...Nanotechnology and its process on computing: Nano and technology: * a Nanometre is a unit of length in the metric system,equal to one billion of ametre(10-9). * Technology is the making usage and knowledge and tools,techinques and machines,in order to solve a problem or to perform specific function | | “ Nanotechnology is the art and science of manipulating in a nanoscale” Nanotechnology in computing: Computing includes designing, developing and building hardware and software systems; processing, structuring, and managing various kinds of information; doing scientific research on and with computers; making computer systems behave intelligently; and creating and using communications and entertainment media. Nanocomputing:”A nanocomputer is a computer whose physical dimensions are microscopic. The field of nanocomputing is part of the emerging field of nanotechnology . Several types of nanocomputers have been suggested or proposed by researchers and futurists.” Nanocomputing, as defined in this report, refers to computing systems which are constructed from nanoscale compo- nents. The issues that need to be faced for successful realization of nanocomputers relate to the scale and integration of the components. nanotechnology and its type: Electronic nanocomputers would operate in a manner similar to the way present-day microcomputers work. Most engineers agree that technology has not yet come close to pushing this limit. By 1970s standards, today's ordinary microprocessors...
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...advancement in Nanotechnology? Although nanotechnology isn’t something you hear about every day, it is often useful to know a bit about it considering one day it could completely take over our lives and change the world as we know it. Nanotechnology refers to a field of research and innovation linked with ‘building things’ on a molecular and atomic scale. A nanometre is equivalent to one billionth of a meter and when we are dealing with such scales, the rules of physics and chemistry no longer apply. In turn, this will allow us to undergo “atomically precise engineering” which could have a positive impact on every one of us. Picture what we could do when we have carbon nanotubes (rolled up sheets or graphite that are 1000 times thinner than air) that are 100 times stronger than steel yet six times lighter. Nanotechnology may seem very futuristic, however it is not something that is new to us. We have already built many machines/materials that use nanoparticles (particles with a range of 1nm to 100nm), some of which include self-cleaning glass, swimming pool disinfectants, scratch resistant coatings and safer yet more effective lithium ion batteries. Now we are looking into using these nanoparticles for more serious issues, for example in curing cancer and developing more effective nuclear weapons. But is this something that we should worry about? Much of nanoscience and many nanotechnologies are concerned with producing new or enhanced materials. The reason most nanotechnology researchers...
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...Nanotechnology Nanotechnology, which is widespread subject, is what is likely to be the driving force of many scientific changes of our earths future. It’s the technology of manipulating matter at the nano scale. Nanotechnology is applied in countless different fields such as science, health care, agriculture, security, computing etc. The ground breaking developments that are made in these various fields due to nanotech is why the world will continue to invest its time and money into the subject matter. “Many experts even predict that Nanotechnology is going to have as significant a place in the field of science and technology as the steam engine had at the time of its invention. Due to the potential it bears most developed and developing countries are making significant investment into nanotechnology research and development where the combined investment from the private and public sector is estimated to be around $12 billion annually.” (Michelson et al, 2008) The revolution of nanotechnology is not only expected to make many products and services friendlier economically, but is also going to allow for the miniaturization of control systems. Diseases will be more simple to cure, and we will have new cures for diseases that we do not yet have cures for. On the contrary with advantages come disadvantages. There are many widespread discussions regarding the negative effects of nanotechnology. Nanotechnology has its benefits but can also be lethal if used improperly...
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...INTRODUCTION With the rapid progress of technology and science, nanotechnology becomes a prominent accomplishment of the humanity. The ability to observe and comprehend the nanomaterial has a beneficial human to extend our knowledge in a variety range of industries and scientific endeavors. Nanotechnology is defined as a structure that conducted the size of one nanometer to one hundred nanometers and it is invisible to the human eye. Nanotechnology allows the scientists to manipulate one particular particles property at a very small size and adapt it in any applications in real life (Understanding Nano, 2016). One of the applications that makes nanotechnology exceedingly successful is the use of nanomaterial in sunscreen Sunscreen provides...
