...The factors which makes Iddan, an engineer with no medical background, to pioneer the development of wireless endoscopy are he as an electo-optical engineer and was working on developing the “eye” of guided missile to its target. His friend at boston gave him information about technology used for viewing the interior lining of the digestive system which had lots of limitations, specially with viewing the small intestine. This small intestine causes serious disorders and only in United States approximately 19 million people suffer from disorders. Existing technology like X-ray and endo-scopes were unable to identify or investigate about small intestine. So the only option left was surgery and which was very crucial if the physician does not know which part of the small intestine is affected. So his friend encourages him to come up with better technology. Due to technology revolution after decade small video cameras which uses image sensors like CCDS (Charge coupled devices) has been developed. With his knowledge from developing the eye of guided missile he tried to make small missile like device which could travel through the intestine without a life line leading to the outside of the body and transmit images wirelessly to a receiver outside of the body. He has also done small experiment on chicken with his developed camera and as he succeeds he got more encouragement but he found battery of that camera get exhausted in few minutes. So he developed a prototype CMOS (complementary...
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...The Digestive System and How It Works The digestive system is a unique system that has a unique way of operating. The digestive system is the organs and glands in the body that are responsible for digestion. The digestive system begins with the mouth and extends through the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, ending with the rectum and anus. In this paper I plan to show how the digestive system works, the organs and gland that are in the system and there functions. Most of you have heard the expression "you are what you eat. a more accurate statement would be: "you are what you eat, digest, assimilate and incorporate." Although this statement is also obviously less than complete, it does incorporate the very important...
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...Individual Cheese Cupcake Ingredients for Crust: 1 cup (100 grams) graham wafer crumbs or crushed digestive biscuits 1 tablespoon (15 grams) granulated white sugar 4 - 5 tablespoons (55-65 grams) butter, melted Instructions: Preheat oven to 300 degrees F (150 degrees C) and place oven rack in the center of the oven. Line 12 muffin cups with paper liners. (Can also use silicone baking cups.) In a small bowl combine the graham cracker crumbs, sugar, and melted butter. Press a heaping tablespoon of crumbs onto the bottoms of the 12 muffin cups. Cover and refrigerate while you make the filling. Ingredients for Cheese filling: 2 - 8 ounce (454 grams) packages of full fat cream cheese, room temperature 2/3 cup (130 grams) granulated white sugar 1/8 teaspoon salt 2 large eggs, room temperature 1 teaspoon pure vanilla extract 1/2 teaspoon grated lemon zest 1/2 cup (120 ml) sour cream, room temperature Instructions: In the bowl of your electric mixer (or with a hand mixer), beat the cream cheese on low speed until creamy and smooth. Add the sugar and salt and beat until combined. Scrape down the sides of the bowl as needed. Add the eggs, one at a time, beating until incorporated. Add the vanilla extract, lemon zest, and sour cream and beat until incorporated. Remove the crusts from the refrigerator and evenly divide the filling among the 12 muffin cups. Bake for about 18 -22 minutes or until firm but the centers of the cheesecakes still wobble a little...
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...are often used interchangeably to describe work which previously was done with paper, but which now has been adapted to information & communication technology (ICT) devices and software. The Information Technology Association of America (ITAA) has defined information technology (IT) in the electronic era as "the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware." IT entails processes involving the use of computers and software to create, convert, store, process, transmit, and retrieve information securely. The term has recently been broadened to ICT (Information and Communications Technology), so as to include the idea of electronic communication. To be paperless means essentially that the traditional paper-based practices-such as writing, note taking, reading, editing, communicating, and even drawing-are instead performed electronically with ICT devices and software. Much has been said and written about the paperless office in recent years, and the rapid development of ICT is enabling an increasing number of paperless practices. The relationship between paperless work styles and ICT is intimate and interdependent; a paperless work and lifestyle cannot be implemented without ICT, and the use of ICT should naturally lead to becoming paperless. Paradoxically, however, the consumption of paper has increased exponentially since the advent of personal...
