An essay
On
The Impact of Disability in Transition to Adulthood

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Table of Contents
Introduction 2
Impact of disability on transition to adulthood 3
Social model of disability 3
An example of social model of disability 4
Attitudes: 4
Social support: 4
Adequate information: 4
Physical structure: 4
Flexible work hour: 4
Areas of discrimination 5
Education: 5
Employment: 5
Transportation: 5
Housing problems: 5
Law and public policy in favor of disable people 5
Conclusion: 6
References: 7

Introduction
In the past century, disability is used to refer to a distinct class of people. There are different characteristics of disability such as paraplegia, deafness, blindness, autism, epilepsy and depression. Dis abilities refers to the absence of a limb or sensory function, chronic debases, inability to perform cognitive function and psychiatric disorders. Two common features of disability given by WTO are: a physical or mental characteristic labeled or perceived as an impairment or dysfunction (it will refer as “impairments”), some personal or social limitation associated with that impairment (Anon, 2015). An example of disability is the story of David Abraham who is 30 year old. He likes to play football and cricket, to hear music and to enjoy and entertain movies. David has disability problems that one un-matured leg is shorter than other and learning disability in language. His language disability involves lower production of spoken language, verbal language skills and production of fluency of speech. He cannot move a single distance without his wheelchair. He can perform his day to day function such eating and sanitation. He can move where facilities are created in favor of wheelchair. The disability problem makes the transition of childhood into adulthood. He is treated as a child in his 30 years. He was very friendly with his friends and classmates. From the beginning of nursery to school and college, he was fetched by his family member. He has obtain the BBA and MBA degree from national university. Now he is trying to achieve a job. He has taken part in different exam and passed the exam but when he faced any interview, he has become disappointed because he was refused at any way. He faced an interview in the last year for a vacancy of teacher. The executive body refused him informing the fact that his speech clear enough to understand. He has faced many interview to get a job throughout the two years but he is refused at any cost. He has managed a job of clerk in a retail store. He is happy with his present job. The next steps of David Abraham is to marry a girl. Many girls are interested to marry him by knowing the educational and job background. But when the meet with him, they never gives a chance to talk about marry.

Impact of disability on transition to adulthood
The process of moving from childhood to adulthood is known as transition into adulthood that is the most difficult period in life. The period involves new environment, social situation, changes and challenges that need to be undergone (Barnes and Mercer, 2003). This period is characterized as growing up, progression of experience, maturity, right and responsibility of oneself and others, own choice, taking risk and learn from mistakes, refusing treatment like a child, leaving home and the family, living with beloved, ability of making friendship, opportunity of job and work, emotion, anger, stress, frustration and sexual relationship.
Social model of disability
Researchers say that the social model of disability is a health conditions that are discussed by medical science. The social model of disability is the result of the interaction between people who live with impairments and an environment filled with physical, attitudinal, communication and social barriers. It therefore carries the implication that the physical, attitudinal, communication and social environment must change to enable people living with impairments to participate in society on an equal basis with others (Gov.uk, 2015). The social model of disability is now recognized by people all over the world. Social model of disability is used to view and address disability. One example is the united nation convention on the rights of person with disabilities that makes the official paradigm shift in attitudes towards people with disabilities. Social model of disability clarifies that these people are not only get medical treatment and social protection but also they have right to make free decision like an active member of a society.
An example of social model of disability: David Abraham cannot express this thought in organized but he can express the thinking better in writing. So, other people working with him will help David by explain the thought be write on the paper. Or, the company can use computer system to help him to express thought on screen. The social model of disability focuses on the following changes factors in a society. These factors are:

