...one that will yield the most helpful ideas (Ruggeri, 2009, p105). The third stage – the objective of this stage is to obtain the information necessary to deal effectively with the problem or issue (Ruggeri, 2009, p106). The fourth stage – the objective in this stage is to generate enough ideas to decide what action to take or what belief to embrace (Ruggeri, 2009, p106). With the fourth stage there can be two common obstacles, unconscious tendency to limit your ideas to common, familiar, habitual responses, to block out uncommon and unfamiliar ones, then the temptation to stop producing ideas too soon. As a child, many look forward to getting older so that they can: “…do what they want…”; “…go to bed when they want…”; “watch as much television as they want, etc. However, I am learning that age and independence do not necessarily go hand in hand. Even as an adult, there comes a time that our freedom becomes necessarily limited by the balance of other important principles; such as safety and practicality. The task of writing this “problem-solving” paper forced me to sit down, with context, and evaluate problems that I face on a daily basis as I try to balance my professional life with my personal life. Even though I make some necessary evaluation of these problems on a regular basis, working on this paper has given me the opportunity to work through possible solutions for at...
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...besa44438_ch03.qxd 10/12/04 5:45 PM Page 68 3 3.1 3.2 C H A P T E R CONSUMER PREFERENCES AND THE CONCEPT OF UTILITY R E P R E S E N TAT I O N S OF PREFERENCES UTILITY FUNCTIONS APPLICATION 3.1 APPLICATION 3.2 APPLICATION 3.3 APPLICATION 3.4 Influencing Your Preferences How People Buy Cars: The Importance of Attributes Taste Tests Hula Hoops and Pet Rocks Why Do You Like What You Like? If you are thinking about buying a car, your choices can be overwhelming: Should you buy or lease? New car or used? A sport utility vehicle, a sedan, a sports car, or a minivan? Should you get a sunroof or four-wheel drive? How much extra would you pay for a vehicle that will have a high resale value in the future? What are the expected operating expenses for each model—insurance, repairs, gasoline, and so on? Finally, what opportunities will you forgo if you buy a car? How else could you spend your money, either today or in the future? Making decisions about a product with many options is not easy. Before buying a car, for example, you might draw on the experiences of friends and family, read advertisements, visit dealers, and test-drive vehicles. You might also research different models and financing options on the Web, read Consumer Reports, price insurance rates for favorite models, or even visit chat rooms frequented by car buffs. As a consumer, you make choices every day of your life. Besides choosing among automobiles, you must decide what kind of housing to rent...
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...Lebanese International University Project Sadek Chahine 10830132 Masoud Al-Shaar 10731860 Ihab Sharaf Aldeen 10530251 Bassam Jaafar 10731383 Business Ethics Beirut Campus Dr Malek Nayfeh 2009 – 2010 Intellectual Property I. Description 1. Patents 2. Copyrights II. Identify Ethical issues involved 1. Global social justice 2. Utilitarian point of view 3. Materialization of intangibles III. Points of view 1. Public 2. Owners of rights 3. Government IV. Considering available alternatives 1. Tightening intellectual property 2. Letting loose intellectual property V. Consequences of the application of protection 1. Extensive protection consequences 2. Less protection consequences VI. Examples 1. World 2. Lebanon VII. Conclusion 1. Determining the facts Most discussions about intellectual property rights are focused on patents and copyright because, as long as they are rationalized, trademark rights are simple rights of identification that only benefit owners or copiers but not affect progress and are not regarded heavily as a beneficial creation for the community. Arguments for intellectual property protection include increased creation due to financial incentives which leads to economic growth, and possibly a wider and more efficient distribution. Arguments against it include criticism of its range and length, its infringement of freedom, restraining...
