...DIFFERENTIATION-It is one of the generic marketing strategy approach under which a firm aims to develop and market unique products for different customer segments A firm differentiates itself from its competitors “when it provides something unique that is valuable to buyers beyond simply offering a low price.” Every firm has opportunities for differentiating its offering to customers, although the range of differentiation opportunities depends on the characteristics of the product. An automobile or a restaurant offers greater potential for differentiation than standardized products such as cement, wheat, or computer memory chips. These latter products are called “commodities” precisely because they lack physical differentiation. Yet, even commodity products can be differentiated in ways that create customer value: “Anything can be turned into a value-added product or service for a well-defined or newly created market,” Analyzing differentiation requires looking at both the firm (the supply side) and its customers (the demand side). While supply-side analysis identifies the firm’s potential to create uniqueness, the critical issue is whether such differentiation creates value for customers, and whether the value created exceeds the cost of the differentiation. By understanding what customers want, how they choose, and what motivates them, we can identify opportunities for profitable differentiation. Differentiation strategies are not about pursuing uniqueness for the sake of being...
Words: 667 - Pages: 3
...Differentiation Framework Throughout our lesson we have learned about people decisions and how many different important factors play a part in becoming a successful manager. Understanding how to make strategic decisions and how its importance to a company is crucial, in order for growth and success to be produced. An important factor in a company success is having in the right people in the right positions. Differentiation is a way to manage people and businesses. Differentiation can be used as a management system to determine the right people and business strategies that will transform a company to be exceptional. Although, differentiation is a unique approach, it will separate the strong from the weak bottom performing people. Many companies fail because they don’t make it a priority to manage their people by a management system. Majority of the time the organization depends upon the personal style of the leader in charge to manage their people; they have no strategies in place to guide them. Companies should design a workforce in a particular way that will add value and grow the company strategic objectives. Differentiation is a management system that could help lead to the success of a company tremendously. 1. Discuss the strengths, pitfalls, and underlying assumptions of differentiating employees in the manner suggested in Jack Welch’s frameworks. According to Welch, companies suffer when every business and person is treated equally and bets are sprinkled...
Words: 1037 - Pages: 5
...Cost and Differentiation Strategies A.Cost Reduction as competitive advantage Cost Advantage (=> cost efficiency => cost cutting : restructuring, outsourcing, lean production…)is normally considered as the primary basis for competitive advantage in an industry. The Key to cost-cutting is the study of the 8 factors that determine a firm’s cost position : 1. Economies of scale Economies of scale exist wherever an increase in the amount of inputs employed in a production process results in a greater increase in total output. As the scale of production increases, the unit cost fall. 3 principal sources : 1. Technical input-output relationships : increases in output do not require proportionate increases in inputs. Ex 5l bottle of water not cost 5times 1l 2. Indivisibilities : Inputs unavailable in small sizes offer economies of scale as long as the company is able to spread the costs to these items over larger volumes of output. 3. Specialization : Mass production involves breaking down the production process into a series of separate tasks to be performed by specialized workers using specialized equipment. Other Scale than scale production : packaged consumer (12packs of cigarettes…), scale in marketing (distribution industry). Limits to scale economies : 3 reasons for not choosing scale economies 1. Differentiation : higher prices for niche market outweighs higher cost of the small volume production 2. Flexibility : Adapt rapidly to new...
Words: 1012 - Pages: 5
...Positioning and Differentiation Paper September 3, 2012 Positioning and Differentiation Paper A well-planned marketing and branding approach will offer a course of action for the development of an effective marketing campaign in many different types of organizations. A hospitals marketing and branding strategies are key factors of consideration in the development of comprehensive marketing plan; they are also key factors in the success of the organization. North Colorado Medical Center and Medical Center of the Rockies have both successfully marketed themselves in the community as exceptional health care providers by providing quality care. The purpose of this paper is to examine the positioning and differentiation strategies used by North Colorado Medical Center and Medical Center of the Rockies to market actively their organizations. It is very important for health care organizations to develop a plan for the target market within the surrounding community. A well-designed marketing concept provides a course of action for the development of a comprehensive marketing initiative that will help attract an individualize market that has not been considered. An organization target market is a group of customers who an organization aims its goods and services. To create a good strategy, the organization’s target market must be evaluated and well thought-out. Health care organizations must position themselves and separate from its competitors by offering their services in a different...