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...Italian physician named Giovanni Morgani in 1761. There were many more records of unidentifiable inflammation of the lower bowel between the late 18th and early 20th centuries, including several studies in the United States and United Kingdom in the late 19th centuries. These cases were often confused with intestinal tuberculosis, the only known cause of intestinal inflammation at the time (Kirsner, 1988). However, a breakthrough was made in 1932 at the renowned Mount Sinai Hospital. Dr. Burrill Crohn and his colleagues, Dr. Leon Ginzburg and Dr. Gordon Oppenheimer, published a paper that radically changed bowel disease diagnostics. The paper, called “Regional Ileitis: a Pathologic and Clinical entity”, was based on the doctors’ care of 14 patients who suffered from inflammation of the end of the small intestine and colon (“The Man”, 2012). Since entering into the official medical canon after Dr. Crohn’s paper, the incidence of Crohn’s and other inflammatory bowel diseases has been most common in Europe and North America. Nonetheless, people around the globe develop this disease. The annual incidence of Crohn’s disease ranges from 3.1 to 14.6 new cases per 100,000 people, depending on the region studied (“Epidemiology”, 2014). There appears to be a gradient from north to south worldwide, meaning that populations in countries further north like Canada or Scandinavia have higher incidence and/or prevalence rates than populations further south like the Southern United States or Africa...
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...ABSTRACT The research paper provides an insight into the supply chain and the distribution management system of the Britannia Industries and highlights the organization’s objective. INTRODUCTION Britannia Industries Limited is an Indian food-products corporation based in Kolkata,[2] India. It sells its Britannia and Tiger brands of biscuit throughout India. Britannia has an estimated 38% market share.[3] The Company's principal activity is the manufacture and sale of biscuits, bread, rusk, cakes and dairy products. BISCUITS The company's factories have an annual capacity of 433,000 tonnes.[3] The brand names of biscuits include VitaMarieGold, Tiger, Nutrichoice Junior,Good day, 50 50, Treat, Pure Magic, Milk Bikis, Good Morning, Bourbon, Thin Arrowroot, Nice, Little Hearts and many more. Tiger, the mass market brand, realised $150.75 million in sales including exports to countries including the U.S. and Australia, or 20% of Britannia revenues in 2006. VARIANTS New Britannia Tiger Britannia Tiger, one of the biggest brands in the kids segment, has re-invented itself to revolutionize the concept of kids' nutrition in the country. Equipped with a new vision of leading the kids' nutrition space, Britannia Tiger has revamped its offerings to embody fun and energy on one hand and health and nutrition on the other. Enriched with growth nutrients across all its variants -Glucose, Krunch Cookies and Creams, Britannia Tiger comes with the credo of 'Roz Badho'. Aimed...
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...The gallbladder is an organ that is a part of the digestive system and is located in the upper right quadrant under the liver. The pear-shaped organ is a hollow sac that stores the digestive element bile, which is produced by the liver. Bile moves from the liver into the gallbladder for storage. When food is eaten, the gallbladder contracts and pushes the stored bile into the cystic duct and down the common bile duct into the duodenum of the small intestine where bile will help to break down food. Typical symptoms of gallbladder conditions include epigastric pain, abdominal pain, right upper quadrant pain, and/or pain that radiates around the right rib cage and into the back. Some people with gallbladder conditions may have no symptoms or problems at all. However, in some cases, gallbladder conditions can result in serious, even life-threatening complications, such as pancreatitis, biliary cirrhosis, and jaundice. The most common complication of the gallbladder however is cholecystitis. Which is a condition when calcifications and stones build up in the gallbladder lumen potentially causing blockage at any point in the biliary tree. The rarest condition is carcinoma of the Gallbladder. Gallbladder cancer is known to be most common in women and in people who have had a history of gallstones or other gallbladder conditions. Early gallbladder cancer often causes no symptoms and is usually discovered unexpectedly when someone has surgery to remove gallstones. About 1 in 5 gallbladder...
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...Parts of the digestive system: Esophagus-is located behind the windpipe in the neck area. Propulsion Appendix- is located underneath the large intestine Pancreas-is located between the stomach and transverse colon Gall Bladder-is located under the liver Transverse Colon-located under the pancreas and above the small instestine. Parotid Salivary Gland- Ascending Colon Descending Colon Stomach- is located next to the liver and under the diaphragm. Propulsion, chemical digestion, mechanical digestion, absorption Pharynx- is located behind the tongue Small Intestine-is located above the rectum and next to the appendix. Propulsion, chemical digestion, mechanical digestion, absorption Large Intestine-Propulsion, chemical digestion, absorption Anal Canal Liver-is located under the diaphragm and above the gall bladder. Rectum-is located under the small intestine Mouth-Propulsion, chemical digestion ,mechanical digestion Propulsion-the act of propelling. Once food is chewed and mixed with saliva, it is propelled down the esophagus. To propel is to move the food substance from one point to another point in the digestive process. Absorption-to take something in through the skin or intestine. When we eat, the food is absorbed through the cells and bloodstream . Mechanical digestion-aspect of digestion through mechanical mechanisms or movement. Mechanical digestions begins when we begin to chew our food, and continues as the food substance is moved from different...
