...Society like Qing China had an influential ideology in making laws which is Confucianism. Specifically in this paper, I will focus on Chastity law in Qing China. Most of scholars, who had previous studies about the law, had written from the viewpoint of state that is based on patriarchal system. It makes sense somehow because states were the lawmakers and law was exercised as an instrument to control and maintain the state power at that time. So, in this paper, I would like to see the chastity law from the view point of women because I study that there is gender inequality and the consequence problems of chastity law in Qing society. I also think that the Qing law served the interest of the women of the rich household but not the poor women. For example, it is hard for a common widow to survive while keeping chastity since they are economically weak. In one study, it mentions that the widow populations were dramatically increasing dynasty by dynasty in China since 17th century. Thus, at one glance, chastity law seemed to be successful in its application to society. However, I do not think that the rise of widow population means the chastity law is perfect. Thus, my hypothesis is that whether the widows really satisfied with chastity law that was strictly imposed on them. In other words, I would examine whether all widows follow the chastity law or not. Also, I would also examine that weather the chastity law is the protection of widows or not. In case of poor widows, they might...
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...Introduction Professor Elvin renders Chinese history through an economic perspective instead of using the common dynastic classification by attempting to answer three questions: -What contributed to the continuity of the Chinese empire? -Why was the Chinese economy the most advanced in the world from the Song dynasty (960-1279) up until the latter half of the Qing dynasty (mid-1800's)? -Why did China fail to maintain her technological advantage after the mid-fourteenth century while advancing economically? Part One In the first section of the book, the author elucidates the staying power of the Chinese empire was due to the following factors. The economics of defense in relation to the size of empire and the power of its neighbors never became an extreme burden that it rendered the state impotent for any consecutively long period of time. It was always able to reformulate itself after a short disunity or rule by a foreign power of the whole, which only happened twice within a two thousand year period (Mongol and Manchu rule). Two other factors that contributed to the continuity of the Chinese state include a relatively isolated existence from the rest of the Eurasian landmass and the important placed on cultural unity, beginning with the first emperor's destruction of local records in order to quell local loyalties (pp.21-22). Both of these factors had been built up over time through a revolution in communication and transportation. Part Two The second section of the book...
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...identified by the red color of its sweat. The Chinese believed that this large stallion would lead them into the next life, reincarnation. We can tell the people really believed in the items they were burying with them to bring into the next life because everything was so carefully crafted and perfected. Another sculpture captured my attention as it solidified my understanding of the fengshui we read about in book Chinese Religious Life. This piece was a pottery residential compound from the Ming dynasty (1368-1644). According to fengshui, the gate must always exist on the southwest end with a screen to protect the people from evil spirits. Each unit in the compound is also very angular, forming perfect squares. We noted also that the doors all faced each other, promoting a harmonious life together. When we reached the floor with all the Buddhist statues, it was absolutely fascinating. One that stood out was the seated Buddha, beautifully produced with lacquered wood during the Ming dynasty (1368-1644). They looked slightly different in...
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...Frankie Spellman Mr. Belal Humanities 7 April 2012 The Ming Dynasty’s Great Wall of China The Great Wall of China is one of the most creative pieces of work known to mankind. The construction of the wall began more than two thousand years ago. The construction of the wall was constructed by at least twenty different dynasties. The main purpose of the wall was to stop barbarians from the north from invading China and the Silk roads. The Silk roads were the main ways of traveling and for trading. A combination of many walls, referred to as the Great Wall of China, were built since the 5th century BC. The most famous is the wall built between 220 BC and 200 BC by the first Emperor of China, Quin Shi Huang. Little of it remains, it was much farther north than the current wall, which was built during the Ming Dynasty [“Great Wall Origin of the Great Wall | History.” Great Wall of China, History, Gallery of Pictures, Travel Guide, News, Discovery and Research]. The protective walls across northern China are on a scale that dwarfs every other construction project on earth. The walls travel through all kinds of terrain, beneath the sea, over jagged mountain ranges, and into forgiving deserts. The wall builders faced endless challenges and found ingenious ways to overcome them. The great majority of construction required the workers to haul sand and other supplies on their backs up steep hills for hours on in. The Great Wall is a testament to human achievement...