Words: 1413 - Pages: 6
...Differentiation Rules (Differential Calculus) 1. Notation The derivative of a function f with respect to one independent variable (usually x or t) is a function that will be denoted by D f . Note that f (x) and (D f )(x) are the values of these functions at x. 2. Alternate Notations for (D f )(x) f (x) d For functions f in one variable, x, alternate notations are: Dx f (x), dx f (x), d dx , d f (x), f (x), f (1) (x). The dx “(x)” part might be dropped although technically this changes the meaning: f is the name of a function, dy whereas f (x) is the value of it at x. If y = f (x), then Dx y, dx , y , etc. can be used. If the variable t represents time then Dt f can be written f˙. The differential, “d f ”, and the change in f , “∆ f ”, are related to the derivative but have special meanings and are never used to indicate ordinary differentiation. dy Historical note: Newton used y, while Leibniz used dx . About a century later Lagrange introduced y and ˙ Arbogast introduced the operator notation D. 3. Domains The domain of D f is always a subset of the domain of f . The conventional domain of f , if f (x) is given by an algebraic expression, is all values of x for which the expression is defined and results in a real number. If f has the conventional domain, then D f usually, but not always, has conventional domain. Exceptions are noted below. 4. Operating Principle Many functions are formed by successively combining simple functions, using constructions such as sum...
Words: 1124 - Pages: 5
...Positioning and Differentiation Strategies Concerning positioning and differentiating a new product such as Sherwin-Williams makeup “Face Paint” it is important to understand the target market. The positioning strategy must align with the product differentiation strategy. This means focusing the product on delivering a valued and distinctive product to a specific market and delivering in a way that customers accept. The product they have developed is different from what is available from competitors, but it is a very mature market segment, one that can be difficult to break into without a very unique approach Sherwin-Williams has a well-known and strong brand in its current market, paint and painting accessories. They should be able to take that brand power and apply it to the positioning strategy for the new makeup line. Sherwin-Williams has more than 3000 stores throughout the United States, positioning within the stores will be important to ensure that the new product line is visible and placed in a logical location. Considering the target market is for females aged 12 – 24, the largest consumers of makeup and makeup tools, it would be a good decision to place the makeup line in a well-lit area close to the front of the store. This way women would not need to walk through the greater part of the store to find the products they are pursuing. . Differentiation from what is already available was created within the product itself. This does not mean that Sherwin-Williams...
Words: 363 - Pages: 2
...Positioning and Differentiation Strategies The VA (Veteran Affair) and HUD (Housing and Urban Development) offer benefits and services to veterans but not all veterans have equal benefits. Veterans who have served in the military for a longer duration receive better benefits than those who served for a shorter duration. The difference between United Way and other organizations is the services offered to most homeless and near homelessness veterans no matter the duration served in the military. Military veterans should not be on the streets of the country they protected. The organizations services are “important” and “distinctive” (Armstrong & Kotler, 2011, p. 197) because it caters to the needs of all homeless veterans, including those who served shorter terms and fewer benefits from the government. Pre-existing services such as continuing education for adults, educational assistance for children, and more is an expansion to what is already offered. The new services, such as housing and health assistance, especially separate accommodation for female veterans, are a competitive advantage over other organizations who do not offer these services to many veterans. The focus of the organization is providing communities with resources to “achieve their human potential through education, income stability, and healthy lives” (About United Way Worldwide, 2012). United Way established and functioned for 125 years and continues to provide “quality service.” Communication, importance...
Words: 327 - Pages: 2
...Adam Lerman Date: May 11 Ghrelin promotes the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells in infracted cardiac microenvironment Reference: Meijuan Gao, Jin Yang, Guoqiang Liu, Rui Wei, Lin Zhang, Haining Wang, Guang Wang, Hongwei Gao, Guian Chen, Tianpei Hong, Ghrelin promotes the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells in infarcted cardiac microenvironment, Peptides, Volume 34, Issue 2, April 2012, Pages 373-379, ISSN 0196-9781, 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.02.006. Background: Human embryonic stem cells (hESC’s) are derived from inner cell mass of blastocyst of embryos, which are used for in vitro fertilization and embryonic donations. hES cells are used because of their self renewing ability and their pluripotency to differentiate into germ layers. hESC’s are used for regeneration of and organ regeneration of tissues, like for myocardial regeneration to treat irreversible heart injuries. Ghrelin is an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor to promote the release of growth hormone. It is unclear is hESC’s can induce myocardial generation by ghrelin after in vivo engraftment into the myocardium. What was done: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats that were eight weeks old were used. The hESC’s were cultured on y-irradiated mouse embryonic fibroblast feeder layers. The rats were induced with myocardial infarction (MI) by the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). They used one...
