...trouble- shooting simpler, It reduces power and the HVAC requirements, also lowers cost with switches and ports, and the switch makes the intelligent decisions. The disadvantages is a break in the cable results in communication failure at only one host, limited to devices, single point failure. Universal it’s the easiest of the three networking architectures to cable. The bus topology is the simplest network also known as a linear bus. In this topology all computers are connected to a contiguous cable to a cable joined together. This is how it works each computer listens only for the transmission form other computers; they do not repeat or forward the transmission on the other computers. The signal travels to both ends of the cable. Advantages single cable connects all machines; each machine links to the cable using a T connector, each end of the cable requires a terminator. Disadvantage a break in the cable results in the total communication failure. The next topology is a ring which is when all computers are connected in a contiguous circle. The ring has no ends or hub. This is how it works each computer in the ring receives signals (data ) from its neighbor, repeats the signal and passes it along to the next node in the ring. The advantages of a ring topology is single cable connects all machines, each machine is connected with a T-Connector, each end of the cable connects together and it’s an old network. The disadvantage is a...
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...Basically, reduce energy and water use, healthy indoor environmental quality, smart material selection and the buildings effects on its site are the key consideration of green building. Green building can achieve efficient use of energy which most of the present buildings in Hong Kong cannot. In Hong Kong, the greenhouse emissions are surprisingly high for a city that has well-developed public transport system, “Buildings could be a big source of such emissions, “Graham Kean, Asia-Pacific head of client solutions at Arcadis said. In order to improve the current situation, we can focus on the design of the new green building to achieve efficient energy consumption. The introduction of water- and energy-saving initiatives like advanced HVAC and lighting controls, low-flow fixtures, and cool roofs can reduce energy consumption for air-conditioning and lighting in buildings which utilize renewable energy, reduce waste, and decrease heating and cooling expenses. The Curtis National Park Service building, which is the LEED gold certified building in United States...
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...With that being said there are also disadvantages to each. The pluses and minuses can be financial, personal or simply a matter of convenience. Advantages to buying a house of your own could include the equity you are building, you can customize however you want, you can have some stability, and the value of your house can increase. When you buy a house you can build equity in the property. Simply stated, this is the difference between the value of the house and the amount you owe on a mortgage. This equity can be used if ever needed as a line of credit or eventually you will be able to put your house on the asset side of your balance sheet. When you own a house you can choose to tear down walls, paint the walls whatever color you want, or remodel the kitchen to your perfect specifications with no limitations, besides your budget. Also, when you buy a house, you don’t have to worry about the owner selling the property and the new owner wants you out of the house. There is no worry about your rent increasing, landlord not renewing your lease, or having loud neighbors if in a multifamily house. The last advantage is your home can increase in market value, possilbly making it worth more than you paid for the house. Disadvantages to buying a home could include paying for all the repairs, expensive mortgage payment, and value could depreciate. When you own a house and your furnace goes out on New Year’s Day it your responsibility to call the HVAC tech out and to pay him for a holiday...
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...Executive Summary This document is prepared for the purpose of scope management and financial data analysis for investment decision making. URP consultant is hired by New Jersey department to do projects analysis. The project chosen is Project IHTRHU. Collection of data, detailed analysis, findings and conclusion method has been conducted in providing comprehensive report. However, some data is limited and assumptions are made for sensivity analysis purpose. There are three significant findings based on the scope management plan and financial analysis conducted. On the scope management plan, it has been found that the tracking and monitoring of performance report was lacking as expert advice was not consulted and project scope was not well defined. Findings revealed that among the three projects, Project IHTRHU is the best project due to highest positive NPV rates based on the financial analysis. The discussion analysis comprises IRR, discounted rate, hurdles rate, cash flow, inflation and interest rate for the sole purpose of investment returns. As observed the scope management plan is overall good. Recommendation for improvement on report and tracking performance can be enhanced in avoiding delay and mitigate risk. Also, various financial methods has been used to determine quick cash flow returns. Calculation on NPV is the best recommendation provided based on the exclusive mutually project factor as well as financial analysis views concluded from scholars. ...