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...GLOBALIZATION AND PAKISTAN, SOME REALITIES. Ghulam Ali Khan * INTRODUCTION TO GLOBALIZATION: Globalization is a multifaceted phenomenon. The term Globalization is a controversial term and has been defined in several different ways. The word globalization can imply different meaning for different people across the glob. Some focus on the economic aspect and hence emphasize the global economy outlook, whereas some focus on the cultural aspects of this phenomenon and how globalization has effected different aspects of their culture, still others focus on the political aspects of the structure of globalization, yet others equate globalization with advanced technology, particularly in the area of communication and transportation. Globalization is all that. According to Majidi (1 ) There is not yet any single definition about globalization and there no consensus about it among the scholars. According to Walsham (2) ”The term globalization has achieved the unusual status, in a relatively short time, of becoming fashionable in academic debates in the social sciences, in the business world, and to some extent in the popular media. . However, even a cursory examination of these sources would demonstrate that the term is highly ambiguous, and that it masks a wide variety of opinions on what is happening in the world.’’ Anthony Mcgrew (3) confirming that globalization is a multidimensional phenomena, pays due attention to the issue of communication, defining globalization as the increasing...
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...Bullfighting in the Modern World Name: Course: Date: Bullfighting is a traditional spectacle of western countries like Spain, Mexico, France, Philippines, and Columbia in which bulls are baited, and thereafter killed in a bullring for entertainment of the audience. Even though it is a blood sport by definition, many followers of this spectacle consider it as a fine art and not as a sport because it lacks competition elements in the proceedings. As it is practiced today, bullfight involves professional toreros who practice different formal moves that can be innovated and interpreted according to the bullfighter’s school or style. It is alleged that the fighters seek to elicit art and inspiration from their work and emotional connection with the audience transmitted through the bull. These maneuvers are done at close range, after the bull has been tied and weakened. The close proximity puts the bullfighter at risk of being trampled or gored by the bull. After hooking the bull several times behind the shoulder, the bullfight ends with the killing of that bull using a single sword thrust called the Estacada (For a Bullfighting-free Europe, 2011). Ecology Many bulls are bred and kept in semi-preserved land areas called dehesas. The dehesas are home to many protected animals like the imperial eagle and cared for as an area of outstanding natural beauty. Bullfighting industry claim that the protected species and the dehesas will disappear incase bullfighting is abolished. They claim...
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...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The mass media, most especially television have gradually become a part of our daily lives, and sources of information, education and entertainment have been described as the primary functions of the media. Lasswell (1948) as cited in Folarin (2005, p.74) assigns three functions to the media: i. Surveillance of the Environment (the news function). ii. Correlation of the different parts of the Enviroment (the editorial function). iii. Transmission of the cultural heritage from one generation to the other (the cultural transmission function). The focus of the researcher in this study is not only on the entertainment function of the media, but the role the entertainment media especially television, plays in shaping social behaviour among teenagers in the society. Stephenson (1967) a British psychologist, as cited in Folarin (2005, p.170), divides man’s activities into work and play. The former involving reality and production, while the latter deals with entertainment, relaxation or self satisfaction. He further says that people use mass communication more as play than as work, more for pleasure and entertainment than for information and serious work. Folarin (ibid) corroborates this view by saying that one constant criticism of television in Nigeria is its focus on entertainment rather than on development purposes. There is no doubt that the impact of the media on young people’s lives is broadly considered within...
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...Does the "New Economy" Measure up to the Great Inventions of the Past? Robert J. Gordon Stanley G. Harris Professor in the Social Sciences, Northwestern University Research Associate, National Bureau of Economic Research April 28, 2000 draft of a paper for the Journal of Economic Perspectives _____________________ This research is supported by the National Science Foundation. I have benefitted from discussions on these topics with many people, especially Erik Brynjolfsson, Joel Mokyr, Jack Triplett, and the late Zvi Griliches. "The invention of the semiconductor transistor set in motion a technological revolution that is arguably even more impressive and pervasive than that of the Great Industrial Revolution of the last century." -- Flamm (1997, p. 1) "The chip has transformed us at least as pervasively as the internal-combustion engine or electric motor" -- Fortune magazine, June 8, 1998, pp. 86-87. The miracle of U. S. economic performance in the late 1990s was a source of pride at home, of envy abroad, and of puzzlement among economists and policymakers. 1 The Federal Reserve presided over rates of output growth believed only a few years earlier to be unachievable even for a few quarters, much less over the four glowing years 1996-99. As the unemployment rate inched ever lower, the Fed reacted with benign neglect, so that early in the year 2000 short-term interest rates were no higher than they had been five years earlier and long-term interest rates were considerably...