Words: 656 - Pages: 3
...would a differentiation strategy be a better option than a low cost option for Aspire when entering China? (16marks) A differentiation strategy is something businesses use to gain an edge over their competitors. In industries where multiple competitors produce similar products, managers will try to make their product unique in some way so that it stands out from the pack. A low cost option focuses on providing similar benefits to competitors, but at a lower price. For Aspire to differentiate, they need to provide more benefits than their competitors for example strong levels of customer service, which therefore should enable them to charge higher prices. If Aspire pursued a differentiation strategy the distribution of the coffee should be exclusive, keeping a tight control over distribution to maintain an exclusive image. This being used to emphasise the difference between their products (the coffee) to their rivals. In order to compete in the Chinese market Aspire needs to make sure its product is different from competitors. If consumers value this difference it will benefit the firm in two ways, firstly by an increased sales volume and a greater scope for charging a higher price. Differentiation can be based on a number of different characteristics for example different distribution methods, clever promotional and advertising campaigns to boost brand image and sales and the design of the products itself for example the coffee cups etc. Differentiation can add...
Words: 574 - Pages: 3
...TITLE PAGE PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION AND ITS CONSEQUENCES ON THE MARKETING OF CONSUMER GOODS IN NIGERIA, (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN TOBACCO COMPANY PLC. KANO) BY DAVID GARGADI (PGS/SMS/04/2840 BEING A RESEARCH WORK SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, BAYERO UNIVERSITY, KANO AS PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) JULY, 2007 APPROVAL SHEET The Dean School of Post Graduate Studies Bayero University, Kano Kano SUBMISSION OF RESEARCH PROJECT This is to certify that DAVID GARAGADI (PGS/SMS/05/3737) have successfully completed this research work on the subject; The Consequences of product differentiation on the marketing of consumer goods in Nigeria, (A case study of Nigeria tobacco company plc.Kano) under my supervision. -------------------------------------------- Dr. Ado K/Mata ----------------------------------------------- Prof. A.R Mohammed (The Dean School of Post Graduate Studies) CERTIFICATION I certify that this dissertation entitled: THE CONSEQUENCES OF PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION IN THE MARKETING OF CONSUMER GOODS IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN TOBACCO COMPANY PLC, KANO). Written by: DAVID GARGADI (PGS/SMS/04/3737) meets the requirement governing the award of Master...
Words: 8416 - Pages: 34
...Under full hyperdrive, spaceship Muddlin' Through fared from the Solar System toward the sun that men had named Mogul. Pulsed Schrödinger waves drove her at a pseudovelocity equivalent to thousands of times the true speed of radiation; and in galactic terms those stars were near neighbors. Yet her clocks would have registered two and a half weeks when she reached her destination. So big is the universe. Sentient beings speak lightly of crossing light-years because they cannot comprehend what they are doing. David Falkayn, Chee Lan, Adzel, and Muddlehead were in the saloon playing poker. Rather, the first three were. The computer was represented by an audiovisual sensor and a pair of metal arms. It was an advanced model, functioning at consciousness level, very little of its capability needed en route to maintain the systems of the ship. The live travelers had even less to do. "I'll bet a credit," said Chee. A blue chip clattered to the middle of the table. "Dear me." Adzel laid down his hand. "Can I fetch more refreshment for anyone?" "Thanks." Falkayn held out an empty beer mug. "I'll raise." He doubled the bet. After half a minute during which the faint purr of engines and ventilators came through silence: "Hey, Muddlehead, what's keeping you?" "The probabilities for and against me are calculable as being exactly balanced," said the flat artificial voice. Electronic brooding continued for a few seconds. "Very well," it decided, and matched Falkayn. "Ki-yao?" wondered Chee...
