known? Review what is known. You may know more than you realize, once you start taking a census. You may also realize that some of the apparently information is not certain at all. If you are completing an assignment or solving a problem for someone else, review guidelines for the assignment and ask yourself what the person cares about and...
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...Logical Reasoning The Logical Reasoning Section The focus of this book is on the Logical Reasoning section of the LSAT, and each Logical Reasoning section contains a total of 24 to 26 questions. Since you have thirty-five minutes to complete the section, you have an average of approximately one minute and twenty-five seconds to complete each question. Of course, the amount of time you spend on each question will vary with the difficulty of each question and the total number of questions per section. For virtually all students the time constraint is a major obstacle, and as we progress through this book we will discuss time management techniques as well as time-saving techniques that you can employ within the section. The Section Directions Each Logical Reasoning section is prefaced by the following directions: “The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages. For some questions, more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question. However, you are to choose the best answer; that is, the response that most accurately and completely answers the question. You should not make assumptions that are by commonsense standards implausible, superfluous, or incompatible with the passage. After you have chosen the best answer, blacken the corresponding space on your answer sheet.” On average, you have 1 minute and 25 seconds to complete each question. Because these directions precede every Logical Reasoning section...
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...This short paper will cover the trait of independence, and it will answer a few questions posed to look at the trait of independence from a few different angles. These angles include personal definitions of the trait and how a person should be able to demonstrate that trait. The paper will cover how the AICPA looks at Independence, how the State of Texas vies this trait, and a look at a current article showing the impacts of the trait independence. Upon the conclusion of this paper the reader will have a better understanding of how independence in accounting is defined and how to identify it As we see defined in our class text on page 162 is that independence is defined as, "the state of mind that permits the performance of an attest service without being affected by influences that compromise professional judgment, thereby allowing an individual to act with integrity and professional skepticism. To appear to be independent, the CPA should avoid circumstances that might cause an informed third party to reasonably conclude that the integrity, objectivity, or professional skepticism of a firm or member of the audit (attest) engagement team has been compromised." Within the frame work of my own personal definition I define independence as having the ability to have both the personal courage and institutional ability to analyze, state conclusions, and act in the best interests of the public. As pulled from http://www.tsbpa.state.tx.us/firms/alt-business-structure.html on...
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...The first scientist who created life, do you think he would be the most important character in the novel? Yes, Victor Frankenstein is the most important character in the novel Frankenstein. One reason why victor is the most important character thus far is because he was introduced at the very beginning of the story. "It was, in fact, a sledge , like that we had seen before, which had drifted towards us on a large fragment of ice. Only one dog remained alive; but there was a human being within it whom the sailors were persuading to enter the vessel" shows that Victor was introduced by boarding Robert Walton's ship. This connects to my topic of why he is the most important character because since he is introduced at the beginning readers will infer that he is a main character. Another reason why he is an important character is because his thoughts and emotions have been mentioned multiple times throughout chapters 1-10. One example of when his emotions were mentioned was on page 43 when Victor says "I had desired it with an ardour that far exceeded moderation;but now that i had finished, the beauty of the dream vanished, and breathless horror and disgust filed my heart" (Shelley,43). This relates to my topic because the book has mentioned his emotions and feelings more then it has for any other character. Throughout chapters one through 10 different aspects of Victor's life are shown. For example, his family, childhood...
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...Critical Thinking Essay We have many different levels of thinking. Some of the things that we do in our lives, such as breathing, walking, blinking, etc become almost instinctive and we really do not have to think much about them. Some things require more thought, such as deciding what to eat, or what to wear for a particular occasion. There are even higher levels of thinking and these include our critical thinking abilities. Many scholars have noted that critical thinking is more of a skill than a process and it mainly consists of evaluating arguments. It is a purposeful, self-regulatory judgment which results in interpretation, analysis, evaluation, and inference, as well as explanations of the evidential, conceptual, methodological, or contextual considerations upon which the judgment is based (Astleitner 2002). In general, "critical thinking" is a mental activity of evaluating arguments or propositions and making judgments that can guide the development of beliefs and taking action. It has also been found that experts from economy and education nominated critical thinking as the most important skill in knowledge management (Astleitner 2002). It is very important to make decisions the right decisions quickly, and this usually requires critical thinking on the part of the decision maker (Abelson and Levi 1998; Carroll and Johnson 1990). Decisions can be very simple (deciding what you are going to eat for lunch today) or very complex (deciding where and how to build your house)...