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...The gallbladder can be best described as a small pear shaped organ, roughly 3 to 4 inches long and about 1 inch wide), that is connected to the liver by the hepatic duct. The gall bladder stores and concentrates bile. The primary function of the gallbladder is to store bile and concentrate. Bile is a digestive liquid that is secreted by the liver continually. The bile neutralizes acids in partly digested food and it also emulsifies fats. The bile flows from the gallbladder into the cystic duct when the muscular valve in the common bile duct opens. It then falls from the gallbladder into the cystic duct, along the common bile duct, and into the duodenum, which is part of the small intestine. Gallstones are small, pebble like substances that develop in the gallbladder. Gallstones are created when liquid that is stored in the gallbladder hardens into pieces of rock like material. Gallstones can interrupt the normal flow of bile if they move from the gallbladder and settle in any of the ducts that carry bile from the liver to the small intestine. Gallstones are usually discovered during tests for other health issues. Gallstones attacks are very similar to those of heart attacks, appendicitis, ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome, hiatel hernia, pancreatitis, or hepatitis. This is why an accurate diagnosis is very important, and if the physician suspects that the cause of the patient’s complaints to be gallstones they are most likely to order an ultrasound examination...
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...The digestive system is the set of organs which transform whatever we eat into substances that can be used in the body for energy, growth and repair. The digestive system consists of the upper and lower alimentary tract. The upper section of the digestive system consists of the oral cavity, teeth, tongue, salivary glands, pharynx and oesophagus. The lower alimentary tract is composed of the stomach, intestines and the glands of the digestive system i.e. the liver, gall bladder and the pancreas. The glands of the digestive system are accessory organs because although food does not pass directly through them, they help the process, breaking down the toxins or waste digestion produces. There are four stages of digestion. The first stage takes place in the mouth where the action of teeth and saliva combine; chewing and partially digesting the food so that it will pass more easily along the oesophagus. Saliva contains the enzyme amylase which acts on cooked starch. The ball of food that leaves the mouth through the action swallowing is known as a bolus. The tongue pushes the bolus to the back of the mouth towards the pharynx, a muscular tube behind the mouth. The food passes into the pharynx and down to the oesophagus. In the oesophagus the chewed food is carried from the pharynx to the stomach by a muscular contraction known as peristalsis. The lining of the oesophagus secretes mucus to ease and lubricate the passage of food. The second stage of digestion takes place in the...
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...Human Digestion Your Name Here SCI/241 July XX, 20XX Your Instructor Here Human Digestion In human digestion all food enters the body by way of the mouth. The mouth is responsible for chewing the food into a softer consistency before it enters the stomach. Before you even take the first bite of food the salivary glands begin to produce saliva. The chewed food mixes with the saliva to form what is known as a bolus. This bolus is then pushed into the pharynx by the tongue and swallowed. The epiglottis, a flap to keep food from entering the lungs, closes and the food moves into the stomach by way of the esophagus. Once the bolus enters the stomach it is then mixed with stomach acid. The stomach acid reduces the bolus to a further liquefied food mass that is known as chyme. It takes anywhere from 2 to 6 hours for the chyme to be completely emptied from the stomach and into the small intestine. Once the chyme enters the small intestine, the biggest portion of digestion takes place. This is where nutrients are actually absorbed into the body. There are three parts to the small intestine, the duodenum, jejunum, and the ileum. This is where secretions from the gallbladder, liver and pancreas help to break down food. Anything that is not absorbed into the body then enters into the large intestine. The large intestine is also the location of the colon and rectum. Food that enters into the large intestine is usually drained of what water is left in it along with vitamins and minerals...
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...In regards to the information that was provided to us I found that fiber is a very interesting nutrient. When it comes to maintaining a good healthy diet, I always knew that fiber had to be a part of it because it helps release your wastes. Even though all of this information is true, there is much more incentives to fiber that I never knew existed. For example, I found it very interesting that the body never digests the fiber that is consumed. The reason for this is because fiber cannot be digested by enzymes in the human stomach r small intestine, which therefore is not absorbed at all. The results in fiber staying within the walls of the gastrointestinal tract, creates bulk that helps maintain water within the tract, which will then increase the rate and ease, at which material moves through the gastrointestinal tract, which will then increase the rate and ease, at which material moves through the gastrointestinal tract. The food source called fiber consists of peas, green beans, spinach, broccoli, berries, eggplant, prunes, whole wheat bread, kidney beans, pinto beans, and much more. After reviewing the information, that was provided to us I realized that there are two different types of fiber. These two filters consist of soluble fiber and insoluble fiber. Soluble fiber forms viscous solutions in water and can broken down by the intestinal micro-flora. When it comes to insoluble fibers, for the most part, it is fiber that does not dissolve in water and can be broken down...