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...Unit 4 Project: The Future of Energy in Illinois Raymond Kupczyk Kaplan University SC300-11: Big Ideas in Science: From Methods to Mutation Professor Smith November 13, 2012 The Future of Energy in Illinois Renewable energy technologies are becoming increasingly important in the world today. With the increase of fossil fuel prices, climate fluctuations, and energy security, renewable energy can be the key factor in eliminating the need for the decreasing resources that we use now that can be damaging the earth. Energy comes from a variety of sources and has many forms. The two main forms of energy are potential and kinetic. Energy that is stored within an object is potential energy, and the energy that does the work is kinetic energy. Primary energy sources can be categorized as nonrenewable or renewable. A nonrenewable energy source comes from the ground and has a limited abundance. Examples of nonrenewable energy sources would be oil, natural gas, coal, and uranium. Renewable energy sources examples would include the sun and wind; they can be renewed naturally in a short time frame. Secondary energy sources are converted from primary sources. Examples of secondary sources include electricity and hydrogen (Energy4me.org). The state of Illinois plays an important role in the transportation of crude oil and natural gas throughout North America. It has three natural gas market centers, a dozen interstate natural gas pipelines, an oil port, and several petroleum and petroleum...
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...Energy Saving Through Smart Home By M.VINOD KUMAR 09H71A0256 K.V.P.CHAND 10H75A0206 EEE, B-tech IV year MIC College of Technology Kanchikacherla 1 Abstract-Energy saving is considered as one of the most important issue affects the consumers, power system quality and the global environment. The high energy demanded by home appliances, air conditioning and lighting makes homes to be considered as one of the most critical area for the impact of energy consumption. Smart home technology is a good choice for people not only care about security, comfort but energy saving as well. In this paper, a smart home energy management technique based on a set of sensors is presented. It minimizes the domestic energy waste and can be adapted according to the user habits. A proposed scenario is reported of daily routine and performed by 16 steps. Three assumptions of varying the time spent in each step according to different behaviour are examined. The effectiveness of the proposed set is shown based on a static correlation between the power consumption and saving. Keywords- Energy saving, smart home, occupancy sensor. I. INTRODUCTION Smart home technology started for more than a decade to introduce the concept of device and equipment networking in house. Smart home contains internal network and intelligent control on different home's services. The internal network can be built via wire or wireless communication technique between sensors and actuators .The intelligent control means the entire...
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...Seabreeze Virtualization Adoption Plan Bob Western Governors University Seabreeze Virtualization Adoption Plan The city of Seabreeze has had the misfortune of decreasing revenue for the past several years and is in desperate need of some cost saving initiatives. The solution must not impact services currently delivered to its citizens. Information technology (IT) is one of the services that must be maintained during the financial reductions. Because the city relies heavily on the use of IT to provide government services elimination of existing infrastructure is not an option. An alternate solution is essential in order to reduce the total cost of ownership (TCO) of the city’s IT equipment by providing newer technology that will have a higher return on investment (ROI). The option identified to fulfill this need is the adoption of virtualized servers, storage devices, and desktop computers. The conversion to virtualized environments will result in substantial cost savings as well as providing enhanced security, greatly improved disaster recovery, a more competent IT staff, and a smaller carbon footprint. 1. Benefits of Virtualization Virtualization is “the process of creating a virtual, rather than physical, version of something” (Virtualization, 2015). In the IT industry this refers to technology that utilizes software to imitate hardware and create virtual computer systems. One example of this is to use a single physical device such as a server and logically...
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...IMPLEMENTATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENCT AND RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS ACHIEVING ZERO ENERGY BUILDINGS ABSTRACT As the energy consumption, industrial production and automobile usage around the world increases gradually, the efforts to meet the steadily increasing energy demand would leave the environment devastated. Traditional buildings consume as much as 40% of the primary energy consumed worldwide and are major contributors for greenhouse gases. Hence, with the intention of reducing the energy usage which reduces the environmental pollution energy efficient measures have been introduced. The goal of these measures is to decrease the energy use of the building substantially and provide the building's energy needs with on-site renewable energy supply like Photovoltaics. This results in a concept called Net zero energy buildings or Zero Energy Buildings. Zero energy building (ZEB) is a building with zero energy consumption i.e., it consumes only the amount of energy generated by the renewable power on the building site. NZEBs produce zero carbon emissions annually as various renewable energy technologies are deployed on the building site. This paper addresses the energy efficient measures that can be implemented to cut down the power consumption. The energy efficient features implemented in ZEBs for energy savings is justified with a case study. I. INTRODUCTION The environmental effects that Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions across countries at different levels...