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...During the period 1400-1900, the region of East Asia underwent some dramatic changes economically and socially, while remaining mainly the same from a political aspect. From 1400-1900, the region of East Asia saw in a increase in imports from Western nations while experiencing an increase in industrialization. Also during this span of time, the region saw an end to strict and oppressive social hierarchies. Although the region experienced such changes, it remained characterized by strong central governments battling internal rebellions and external threats and maintained its strong roots of the early religion/ideology of Confucianism. ! From 1400-1900, East Asia experienced an increase in imports from Western nations while undergoing the process of industrialization. In Japan, the annual average of silk production increased by approximately 6000 tons between 1868-1899. Coal, used for industrial steamships and railroads, production increased from .6 million metric tons in 1875 to 5 metric tons by 1895(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji_Restoration). We see such increases in industrialization because the Japanese elite initiated economic reforms under the Meiji Restoration in order to industrialize Japan in hopes of catching up to more dominant Western countries that were dominating the world politically and economically. During this period we also see an increase in East Asian trade with Western nations. In China, we see an increase in opium imports from Britain. This change occurs...
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...Adams, Shatana English 97 Adams August 29, 2011 The comparison of two Chinese restaurants. Tehachapi, A small tourist town, is famous for their Chinese food and its old buildings. Once I moved to this town I was brought to both of the Chinese restraints for dinner. The Great Wall seemed so small, and like it was some kind of building that was just slapped together. The sunshine Buffet was in a better looking area, and better looking building. So which place would you consider going to? If you chose the Sunshine Buffet you’re thinking the way I was. They caught my eye by the decoration, and a better fit area. It’s out in the open, noticeable to people driving by on the street. Also the Sunshine Buffet restaurant caught my eye because of its nice, big building that looks like a high, expensive restaurant. Once entering the restaurant I noticed that the place seemed to be set up decently. They had a lot of seating that would fit at least six people a table. Sitting in my chair felt like I was sitting on a cloud. The space in-between you and others felt like you had your own wall blocking you from reality. Once we entered and got our seats we waited a good half hour to get our drinks. In the process of waiting on the poor servers, we went ahead and got our food since it was an open buffet. By the time we had got our food and sat back down our drinks showed up at our table. As we were getting ready to dig into our plates of food, we noticed that...
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...Hongwu Emperor – First Ming emperor, his name, Hongwu related to his martial nature. He conquered China from the previous Yuan dynasty and forced the Mongols out. Middle of the 14th century, 1350ISH. He was born a peasant. Buddhist monks but was not Buddhist, but was sympathetic towards Buddhists. Revamped the Confusian examination system. New irrigation and land granting to peasants. Transported people from the south to repopulate the north. Centralized power.Drew up a legal code. Confucian principal of merchants being paracitic. Farmers were key. Huizhou merchants – became stronger and rose up the social ladder, so to speak. Huizhou located between north and south became a hub for goods passing between north and south and so gradually, landowners began to dabble in business. Pawning and the salt trade were particularly important and profitable. Land became less important and commerce flourished despite officially being looked down on. This trade also improved communication and transportation as goods were taken from one place to the other. commutation of grain tax to silver - with agriculture surpluses and the extensive waterway transportation infrastructure, trading the surplus grain became commonplace and gradually, all this trading made substituting silver as payment for taxes rather than the actual grain – in this way, the value of the grain was virtually translated into its silver value which was more practical and more commercially flexible. new proposals of...
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...three categories) 12 Yuan 16 Yuan 20 Yuan Frame and glass 4 Yuan 6 Yuan Matting 4 Yuan Direct Labor Picking time 10 minutes 10 minutes 10 minutes Picking labor rate/hour 12 Yuan 12 Yuan 12 Yuan Matting and framing time 20 minutes 30 minutes Matting and framing rate/hour 21 Yuan 21 Yuan Illustration 1-2 – Manufacturing overhead budget for Sino-Beauty Manufacturing Overhead Budget (in RMB) Supervisory salaries 100,000 Factory rent 130,200 Equipment rent (framing and matting equipment) 50,000 Utilities 20,000 Insurance 10,000 Information technology 50,000 Building maintenance 11,000 Equipment maintenance 4,000 375,200 4. Compute the product cost for the following three items. a. Yao Ming unframed print (base cost of print 12 Yuan).3.36+12+2=17.36 b. Jackie Chan print in steel frame, no mat (base cost of print 16 Yuan).4.48+16+4+2+7=33.48 c. Jet Li print in wood frame with mat (base cost of print 20 Yuan).5.6+20+6+4+2+10.5=48.1 5. (a) How much of the total overhead cost is expected to be allocated to unframed prints? 6. (b) How much of the total overhead cost is expected to...
