...Media and Diplomacy in International Relations Id number: 620071261 Course code: Govt 1008 Course name: Introduction to International Relations Date: 17/03/2015 Topic: Media and Diplomacy Media and Diplomacy in International Relations. In the period leading up to the overthrow of political authorities in the Middle East, young activists used social media to spread dissident discourse, organize protests and transmit live footage of revolutions across the world. Simultaneously, stubborn autocrats clung to political survival tactics by blocking their citizens’ access to social media sites like Twitter and Facebook in order to disrupt the gathering momentum of a networked people determined to change their governments. Communication is essential to diplomacy, it always has been. As Nicolson (1954:2) wrote “The origins of diplomacy lie buried in the darkness preceding what we call the dawn of history. There came a stage when the anthropoid apes inhabiting one group of caves realized that it might be profitable to reach some understanding with neighboring groups regarding the limits of their respective hunting territories”. Information gathering, reporting, and sharing have been across the centuries the staple diet of diplomats. Communication is so crucial to diplomatic activity that, over history, virtually any advance in communication technology has affected the practice of diplomacy. Nickles (2003) in Under the Wire specifically examines the impact of...
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...Introduction The neglect, for a long time, of African contribution to modern diplomacy, by scholars and the failure to forcefully project the history and image of Africa, exposed the continent to uncharitable, disparaging and judgemental comments by Eurocentric historians who denied African history. However, the notion in certain quarters that Africans were not capable of engaging in any systematic and sophisticated art of diplomacy is to a large extent not true. (Adegbulu, 2011) Foreign Relations in Global Perspective. Diplomacy is the fundamental means by which foreign relations are conducted and a foreign policy implemented, far from being the invention of capitalism or of the modern nation state, is found in some of the most primitive communities and seems to have evolved independently by peoples in all parts of the world. The basic object of diplomacy is to enable men to live with their neighbours, a feat which requires a measure of accommodation to the interests of others. Above all, they are the questions of peace and war, and then such matters as the conclusion and observance of treatise, the making, maintenance and breaking of alliances, the establishment of boundaries, the development and protection of trade and the payment of tribute. The means by which these are pursued need to be adjusted to changing circumstances, but the employment of accredited agents (diplomatists) to represent and to negotiate on behalf of a state or society seems to be...
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...The data analysis is based on the journals, articles, books and websites I have used for the literature review. It gave me fascinating results. It is must to say that Sino-Indian relationship is based on powerful basics and there is a big potential as well to develop and strengthen the ties between the two. There is no doubt that India and China are both strongest countries in Asia in terms of Economy. Moreover both of them are developing at a rapid pace. The rest of the world has started to take these two countries seriously and the day might come when they will be the ones to drive the world. Even the economy is growing rapidly and with consistency. Both of them today are world’s fastest growing nations. In recent years, India and China are constantly on fourth and second leading economies respectively. They have left back other huge economies like few European countries and also countries like Japan, Russia, etc. The other fact is that both of them are world’s most populous countries, so it might be the case that in terms of per capita income they are at lower rank, but in terms of total GDP, they are constantly on the leading positions. These two countries are responsible for a big part of world’s total GDP. If we look at India, there is a huge number of people living below poverty line and also the basic needs are not available for the whole population, it is surprising that it still occupies its place in the world’s top five economies. It is the same case with China where...
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...Running head: - TITLE The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy Claudette E. Washington Professor Dr. Michael Simms POL 300 – International Problems May 5, 2016 Summarize a situation that required U.S diplomatic efforts during the president’s time in office. The patronizing presidency for Jimmy Carter obligated a one-term governor of a southern state with no coast-to-coast or global involvement. His individual foreign policy goals were understood in the statute of law as well as global matters and in the belief of independence for all people. Furthermore, he required the United States to yield the main indorsing surrounding widespread human rights. Mr. Carter said that the American power must be trained sparingly and that the United States would avoid military involvements as much as possible. Through my research Carter opinions were to help the American families, during the eras of the Soviet Union and to undergo recovery of two state financially control settlements that would relax Cold War strains. Carter's supporters requested his desired of the govern in a diverse way, he wanted not to appoint the Washington insiders to top overseas program locations. After the election Carter accepted the needs of professionals nearby him to deportment for his foreign policy. Carter was impressed with professor Zbigniew Brzezinski of Columbia University, asked him to be his national security adviser and...