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...Nanotechnology Daniel Aguilera Evelyn Ortiz Sheng Huang Geraldy Jean Louis Week 7 Course Project LAS 432 Technology, Society and Culture Professor Michael Gooch March 28, 2015 1. Introduction 3 2. Description of the technology (Dan) 4 3. Historical development (Dan) 4 4. Political and legal (Sheng) 6 5. Economic Considerations (Sheng) 8 6. Psychological and Sociological effects (Evelyn) 10 7. Cultural and Media Influences (Evelyn) 11 8. Environmental Implications (Geraldy) 12 9. Ethical and Moral Implications (Geraldy) 13 10. References 15 1. Introduction Nanotechnology is an ambiguous term used for a technology that allows for the creation and manipulation of molecular size materials. These materials can be assembled, rearranged and even controlled to offer human interaction in the microscopic world. The intended use of this advanced technological science has a wide range of applications in medical science, material construction, and military application. The minimization allows it to be able to penetrate and manipulate areas that were never possible in the past. It is the next big technology that permeates all areas of science to help advance human problems and obstacles in society. The power in creating robots that can be commanded to manipulate things at the atomic level, such as delivery drugs, eliminating cancer, anti-bacterial clothing, and military weaponry. The advancement of medical...
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...Insert your name Course Professor’s name Date due The Chemistry and Applications of Carbon Allotropes in Industry Introduction Carbon has the ability to create many allotropes because of its valence. This means that carbon has a high rate of combining power with other different atoms when it is in the process of forming chemical compounds or molecules. The most common allotropes are Diamond and Graphite. The different allotropes of carbon tend to shows different properties and have a different application in different fields. Diamond is a common allotrope of carbon that exhibits hardness and has a high ability to disperse light. Diamond is the hardest discovered mineral and industries find it useful in cutting and drilling of other elements. It is also used to manufacture jewelry. Graphite is another common allotrope of carbon. Graphite is formed in a single layer by graphene that consists of carbon atoms and it is arranged in a single plane. Graphite is a good electric conductor. Graphite is known as the most stable form of carbon under the rating of standard conditions. This paper will describe the chemical and physical compounds and their industrial application in different fields. Discussion Allotropy refers to a property of a particular chemical element that exists in more than one different form when it is found in nature. There are different forms of carbon that exists and this paper will discuss the common allotropes and their application in different fields. The...
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...Chapter 14 Review The environmental effects of gold mining can harm the environment in many negative ways. Gold miners removed enough rock to equal the weight of 50 automobiles to extract a little amount of gold. The leftover waste is piled near the mine sites and can pollute the air and nearby surface water. Mining companies also created a new mining technology called cyanide heap leaching to level entire mountains of rock. In order for them to extract the gold, they spray a solution of highly toxic cyanide salts. This cyanide is extremely toxic to birds and mammals drawn to these ponds in search of water and they can leak into the rivers posing as a threat to fish and other life forms. Geology is the science devoted to the study of dynamic processes occurring on the earth’s surface and in its interior. The core is the earth’s innermost zone. The mantle is a thick zone surrounding the core. The crust is the outermost and thinnest zone of the earth. The tectonic plates are various sized areas of the earth’s lithosphere that move slowly around with the mantle’s flowing asthenosphere. The lithosphere is the outer shell of the earth, composed of the crust and the rigid, outermost part of the mantle outside the asthenosphere. A transform vault is an area where the earth’s lithospheric plates move in opposite but parallel directions along a fracture in the lithosphere. Weathering is the physical and chemical processes in which solid rock exposed at earth’s surface is changed to separate...
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...-bio sensors, medical therapies and potential applications in security and environment safety. (Merkle, R.C.1993) INTRODUCTION The intentional or unintentional contamination of the environment, food items and the agricultural products has been increased due to certain local and global threats of poisonous gases and terrorism. This situation makes the decentralized sensing a core issue for several international bodies. A nanotechnology based sensor platform makes the direct electrical detection of biological and chemical agents possible in a highly multiplexed format over a vast dynamic range during clinical testing. Nucleic acid layers can be combined with nanomaterials-based electrochemical which produce affinity biosensors such as the “DNA Biosensor” or “Genosensor”. Such devices are used for converting the hybridization event into an analytical signal for obtaining sequence specific information, which are beneficial for clinical, environmental, or forensic investigations. CURRENT STATUS OF THE FIELD Medical nanotechnology is a branch of nanotechnology which practically applies its principles and findings in the field of health...