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...Chinese Culture(中国传统文化) Ghulam Abbas Kan (3115999115) Email id:abbasalmani591@hotmail.com School of Electronic and information Xi’an Jiaotong University. INTRODUCTION: Culture itself is a relatively large concept. Generally speaking, culture is a kind of social phenomenon, and it is the product of people's long-term creation. At the same time, it is a historical accumulation of social history. The general culture is the sum of all the material and spiritual wealth created by human beings. Exactly speaking, culture refers to a country or a nation's history, geographical conditions, traditions, customs, way of life, literature, art, normative behavior, ways of thinking, values, and so on. According to the definition of British anthropologist Edward teller, culture "includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and as a member of the society the ability and habits that complex whole". Its core is as spiritual products of all kinds of knowledge, this matter is spread. Culture is a phenomenon peculiar to human beings. Culture is created by people, being unique.The culture is the product of human social practice. Chinese traditional culture is the civilization evolution and exchange integrated a reflect the national character and style of the national culture is nation in the history of all kinds of thoughts and ideology of the overall characterization, refers to the living in the area of Chinese nation and the ancestors created and inherited from generation to generation...
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...AP World History Survival Guide Name ________________________________ Teacher __________________________ Block _________________ Table of Contents | Pages | AP World History Overview | 3 – 7 | The AP Exam | 3 | World Regions | 4 – 5 | Five Course Themes | 6 | Four Historical Thinking Skills | 7 | Essays Overview | 8 - 15 | Document-based Question (DBQ) | 8 – 12 | Change and Continuity over Time (CCOT) | 13 – 15 | Comparative Essay | 16 – 18 | Released Free Response Questions | 19 – 20 | AP Curriculum Framework | 21 – 38 | Period 1 (Up to 600 B.C.E.)—5% | 21 – 22 | Period 2 (600 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.)—15% | 23 – 25 | Period 3 (600 to 1450)—20% | 26 – 28 | Period 4 (1450 to 1750)—20% | 29 – 31 | Period 5 (1750 to 1900)—20% | 32 – 35 | Period 6 (1900 to the present)—20% | 36 – 38 | Help with Some Confusing Subjects | 39 – 43 | Chinese Dynasties | 39 | Political, Economic, and Social Systems | 40 | Religions | 41 | Primary Sources | 42 | “Must Know” Years | 43 | * Many of the guidelines in this study packet are adapted from the AP World History Course Description, developed by College Board. The AP Exam Purchasing and taking the AP World History exam are requirements of the course. This year, the AP World History exam will be administered on: ___________________________________________ Format I. Multiple...
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...Wang Fuzhi (1619–1692) was a Chinese philosopher of the late Ming, early Qing dynasties. Wang Fuzhi inherited and further developed the materialism of his predecessors and established the system of Simple Materialism. He believes that the world is material; material is primary and eternal. Wang Fuzhi (1619–1692) was a Chinese philosopher of the late Ming, early Qing dynasties. Wang Fuzhi inherited and further developed the materialism of his predecessors and established the system of Simple Materialism. He believes that the world is material; material is primary and eternal. Zhu Xi (1130 – 1200) was a Song Dynasty Confucian scholar who was the most influential rationalist Neo-Confucian in China. His synthesis of Neo-Confucian thought long dominated Chinese intellectual life. He assigned special significance to the The Four Books and emphsized on the investigation of things (Gewu), and the synthesis of all fundamental Confucian concepts. Zhu Xi (1130 – 1200) was a Song Dynasty Confucian scholar who was the most influential rationalist Neo-Confucian in China. His synthesis of Neo-Confucian thought long dominated Chinese intellectual life. He assigned special significance to the The Four Books and emphsized on the investigation of things (Gewu), and the synthesis of all fundamental Confucian concepts. Huang Zongxi (1610 – 1695) was a Chinese thinker during the latter part of the Ming dynasty and the early part the Qing Dynasty. Huang was well-known for being one of the first...