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...The Sanctions Debate and the Logic of Choice David A. Baldwin debate over whether economic sanctions "work" is mired in a scholarly limbo. One writer contends that recent international relations scholarship has promoted optimism about the utility of such measures and sets out to challenge this trend} while another notes the pessimism that "pervades the sanctions literature" and proceeds to argue that it is unjustified. 2 A third scholar cites the sanctions literature as an example of fruitless academic debate with little policy relevance.3 Such divergent readings of the scholarly literature are often explained by differences in ideology or fundamentally different theoretical orientations. This does not seem to be the case with respect to the sanctions debate. Under appropriate circumstances, it is quite possible for liberals, neoliberals, realists, neorealists, or globalists to argue in favor of using economic sanctions. If the sanctions debate is bogged down, the explanation does not seem to lie in the essentially contested nature of the subject matter. A second potential explanation is that scholars are talking past one another because they ask different questions, use different concepts, and set the discussion in different analytical contexts. In short, they are talking about different things. This article explores the second explanation. The basic paradox at the heart of the sanctions debate is that policymakers continue to use sanctions with increasing...
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...Center Herzliya Lauder School of Government, Diplomacy and Strategy Argov Fellows Program in Leadership and Diplomacy Cultural Diplomacy: An Important but Neglected Tool in Promoting Israel’s Public Image Ronit Appel, Assaf Irony, Steven Schmerz, Ayela Ziv May 2008 Table of Contents 1. Introduction and Research Methodology Introduction……………………………………………………………………..3 Research Questions………………………………………………………..……4 Methodology………………………………………………………………..…..5 2. A Definition of Cultural Diplomacy and its Benefits Cultural Diplomacy: A Definition……………………………………….…….7 Benefits of Cultural Diplomacy – In General and Specifically for Israel……………………………………..8 Can the Benefits of Cultural Diplomacy be Measured?.................................................................................17 Examples of the Positive Effects of Cultural Diplomacy Programs…………………………………………18 French-German Relations: A Case Study of Successful Cultural Diplomacy………………………………21 3. Appreciation for Cultural Diplomacy in the United States and Europe The United States of America…………………………………………..……..25 Europe……………………………………………………………………..…..28 4. Cultural Development in Israel Israeli Culture……………………………………………………………….…31 Organizations in Israel Promoting Culture……………………………....……34 Governmental Support of the Promotion of Culture………………………….35 5. The Israeli Government’s Attitude Toward Cultural Diplomacy Does the Israeli Government Value Cultural 1 Diplomacy?.........................................
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...On one hot late-summer day when I was in high school, my parents came back from a shopping trip with a surprise present for me: the legendary board game, Diplomacy. At first I scoffed at such an old-fashioned game. Who would want to waste glorious sunny days moving armies around a map of pre-World War I Europe, pretending to be Bismarck or Disraeli? But after playing the game once, I became absolutely riveted by the nuances of statecraft, and soon began losing sleep as I tried to craft clever diplomatic gambits, hatch devious schemes, and better understand the game's ever-changing dynamics. As my friends and I spent the second half of the summer absorbed by the game, my parents grinned knowingly. How could I resist being fascinated with Diplomacy, they asked me, when I incessantly read about international affairs, and liked nothing more than debating politics over dinner? How could I resist being fascinated, when I had spent most of my summers in Greece (and, much more briefly, France and England), witnessing first-hand the ways in which countries differ socially, culturally, and politically? Though my passion for foreign policy and international affairs undoubtedly dates back to high school, I never had the chance to fully develop this interest before college. Once I arrived at Harvard, however, I discovered that I could learn about international relations through both my academics and my extracurricular activities. Academically, I decided to concentrate in Government, and,...