Attitudes: Model says that a more positive attitudes toward certain mental disorder or behavior should be created to support people with disability. People should try to understand the potential quality and creativity of those people. Attitudes should be changed so that these people can overcome the limitation and difficulties in leading to life. People of society should not create any embarrassment and disappoint for disable people in different situation such in school, road and restaurant (Holstein and Meuers, 1989).
Social support: Support should be given in education, walk and job. Supports should be given to overcome barriers and discrimination that they face in different part of life. Example is to provide a daddy to explain work culture for an employee with autism.
Adequate information: Education should be provided in appropriate suitable format such as braille format for blind people to teach them. It will be provided in suitable level of complexity and coverage (Holstein and Meuers, 1989).
Physical structure: Physical structure of building such as school, college, university, hospital and office should be designed in a way that provides sloped access of these disable people.
Flexible work hour: Flexible work hours for people with circadian rhythm sleep disorders should be provided so that they can feel relax in job. Example is people who experience anxiety and panic attacks in rush hour traffic, flexible time will be given to them.
Social model of disability also includes economics that creates positive, relatable experience or negative experience to disable people. Economic model of disability says that people can be disable by a lack of resources to meet their needs. The model address under estimation of potential of people but the people with disability have potential in contributing in society. Society may not able to provide equal rights and facilities for disable people like others.

Areas of discrimination
Education: Past study shows that many educational institution does not accessible to disable person. In the case, David Abraham wishes to enter into a softer engineering school but the executives of the school refuse him showing the cause that the institution lacks of facilities in favor of disables people (Holstein and Meuers, 1989).
Employment: Similarly, there are many work places in the developed countries where the disable people do not get permission to work. Disable in the third world countries never think to lead a human life let alone employment opportunity. Employers often fail to understand that a physical disability does not similar to mental impairment and even fellow workers oppose to the employment of disabled persons (Holstein and Meuers, 1989).
Transportation: Severe discrimination is seen in the transportation system for disable people. Most of the countries of the world failed to provides accessible means of transportation to disable people. Rather people with disability are not independent in leading life. They depends on others to move one place to another.
Housing problems: No building in the second and third world countries is accessible of disable people. Even building is constructed in developed countries where the use of wheelchair is extremely difficult or impossible. Discrimination is seen in hotel, restaurant, cinema, sport even place design that are not accessible to disable people.
Law and public policy in favor of disable people: According to the disability discrimination act of United Kingdom, medical model of disabled people are considered people in certain condition such their ability to carry out their day to day activities. The social model of disability discusses the factors that are employer’s obligation to design services that provides reasonable adjustment to their policies, practices, physical aspects of the premises (Marshall, 2001). In the discussion of the case, the assignment David Abraham is a disable people with physical impairment but not with mental disorder. He cannot move a short distance without his wheelchair. He has obtained his BBA and MBA from a public university. He faces many discrimination in the way of life. Last he was searching a job but the employers refused him because the office building, workplace and policy does not fit for a people with wheelchair. But it was the employers’ obligation and duties to create building and workplace in a way that is suitable for disable with wheelchair according to the provision of the UK disability discrimination law (Gov.uk, 2015).

Conclusion: Physical disable people are not burden for a society or for his family. Rather if facility and support are given to them they can contribute in society and family. The assignment discuss the discrimination and problems that are faced by Davit Abraham with physical impairment in the process of transition to adulthood. The assignment provides guidelines on how effective and enjoyable transition to adulthood can ensure. These are social support, information, employment and friends that makes the life of a people with physical handicraft more flexible. Many countries in the world has introduced law in favor of disable people but condition of these people does not change. In this case, the practices of social model on disability can bring change.

References:
Anon, (2015). [online] Available at: http://Weber, M. (2007). Disability harassment. New York: New York University Press. [Accessed 7 May 2015].Barnes, C. and Mercer, G. (2003). Disability. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
Gov.uk, (2015). Definition of disability under the Equality Act 2010 - GOV.UK. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/definition-of-disability-under-equality-act-2010 [Accessed 7 May 2015].
Gov.uk, (2015). Disability rights - GOV.UK. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/rights-disabled-person/overview [Accessed 7 May 2015].
Holstein, L. and Meuers, C. (1989). Disability discrimination. St. Paul, Minn.: Minnesota Continuing Legal Education.
Marshall, K. (2001). Disability law. London: Cavendish.
Powell, J. (1999). Disability. Austin, Tex.: Raintree Steck-Vaughn.
Weber, M. (2007). Disability harassment. New York: New York University Press.