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...Thinking and Decision Making Joshua Bustos, Markethia Hughes, William Huntzinger, Gabriella Nava, and Patricia Williamson MGT 350 February 27, 2012 Courtney Wilson Thinking and Decision Making Logical Thinking Everyone is born with the ability to reason, even on a primary level. Logical thinking is a process in solving problems that requires reasoning. The word logic is from ancient Greek. Logic is a science that studies the principles of correct reasoning. There are two types of logical reasoning induction and deduction. Inductive reasoning is also known as inductive logic is the process of reasoning for specific evidence, observation, or experimentation. Inductive reasoning individuals do every day in his or her lives. Deductive thinking is also known as deductive logic the process of reasoning based on common knowledge. A logical thinker needs to recognize illogical thinking. Critical thinkers will ask questions to determine if the issue is logical or illogical for instance; do the pieces fit together logically? Are you really sure this makes sense? Are you certain it is in the publication? It is imperative the questions that are asked needs to be specific and precise to the situation or issue. If there is any inconsistences exist when finish asking the questions it is more likely the thinking path is illogical. It is important for logical thinkers to follow the facts for creditability to the situation or issue. In another words “When the combined thoughts...
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...distinguish between fact and opinion, ask questions, make detailed observations, uncover assumptions and define their terms and make assertions based on sound logic and solid evidence. Next thing, I can tell you the most significant things I have learned about critical thinking and how my critical thinking has changed since this course. The most significant things that I have learned about critical thinking, that critical thinking is based on concepts and principles, not on hard and fast, or step- by- step procedures. Critical thinking does not assure that one will reach either the truth or correct conclusions. Critical thinking is hard intellectual work. Critical thinking is an intellectual skill that can be learned and improved. All reasoning, thinking, learning: starts and progresses with questions and a need to understand, occurs within points of views, and frames of reference, proceeds from some goals and objectives, has an informational base; uses data/information that must be interpreted and this...
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...How can critical thinking be more applicable in the contemporary society with reference to the following aspects Social, economic, political, intellectual. Critical thinking is an important element of all professional fields and academic disciplines (by referencing their respective sets of permissible questions, evidence sources, criteria, etc.). Within the framework of scientific skepticism, the process of critical thinking involves the careful acquisition and interpretation of information and use of it to reach a well-justified conclusion. The concepts and principles of critical thinking can be applied to any context or case but only by reflecting upon the nature of that application. Critical thinking forms, therefore, a system of related, and overlapping, modes of thought such as anthropological thinking, sociological thinking, historical thinking, political thinking, business person, etc. In other words, though critical thinking principles are universal, their application to disciplines requires a process of reflective contextualization. Critical thinking is considered important in the academic fields because it enables one to analyze, evaluate, explain, and restructure their thinking, thereby decreasing the risk of adopting, acting on, or thinking with, a false belief. For example when students join high school they are usually told that mathematics is hard but a student who thinks critically will first practice it then come up with his /her own conclusion about the subject...
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...Week 5 Individual Reflection Paper HUM/114 September 17th, 2012 Critical thinking is an ability that is essential in order for a person to make educated decisions. A critical thinker is open to unconventional solutions and seeks to be well informed of credible information sources. This is crucial when attempting to draw a conclusion based on facts and all aspects of the situation at hand. It is important to acknowledge assumptions, reasons, and conclusions while critically thinking. The critical thinker also produces hypothesis and can support their point with a knowledgeable argument. Considering the trustworthiness of information sources is an extremely important portion of the critical thinking progression. It would be problematic to construct a knowledgeable decision if the specifics were incorrect or irrelevant to the setting. Asking the appropriate clarifying questions is another vital step in critical thinking. By establishing a purpose to the thought, an individual can determine which direction the effect will yield. Establishing a conceivable hypothesis is conventionally the result and end-goal of critical thinking. This is the product of gathering credible information, asking the appropriate questions, controlling uneducated assumptions, and determining a purpose for the research. This course has helped me define and utilize critical thinking in everyday tasks. I now look at things a little more in-depth, even if I do not want to come to a conclusion....
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