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...“The work of each of these artists represents a particular depth of understanding and sensitivity about the history of our nation.” Dakar: Places in Our Live [1] “Thanks to art, instead of seeing one world, our own, we see it multiplied and, as many original, artists as there are, so many worlds are at our disposal.” Andre Marlaux[2] Introduction Art is a tenuous relationship as history would attest but it is one that could not be belittled or undermined. It produced various schools of thought among the ancient Greeks and continues to provide profound forum of debate among contemporary scholars. As President Ferdinand Marcos have stated, “For the artist has always been a dynamic factor in social and cultural development and art is always an essential vehicle of truth and of relationship”.[3] In the realm of human experience, the artist has to confront the truth in its various critical situations consequently depending on, his interpretation of urgent realities; he becomes either the advocate of change or an adversary of it. But he can never be uncommitted nor be irresponsible. In the present time where plans and options for governments shift in the global expediency, the artist must always guard against obstacles to national growth and progress. "Art and Globalization makes an important contribution to the diverse critical practices and aesthetic performances that define the global era.[4]” These remarks were written for the book entitled Arts and...
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...Week 8: International Norms. * How to think about diplomacy less about actors and more about the processes. There are more than just the traditional actors now. How do INGOs try to exercise leverage/influence? * NGOs use institutions to try to leverage their pressure/policies. * Combat negative policy choices and advance the positive ones: * Dissemination of alternative information: ex: Israeli bombing of gaza in past eras….you would not know much back then, but now it’s instantaneous. * Experts!!! Build expert authority… * Get allies!! Build a network, get support. * The importance of public diplomacy, i.e. the courtroom of public opinion. * Short-term high politics on acute crisis issues vs. long term transnational chronic social issues. COMPLIANCE: CAN STATES CHANGE THEIR BEHAVIOR? * Classic advocacy for norm diffusion: * The spiral model of how norms work: Risse, Ropp, Sikkink (RRS)- CASCADE MODEL (how to turn a state from not doing something into doing it): * Repression: ex state promoting torture. You step in and condemn torture…. * Denial: we don’t torture, or we have to torture, or we use humane ways of torture. * Tactical concessions (the tipping point – entrapping repressive govs) : ex: we’ll stop torture over 30 years, or use medical torture etc… tipping point: so many tactical concessions that everyone starts to change all together. * Prespective status:...
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...categories: hard power, soft power and smart power. Hard power is just that. Government controlled military, police and other law enforcement agencies. Since 2002, Columbia’s military and police forces have grown by 50%. President Santos served as Defense Minister for 3 years prior to his Presidency. In that time he implemented many changes, which resulted in destabilizing prominent cartels and guerrilla insurgents. In 2012 it is estimated that threats of terrorist actions and control by organized crime was reduced to less than 6% of the nation. This is a direct result of the demobilization of several illegal arms groups. Soft Power is the use of diplomacy, negotiations and legitimacy. Nations need to have to ability to display their sovereignty to the global community through peaceful means. President Santos has used diplomacy in order to create a ceasefire with FARC and release all kidnapped persons by criminal organizations. All of these measures also made it feasible for President Obama to join the peace talks between...
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...! ! ! ! ! Assignment#3! MB!8600! ! WILL!SYRIA!BE!THE!NEXT!IRAQ?! > A!look!at!what!USA’s!move!in!Syria!should!be! by! Deep!Bhatia! Student!ID:!500128395! September!24th,!2013! ! ! 1! ! Table&of&Contents& 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 ! Introduction...................................................................................................................................1!! Methodology.................................................................................................................................1!! Summary!of!the!empirical!findings................................................................................................2! References.....................................................................................................................................5! Appendix........................................................................................................................................8!! ! 2! ! WILL&SYRIA&BE&THE&NEXT&IRAQ?& Introduction& What!began!as!a!relatively!minor!civil!uprising!in!Damascus,!Syria!in!March!2011!as!an!influence!of!Arab& Spring!(wave!of!demonstrations!and!protests!in!the!Arab!world)!has!now!escalated!to!a!full>blown!civil! war,!with!an!alarming!number!of!deaths,!and!the!news!of!chemical!weapons.!The!war!initially!began!as!a! protest!from!the!masses!against!the!allegedly>corrupt!regime,!led!by!Bashar!Al>Assad,!whose!main! demand!was!that!he!step!down!from!his!post;!however,!recent!tolls!have!estimated...