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...1-56456-044-9 All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be sold, by any process or technique, without the express consent of the publisher. INTRODUCTION America has come to realize that its national educational system is not reaching enough of its students. Basic skills at the primary levels of school have decreased, as have the standard test scores of high school graduates. In addition, there are 23 million illiterate adults (those whose basic skills are below fifth grade level) and another 35 million semi-literate adults (those whose basic skills are below eighth grade level). Certainly, the educational system alone is not to blame for this problem. Parents and communities must bear some of the responsibility. In reality, poor school achievement has many causes. Family instability can disrupt the support system children need to concentrate on their studies effectively. Single parents are often too busy with routine tasks to deal adequately with their children’s school responsibilities. Students frequently change schools and lose the continuity essential for successful achievement. Many students have jobs after school and feel overwhelmed by required homework. Some teachers give routine, run-of-the-mill assignments, scarcely exciting or stimulating creative thinking. Many educators also neglect to teach students “how to study.” Poor study habits are a major cause of current academic problems. Too many students do not know how to study efficiently...
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...Due: June 26th 2014 Introduction: The coffee and baked goods service industry has seen much competition and continues to be a promising industry in Canada. Two specifically known companies are Tim Hortons and Starbucks. Both coffee companies are popular and are able to keep up with Canadian and Global Trends. Tim Horton’s is well known across Canada and the franchise is slowly expanding into the US. The company holds a strong brand image as it is known as an iconic store amongst all Canadian consumers. As Tim Horton’s strategy is to target all Canadians, they successfully use marketing campaigns to cater to all demographics. Starbucks has established an exquisite brand and the company’s financial success is based upon how consumers value the brand reputation. The coffee company has created a unique brand identity and uses its diverse product differentiation strategies to lure consumers in. Both coffee companies grasp a product line which includes fresh brewed coffee, hot and iced espresso beverages, coffee and non-coffee blended beverages, Tazo tea, baked pastries, sandwiches and salads. As well, the coffee companies are able to accommodate seasonal products to adjust for the changing Demands. Starbucks is also slowly making way into the grocery industry as well. Both companies also have experienced both success and failure. This project will aim to analyze the similarities and differences between Tim Hortons and Starbucks. Both company’s strategic policies will be examined...
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...Chapter 12. & YOUTH INFORMATION and COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES(ICT) The definitions and ideas applied to information and communication technologies and the modern media culture are examined in the beginning of this chapter. The characterizations of media culture are then explored from the perspective of young people, and the links between youth and ICT are investigated. The dominant cultural logic with regard to ICT is outlined, and different forms of the digital divide are presented. Some global aspects of ICT use among youth are reviewed, using both primary and secondary sources. New forms of youth socialization brought about by the emergence of ICT are examined, and the chapter concludes with a set of recommendations. INTRODUCTION Young people today live in a world characterized by dramatic cultural, economic, social and educational differences; individual circumstances depend largely on where a person is born and raised. More than 800 million adults (two-thirds of them women) still lack basic literacy skills; at the other end of the spectrum, the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) is skyrocketing. Notwithstanding the immense diversity in living environments, an unprecedented and unifying global media culture has developed that challenges and often surpasses such traditional forms of socialization as family and school. This complex cultural situation—in which young people are struggling to find direction in their lives or simply to survive, to improve...
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...Neuron Perspective Children, Wired: For Better and for Worse Daphne Bavelier,1,* C. Shawn Green,2 and Matthew W.G. Dye3 of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA of Psychology, Center for Cognitive Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA 3Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA *Correspondence: daphne@bcs.rochester.edu DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.08.035 2Department 1Department Children encounter technology constantly at home and in school. Television, DVDs, video games, the Internet, and smart phones all play a formative role in children’s development. The term ‘‘technology’’ subsumes a large variety of somewhat independent items, and it is no surprise that current research indicates causes for both optimism and concern depending upon the content of the technology, the context in which the technology immerses the user, and the user’s developmental stage. Furthermore, because the field is still in its infancy, results can be surprising: video games designed to be reasonably mindless result in widespread enhancements of various abilities, acting, we will argue, as exemplary learning tools. Counterintuitive outcomes like these, besides being practically relevant, challenge and eventually lead to refinement of theories concerning fundamental principles of brain plasticity and learning. Introduction It is Monday morning at 7:58 a.m....