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...When I reached high school I decided to switch sports. It was then that basketball became my passion. After trying out for my high school team and making the cut, I was able to experience a new opportunity. The opportunity in being able to compete with other countries. My team and I were eligible to compete in the Junior Southeast Asian games. We competed with team members who came from China, Mongolia, Laos, Japan, Cambodia and Vietnam. I would play my heart out during every practice and especially every game. I was soon rewarded for my talent. I was named Best in Sports and Athlete of the Year when I graduated from high school. One of my favorite examples that came into contrast to the stereotype that Asians can not play sports is Yao Ming. Yao Ming who plays center for the Houston Rockets team is also one of the best professional basketball players in the NBA. His ability to block and shoot from the perimeter overcomes the average of a typical center players ability during a...
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...Rewards and merits have a major impact on civilization and society. This impact can be either a positive or negative and sometimes create situations that could encourage criminal behavior. If this behavior is allowed to go on without consequences then it festers into a culture of a disorder that is nearly impossible to correct. The Ming Dynasty encouraged banditry in the province of Jiangxi for years without knowing the government was to blame for this major problem. The Ming Empire was established after Yuan (Mongol Empire) in 1368 and lasted until 1644. During the Ming rule there was a culture of lawlessness within the rural mountainous region of Jiangxi. This area is an ideal location for bandits and criminals to hide undetected by the leisurely Ming soldier. Due to the high taxation of the Ming government on the commoners, peasants have taken the side of bandits in concealing their location and have turn to criminal behavior their selves. “These common people who had suffered at the hands of these bandits would at first, join together to oppose them, or they would complain to the officials for redress, relying on the power of the authorities to up hold the law and order. But the authorities, considering that the bandits would not be invited to surrender in any case did not bother taking up cases with them. The bandits, on their part, well knowing the authorities would not interfere with them, would further oppress the people and harass them even to a greater extent”.(Wang...
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...The traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine are both of significance in the field of medicine,and we cannot simply say which is better.But they have many differences in the origin,the methods to diagnose and the therapeutic effects. Firstly, everything must have a beginning, so do traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine.The traditional Chinese medicine refers to a broad range of medicine practices sharing the theoretical concepts which are based on a tradition of more than 2000 year in China, including various forms of herbal medicine、acupuncture and dietary therapy.While western medicine based on the pathology,physiology and microbiology for a microscopic investigation including several types of pill injection,surgery and surgical operation vaccination.As we know,one's character determines one's destiny.And the different origins result in people's total different attitude toward the two branches of medicine. More and more people pay more attention to the western medicine instead of traditional Chinese medicine because of the powerful and convincing medical experiments. Secondly, they use different methods to diagnose the disease.A Chinese doctor examines his patient by using method like observing,smelling,asking and feeling.So the Chinese doctor determines the problems of the patients' internal organs by inference through observing various exterior signs,such as the complexion or the tongue. However a western doctor relies on symptoms or evidence like body...
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...Shanghai Shanghai Power and influence The politics are a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in the mainland of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Mayors since 1927 and because it is a communist country, all power comes from Beijing so although Shanghai is the largest and most wealthy country in China it has no political power due to the dictatorship of China. Income and wealth In these three regions - Beijing, Guangdong and Zhejiang - were the only ones with average annual disposable incomes of 30,000 to 40,000 yuan , while 19 other provinces including Jiangsu and Tianjin had 20,000 to 30,000 yuan. Education Shanghai, the largest city in China, was the first to achieve one hundred per cent primary and junior high school enrolment. It was one of the first to achieve almost universal secondary school attendance. Also notable is that all students in Shanghai who want to attend some type of higher education are able to do so. Universal education involved including children of migrant workers from rural areas of the country – amounting to 21 per cent of school children in the city. (With a population of nearly 20 million, that's nearly four million migrant school children. Global connections It does not have much global connections as it is not the capital of China and has a lack of political power but it does have some connections as it is the largest city in China and has the most airports. Culture It is limited as although it has...
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