Words: 510 - Pages: 3
...Product differentiation is the degree to which consumers see a particular brand as being different from other brands. One point is that new competitors have copied what differentiated Starbucks initially in a good atmosphere brought about by free Wi-Fi, comfy seats, newspapers to read, cheerful welcomes and great tunes. This links to 2 of porters 5 forces, firstly threat of new customers, in that it isn’t too difficult to set up a coffee shop, there are very low barriers to entry, and secondly substitute products meaning that customers have the option to swap to very similar competitors. This means that Starbucks lack a competitive nature due to the fact that what they initially differentiated themselves from the market with is now being copied by new entrants to the market, this means that customers will have low brand loyalty, and can easily move to Starbucks competitors who may focus more on the quality of coffee and thus explain why they made a loss of $6.7million for the first time in their 15 year history. However, Starbucks still managed to differentiate from competitors in that they opened Europe’s very first drive through coffee store. Another factor for Starbucks recent difficulties is the lack of advertising and being solely dependent on word of mouth advertising, this is an issue to Starbucks as they are unable to get their message across as they do not control what one customer says to their peers or family etc. This can be an issue as due to the inability...
Words: 453 - Pages: 2
...Best practice does not equal best strategy Benchmarking is an important way to improve operational efficiency, but it is not a tool for strategic decision making. When competitors all try to play exactly the same game, declining margins are bound to follow. PHILIPP M. NATTERMANN The McKinsey Quarterly, 2000 Number 2 Best practice. It may be the most readily recognized and widely used of all business management tools. And why shouldn’t it be? To executives, modeling a company’s performance on its best-in-class competitor is an ambitious but attainable aspiration. To investors, the strategy is a guarantee of the soundness of any company that embraces it. And to consultants, it is the tide that lifts every client’s boat. So why is it killing your margins? Everyone who follows business has seen the fat margins of growing young companies attract scores of new entrants, which eventually crowd the field and drive those very margins down. Why would top executives convert this regrettable fact of business life into a creed, especially when doing so simply hastens the endgame for everyone—first mover and Johnny-come-lately alike? Margins tumble as more and more incumbent companies compete for smaller and smaller segments of customers and industry resources They act as they do because they don’t understand that benchmarking is simply an operational tool. Instead, they all want to occupy the point on the strategic landscape that their most successful competitor has staked out.1 Soon...
Words: 3014 - Pages: 13
...Running Head: POSITIONING AND DIFFERENTIATION Positioning and Differentiation Paper Wanda Douglas Marketing for Health Care/HCS 539 January 09, 2012 Andrea Linder Positioning and Differentiation Paper A well-planned marketing and branding approach will offer a course of action for the development of an effective marketing campaign. A hospitals marketing and branding strategies are key factors of consideration in the development of comprehensive marketing plan. Northwest Hospital and Sinai Hospital of Baltimore have both successfully marketed themselves in the community as exceptional health care providers by providing quality care. The purpose of this paper is to examine the positioning and differentiation strategies used by Northwest Hospital and Howard County General Hospital to market actively their organizations. A well-designed marketing concept provides a course of action for the development of a comprehensive marketing initiative that will help attract an individualize market that has not been considered. An organization target market is a group of customers who an organization aims its goods and services. To create a good strategy, the organization’s target market must be evaluated and well thought-out. It is very important for health care organizations to develop a plan for the target market within the surrounding community. Health care organizations must position themselves and separate from its competitors. At first sight, health care organizations...
Words: 1469 - Pages: 6
...When we are conceived it is decided for us physically whether we will be a boy or a girl. Most of us are born as we are and follow the trend of whichever gender was decided for you by genetics. We all have a gender identity, which is a private feeling of whether we are male or female. Two theories as used to explain this. The most influential theory is that our gender is the result of environmental influences. Specifically the way we are raised and treated when we are children by our parents and peers. According to Dr. John Money we are psychosexually neutral at the time of our birth. Only after we have been exposed to the nurture we are exposed to as children does gender set in. The second theory, which seems to be less popular, is that gender is a result of nature or the effect of hormones on the developing brain. When we are born, we are born with either a penis or a vagina. However, long before the child is actually born a process takes place that actually determines whether the child will have male genitalia (a penis) or female genitalia (a vagina). If the child is exposed to a hormone called dihydrotestosterone then male genitalia will be developed. If dihydrotestosterone is not present then female genitalia will develop. In early stages of development male and female genitalia are visually exactly the same. Around 7-8 weeks intrauterine the male organs begin to extend themselves beginning to form looking more like a penis whereas the female genitalia stays relatively...
Words: 1461 - Pages: 6