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...Gender and Social Change in the Middle East: The Islam and Women Phenomenon Written By: Amelia Ramraj Arguably the most heated, widely discussed and controversial topic in gender and social change with respect to a cultural context is the state of women in the Middle East and the role that religion plays as a primary source for further derived influences of politics, economics, legal and family affairs to the social situation as a whole. This social stratosphere of revolving and intricate subjects of change and progression represent a multitude of conflicting ideologies, theories and realities. The media serves as an informational anchor, particularly in its portrayal of social situations and change, primarily divided into Western and Eastern media. The broader subject at hand is gender and social change in the Middle East, but specifically, how women, as the primary subject of the gender discussion, and Islam, as the foremost engine to drive the social scene across the Middle Eastern peninsula co-exist to create an unprecedented dynamic in the Middle East. This research paper will attempt to progressively reveal and discuss related subjects in order to create a transitional framework for a relevant understanding of the gender and social dynamic of the Middle East. As an outline, this paper will begin by briefly discussing the global role of women from a gender and sexuality perspective. It will then analyze how such roles are portrayed and what movements exist in order...
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...Current Event Article BUSN 576 September 29, 2012 The article I selected was regarding marriage rates among the poor and the fact that they have declined since the 1960s. It discussed if other incentives and alternatives decisions were made and then more couples marry would this reduce poverty. According to research at Johns Hopkins University only 70-75% of African American women expects to get married whereas 91% of Caucasian women in a lifetime. The most cited reason for delaying marriage by women is that it is not affordable which leads to declining of marriage and increase in poverty. According to George Mason University most couples come out ahead after marriage simply by cutting the total house expense such as one home, one insurance, one grocery list all because it is a combined effort and the couple’s income naturally increases. Education, experience, and sometime race account hugely when it comes to earnings. Basically, it is said that married men earn 40% more than single but on the other hand married women can earn approximately 10% less than a single women. Hence the reason why the marriage rates dwindle among the poor simply because of not having the ability to reach the high standards of quality living, financial stability and simply going by what is to be expected be in place for a single person’s life prior to marriage. According to the Center for Research on Child Well-Being at Princeton University a Fragile Families Survey indicated unmarried...
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...Kin Faat Chau (Lucas) Professor Gustafson ARLT 101 07/09/2013 Preface Compilation of this extract involved numerous connections of societal development realities whereby tangible sources that supported the document provided critical information, particularly on Los Angeles historical fundamentals. Civilization is the major aspect explored in this study; the supportive materials helped my writing with analogous information that clarified the encompassed perspectives of societal detrimental issues that indicates the need for improvement, as pointed out by Mennell (p. 2). I have to acknowledge these sources for laying a foundation that proved the societal view and responses towards creation of possible change through literacy basics in their perspective community based activities. Social and political class play critical role in shaping people’s life whereby in sometimes they can be destructive rather than constructive in the societies. The view of human nature as a basic reality received in diverse perspectives indicates the need for substantive measures in taking people’s consideration when the moral basics are involved. Formulation of substantial laws to provide governance prospects are areas that many of the authors relied on in this study have proved to require substantive corrections to guide the people who seem to encounter the hardships of accepting others, particularly with the illusive approaches on society well-being. In most cases, as seen in this study,...
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...the past few years. With the rapid growth in Internet penetration and usage, technology was driving music production, access and consumption. Sales from digital platforms had surpassed sales from traditional physical formats, such as CDs and tapes. With the distribution of digital music in India largely skewed towards the telecom business, music was increasingly being accessed via mobile devices, including smartphones and tablets. Artists were reaching out to consumers directly through many innovative platforms, and live performances were gaining more traction. Independent (“indie”) artist business models were rising in popularity and creating further fragmentation in the market. Overall, the role of the recording company seemed to be diminishing. While some of the leading companies in the music industry were testing the waters in the digital space, new players, including technology companies, were quickly entering the market with various new platforms and services. Distribution, in the form of music streaming services and e-commerce sites, was changing the way music was being bought and consumed. As Head of Digital Media, Paul reflected on the role of Sony Music India, a large music recording company, in the new age of digital music. In spite of there being a multitude of players, he felt that very few music specialists existed in that space. In a US$1 billion mobile music market, with music copyright owners such as Sony operating in a 25-30 per cent segment, there was a huge...
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