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...HVAC Design for Cleanroom Facilities Course No: M06-008 Credit: 6 PDH A. Bhatia Continuing Education and Development, Inc. 9 Greyridge Farm Court Stony Point, NY 10980 P: (877) 322-5800 F: (877) 322-4774 info@cedengineering.com HVAC FOR CLEANROOM FACILITIES Indoor air quality is of paramount importance for human comfort and health. Air, whether it is from outside or re-circulated within the area, acts as a vehicle for airborne contaminants brought in by the movement of people, material, etc. Since many of these airborne contaminants are harmful either to products or people working in such environments their removal is necessary on medical, legal, social or financial grounds. Cleanrooms are specially constructed, environmentally controlled enclosed spaces where the concentration of airborne particles (contaminants) is kept within specified limits. In industry, cleanrooms are used in the manufacturing of electronic hardware such as integrated circuits (ICs) and hard drives. In biotechnology and medicine, cleanrooms are used when it is necessary to ensure an environment free of bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens. Four fundamental rules apply to cleanrooms. 1) First, contaminants must not be introduced into the controlled environment from the outside. 2) Second, the apparatus or equipment within the controlled environment must not generate or otherwise give rise to contaminants (for example as a result of friction, chemical reactions, or biological processes). 3) Third...
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...Term Name the common cable types used today | | Definition UTP, STP, and Fiber Optic | | | Term What unit of measurement is a tenfold logarithmic ratio of power output to power input? | | Definition Decibel | | | Term Name 3 things that can contribute to attenuation. | | Definition Conductor Resistance, Mutual Capactitance, Impedence. | | | Term Name 3 types of crosstalk. | | Definition Near end cross talk, Far end Cross Talk, Equal Level Far end cross talk. | | | Term Name an organization which is part of the US goverment and controls communications. | | Definition FCC | | | Term What is the National Fire Protection Association responsible for? | | Definition to help protect people, property, and the environment from fire damage. | | | Term A telecommunications room can sometimes be referred to as what? | | Definition An enclosed space for housing telecommunications equipment. | | | Term Backbone cabling includes what? | | Definition The physical/electrical interconnections between telecommunications rooms and equipment rooms. | | | Term What is NOT a network architecture commonly used today? | | Definition | | | Term Name some characteristic about 10Base-T networking? | | Definition max cable length is 100 meters UTP | | | Term According to the NEC, article 800.100, Primary protectors shall be grounded: | | Definition The grounding conductor shall be insulated | | | Term What...
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...Sensors & Controls SECTION 8 Tips for Daylighting with Windows OBJECTIVE Design and install a control system to dim lights and/or turn them off when there is adequate daylight. • Reduce lighting energy consumption with automatic controls. • Use a lighting specialist for best results with the control system. KEY IDEAS General • Sensors “measure” light by looking at a wide area of the office floor and work surfaces from a point on the ceiling. The sensor’s signal is then used by the control system to dim or turn off the electric lights according to the available daylight. These simple components are needed to save energy in daylighted spaces. • Controls can respond to many variables. To save lighting energy, controls are typically designed to respond to daylight and a host of other inputs (e.g., occupancy sensors, weekend/holiday/nighttime schedules, etc.). • Include all control documentation in the construction documents. This should include clearly developed control schematics, control sequences, calibration instructions, maintenance plans and checklists, and clear testing procedures. • Lighting controls and sensors must be properly calibrated and commissioned prior to occupancy. This helps ensure energy savings and reduces the likelihood of complaints from occupants. • Take special care to document integrated control systems. Control schematics are critical where different building systems (e.g., lighting, mechanical, etc.) come together. Identify...