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...Human Digestion Summary SCI/241 December 6, 2014 Human Digestion Summary Digestion is the action in which the body breaks down food into molecules that can be used for substance to nourish the body. There are different organs in the body that are involved in the digestion process. These organs include; the mouth, the esophagus, the stomach, small intestines, liver and large intestine. Each one of these organs plays a significant you in the body’s digestion process (Shifko, 2014). The digestion process starts before the food actually enters the mouth. The smells that are inhaled from the food cause the mouth to produce saliva, which contains the compounds and enzymes that start to break down the food after it has entered the mouth. The food is then chewed down in to small particles so that the saliva and the enzymes can go to work. After the food is chewed it is then swallowed and starts to pass down the esophagus. According to the Cleveland Clinic, the esophagus is a muscular tube that transports the food that has been chewed to the stomach. In order for the food to be carried down the esophagus and to the stomach there are a series of contractions performed by the esophagus, this process is known as the peristalsis (Shifko, 2014). Once in the stomach, there are two different functions that must take place during the digestion process. The stomach resembles a large pouch with muscular walls. The wall of the stomach is where the food is held and it also acts...
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...Cadbury Digestives-Oh Happy Day: How Advertising Helped Biscuit Buyers to Discover a New Name in Chocolate Digestives 1. Discuss the reasons why the ‘Thank You’ campaign worked successfully. Cadbury’s target audiences are chocoholic and women. People like to eat chocolate but they feel guilty. In most of the people point of views, Cadbury’s chocolate is seen as guilty. Therefore push the biscuits, with a combination biscuits women can still eat chocolate yet feeling less guilt. Cadbury’s ‘Thank you’ campaign is successful because Cadbury tried understand the consumers needs really well and consumer’s guilt by pushing the biscuits to reduce the guilt. 2. The case mentions that the advertising campaign, even though aimed at Consumer, turned out to be an effective tool in marketing to retailer. What do you think are the reason behind this success? If the advertising campaign turned out to be successful, it will be benefit retailer as an effective tool in marketing. Cadbury as a well-established brand will attract more people attentions after the advertising campaign for the new product. Therefore more people will head down retailer for the new products that will drive traffic to the retail store. Once customers are in the shop, this is the best chance to influence customers to purchase more what they intend to purchase. What most retailers intention are to associate with popular brands. 3. How did Cadbury make use of the ‘chocoholic’ segment to design its...
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...E.J.S. BIO 235L: Anatomy & Physiology II Lab The Digestive System and its Accessory Organs 1. Parotid Gland 2. Sublingual Gland 3. Submandibular Gland 4. Liver 5. Gallbladder 6. Duodenum 7. Pancreas 8. Hepatic Flexure 9. Ascending Colon 10. Ileum 11. Cecum 12. Appendix 13. Sigmoid Flexure 14. Anus 15. Rectum 16. Sigmoid Colon 17. Descending Colon 18. Jejunum 19. Transverse Colon 20. Splenic Flexure of Transverse Colon 21. Spleen 22. Stomach 23. Esophagus 1. Parotid Gland 2. Sublingual Gland 3. Submandibular Gland 4. Liver 5. Gallbladder 6. Duodenum 7. Pancreas 8. Hepatic Flexure 9. Ascending Colon 10. Ileum 11. Cecum 12. Appendix 13. Sigmoid Flexure 14. Anus 15. Rectum 16. Sigmoid Colon 17. Descending Colon 18. Jejunum 19. Transverse Colon 20. Splenic Flexure of Transverse Colon 21. Spleen 22. Stomach 23. Esophagus The Digestive Pathway Mechanical Digestion begins in the mouth from the moment that a food bolus enters the oral cavity. Mastication, the mechanical breakdown of the food bolus by chewing occurs here. Chemical Digestion begins when the Salivary Glands (Parotid, Sublingual and Submandibular Glands) release saliva into the oral cavity. Saliva contains amylase, an enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates. After bolus has been broken down adequately, swallowing occurs. The food bolus will move through the pharynx and enter the esophagus continuing its journey via peristalsis (rhythmic contractions of the...
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