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...Nikolas Does the USA still remain a global hegemon? Hegemony is the political, economic, or military predominance or control of one state over others. This power is based on the countries structural position which enables the hegemon to shape the actions and influence other states by using soft power (Soft power is the ability to shape the preferences of others through appeal and attraction via politics, culture and foreign policies) more often than not rather than hard power (Hard power is the use of military and economic means to influence the behavior or interests of other political bodies aggressively) and use of force. The US is commonly known as a superpower or ‘hegemon’ though this idea has been challenged by both external and internal factors like the economic prowess of other countries like China who’s rise has been astonishing and are projected to overtake the USA by 2030 as the greatest financial power. If judged in military terms then the USA appears to remain dominant, their lead over the rest of the world is huge. In 2011, the US accounted for 42% of the world’s military spending and had a x5 fold lead over China, the second largest military spender. The US has around 700 military bases around the world as well as an unequivocal lead in high tech weaponry that can intervene militarily in any part of the world and sustain multiple operations like in Afghanistan and Iraq. Though, their power in military terms could be rendered redundant due to their lack...
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...whiteboard: "The word 'no' is not allowed." That simple rule helped to explain why innovation thrived at the company and also demonstrated the leader's tactful and motivational style. By being open, listening to others with respect, and seeing the value in what they had to say—vs. shooting down ideas—she fashioned herself into a great leader and a true office diplomat. We've all observed managers with a knack for making people feel included, gently persuading others to cooperate, and generally inspiring others. Today's most sought-after leaders never stopped displaying these qualities during the recession. Poise, transparency, and tact will also help any job seeker. Are you up for the challenge? Here are some suggestions. Keep an office diplomacy reminder. Place in plain sight something that makes you think kindly of your workers: perhaps a photo of you and your team at a company picnic. Or simply slap a sticky note that says "tact" on your desk or create an empty folder on your computer's desktop and name it "Be Genuine"—whatever it takes to keep you mindful of the importance of interpersonal intelligence. Don't focus on being right; focus on being receptive. Embrace differing opinions. Teachers often say they learn the most from their students. If you adopt this approach, you'll likely expand your knowledge base, and people will in turn respect what you have to say. Don't "textize" all your communications. Imagine an office in which we all blurt out "K," "OMG," "LOL," "IMHO...
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..."HONESTY MAY LEAD YOU TOWARDS SUCCESS, BUT SOMETIMES, DIPLOMACY IS ALSO NECESSARY TO FACE THE WORLD" Honesty is the best policy. We have always been taught this and also that to lie is a bad thing to do. There is a certain beauty in living life with honesty. While the benefits of and motivations for choosing honesty in life are many — including that truthfulness and honesty are integral to one’s sense of moral integrity — living a life of honesty ultimately means having little to regret. Living with honesty is less about persistently resorting to truth over deception, and is more about living your life in a way that is “honest” to who you are on the inside — your strengths, your gifts, and your passions, as well as your beliefs and morals. Being true to ourselves should undoubtedly help lead us to what most of us strive for in life —some form of fulfillment. For, if we stay true to ourselves and to our nature, we are all more likely to pursue something about which we are passionate; when our careers or life goals are driven by what we love, we are more likely to find that sense of fulfillment. Regardless of whether you succeed or fail, when you stay true to yourself the choices and decisions you make every day are seldom ever regretted because your motivations for those choices and decisions were not influenced by ulterior motives or anyone other than yourself. And having so little to regret from living with honesty is something truly beautiful. Honesty is one of the most important...
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...Georgetown, Saudi international relations For many years, I have been interested in studying international relations. My interest in pursuing this field stems from several factors which have affected me. First, I have been exposed to international affairs throughout my life. With my father and two of my brothers in the Saudi Foreign Service, I have grown up under the shadow of inter-national affairs. Second, I am fascinated by history, economics, and diplomacy. I believe, through the study of international relations, I can effectively satisfy my curiosity in these fields. A third factor which has affected my interest in international relations is patriotism. Through the Foreign Service, I would not only have the opportunity to serve my country, but also have the chance to help bridge gaps between my country and others. Finally, as a Saudi living abroad, I have been bridging cultures throughout my life. This experience has taught me to look for differences to compromise and similarities to synthesize in order to balance different cultures. In short, I believe that my experiences in life, combined with a rigorous academic education, will enable me to pursue a successful career in the Saudi Foreign Service. Georgetown, Favorite class At St. Albans, especially in our later years, we are given the freedom to choose from a vast array of classes. Using this freedom, I have selected classes which have personal significance to me, regardless of difficulty or appearance on my transcript...
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