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...| A New House-Decision | Heather Chuan | | AXIA College | 11/27/2011 | | A home purchase is an important decision that a person can make in his or her lives. It is a place for the principles of economics to take into account to yield a decision that is profitable. The process requires a comparison of the marginal costs and the marginal benefits. It also requires that a person weigh out the own personal disadvantages and advantages related to this decision. I would take my family’s needs into consideration during this process in my life. There are five principles that is an appropriate to guiding a home purchase. The first of these is the principle “People Face Trade-offs”. People have to make choices if they are going to pay for a new home. The second principle is “The Cost of Something is What You Give Up to Get It”. The third principle that I believe is relevant here is “Rational People Think at the Margin”. There are marginal changes that we have to make to reach a successful action plan in this situation (Mankiw, 2007). The final two principles that apply are “People Respond to Incentives” and “Trade Can Make Everyone Better Off”. I would want to consider price of the biggest element in my decision for a new home purchase. I want to remain within my own planned budget when I make this decision. I will not consider that I have a demand for a house outside my given price range, so I will look for a home that meets my budget needs as well as meets my other...
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...CASE STUDY-BUSINESS CONTINUITY/DISASTER RECOVERY PLAN FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT AGENCY 1. Disaster Recovery for City Hall Server #3 a. RTO/RPO for Hardware/Software: The Recovery Time Objective (RTO) is the determined length of time from when a disruption occurs in which a department’s functionalities, systems, applications, etc. must recover. The RTOs for the City Clerk, HR, and Finance Departments are as follows: RTO: Recovery Time Objective APPLICATIONS CITY CLERK HR FINANCE Millennium – Internal Payroll Processing 1 Day 4 Hours 1 Day Access to External Ameripay Payroll Service 1 Day 4 Hours 1 Day Collector’s Office System (Access) 1 Month 1 Month 1 Month Building Department System (Access) 1 Month 1 Month 1 Month Water Department System (Access) 1 Month 1 Month 1 Month PeopleSoft (HR System) N/A 4 Hours N/A The Recovery Point Objective (RPO) is the amount of acceptable data loss determined by an organization during a disruption of systems. The RPOs for the City Clerk, HR, and Finance Departments are as follows: RPO: Recovery Point Objective APPLICATIONS CITY CLERK HR FINANCE Millennium – Internal Payroll Processing 0 0 0 Access to External Ameripay Payroll Service 0 0 0 Collector’s Office System (Access) 1 Week 1 Week 1 Week Building Department System (Access) 1 Week 1 Week 1 Week Water Department System (Access) 1 Week 1 Week 1 Week PeopleSoft (HR System) N/A 0 N/A Because the applications within each of the departments itemized above have...
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...Institute of Technology, Deemed university, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, Pin code-632014. INDIA. Abstract: Hospitals have not always been fully air conditioned, except for new buildings in urban areas where ambient noise and atmospheric pollution necessitate having closed, double glazed windows. Air conditioning has been restricted by economic considera¬tions and has been confined to places where it was essential, for example operating theatres. Many operating theatres have been air-conditioned using conventional methods of turbulent air distribution but, as with clean rooms, this proves unsatisfactory in the prevention of airborne contamination. This paper emphasizes different types of air-conditioning strategies, their advantages and disadvantages in the case of operation theatres. It also brings out the impact of computational fluid dynamics codes in Indoor air flow simulation. Keywords: Operation theatres, Air conditioning systems, operating room air distribution, Room air-conditioning strategies, Air- quality & computational fluid dynamics. 1.Introduction There are three sources of bacterial contaminations: the supply of air to the theatre; the surgical team; and the emissions of bodily vapors and organisms from the patient. To deal with these and to prevent turbulent air movement and convection currents from lifting pathogens, mixing them by entrainment with the supply air and depositing them on the patient, the best steps to take are as follows: (1) Provide special...
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...Introduction The use of computers to control a particular process in order to increase reliability and efficiency, often through the replacement of employees. For a manufacturer, this could entail using robotic assembly lines to manufacture a product. Automation is the use of control systems (such as numerical control, programmable logic control, and other industrial control systems), in concern with other applications of information technology (such as computer-aided technologies [CAD, CAM], to control industrial machinery and processes, reducing the need for human intervention. In the scope of industrialization, automation is a step beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization provided human operators with machinery to assist them with the muscular requirements of work, automation greatly reduces the need for human sensory and mental requirements as well. Processes and systems can also be automated. Automation plays an increasingly important role in the global economy and in daily experience. Engineers strive to combine automated devices with mathematical and organizational tools to create complex systems for a rapidly expanding range of applications and human activities. Many roles for humans in industrial processes presently lie beyond the scope of automation. Human-level pattern recognition, language recognition, and language production ability are well beyond the capabilities of modern mechanical and computer systems. Tasks requiring subjective assessment...
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