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...different types of cancer have been recognized, each of which acquires its name uniquely according to the type of issue the cell originates in. Many cancer victims succumb to cancer not because of the primary tumor, but the systematic effects of metastases on other regions away from the affected site. Therefore many treatment and research aim to prevent the metastatic process at the early period. There are currently many therapies in clinical use, and many advanced technologies that help to achieve better result and nanotechnology is the potential candidate to fight against cancer. Nano-materials such as Carbon-nanotubes (CNTs)1, quantum dot, and dendrimers all have unique properties that can be taken advantage of for diagnosis and treatment of cancer. CNTs have the potential to deliver many types of drug directly to targeted cells and tissues at a much higher efficiency compared to the conventional methods. With the help of many recent discoveries in nanotechnology based materials, determining the toxicity of nanoparticles is also a very important task. Thus, in this review, the experiment aims to explore the biomedical application of carbon-nanotubes with the particular emphasis on the use as oncologic therapeutic agent. Introduction United States holds number 7 in the top ten highest overall cancer rates at 300 per 100,000 of the population. The most common types of cancer among the admitted patients are lung, colon and breast cancer. Base on the mortality rate in 2008, lung...
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... (57) 10. Bibliography (58) NANOPARTICLES IN DRUG TARGETING 1. INTRODUCTION NANOPARTICLES * Nanoparticles are in solid state and are either in amorphous or crystalline They include Nanocapsules and Nanospheres.They are able to adsorb or encapsulate a drug thus protecting it against chemical and enzymatic degradation.Their size ranges from 1-100mn. * Nanocapsules:They are vesicular systems in which drug is confined to a cavity surrounded by a unique polymer membrane. * Nanospheres:They are matrix systems in which a drug is uniformly dispersed. The use of nanotechnology in drug delivery and drug targeting is a rapidly expanding field. The emphasis of this review is on biophysical attributes of...
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...patients who have no treatment at all. Beyond their use as diagnostics and physical tools to destroy cancerous tumors, magnetic nanoparticles are also used as a delivery agent for gene therapy. For example, magnetic nanoparticles have shown to increase the half life of the various biological matter such as DNA and RNA so that it can reach the intended target before the body’s immune response destroys the magnetic gene delivery system. In the future, research will be focused on pharmacokinetics of the nanoparticles, ensuring the nanoparticles can stay in the body for longer periods of time and that the body reacts in a positive manner to the magnetic nanoparticles. Introduction Nanotechnology has been an emerging field recently due to its widespread capabilities. Nanotechnology has been applied in many fields of biomedicine due to its potential in controlling the delivery of drugs, providing greater contrast in magnetic resonance imaging, cell and tissue targeting, and hyperthermia; all of which can be used in cancer therapy (Mulens, del Puerto Morales and...
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...International Business Machines Time Context: 2007 Summary: IBM’s roots date back the 1880s, decades before the development of electronic computers. A merger of three 19th-century companies: the Tabulating Machine Company (with origins in Washington, D.C. in the 1880s), the International Time Recording Company (founded 1900 in Endicott), and the Computing Scale Corporation (founded 1901 in Dayton, Ohio, USA). The merger was engineered by noted financier Charles Flint, creates the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) on June 16, 1911. CTR is the precursor to IBM. Of the companies merged to form CTR, the most technologically significant was the Tabulating Machine Company, founded by Herman Hollerith, and specialized in the development of punched card data processing equipment. The Tabulating Machine Company originally sold some machines to a railway company. In 1911, Hollerith, sold the business to Flint, who then created CTR. When the diversified businesses of CTR proved difficult to manage, Flint turned for help to the former No. 2 executive at the National Cash Register Company, Thomas J. Watson Sr.. Watson became General Manager of CTR in 1914 and President in 1915. On February 14, 1924, the CTR name was formally changed to International Business Machines Corporation, later to be abbreviated IBM. IBM employs almost 400,000 employees called "IBMers" by IBM in over 170 countries, with occupations including scientists, engineers, consultants...
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...crystallization Name: layan shinanah Subject : chemistry Presented to :Ms. Juline Daibes Date : 13,10,2015 Crystallization definition : to change into a solid form that is made up of crystal to cause (something, such as an idea, belief, etc.) to become clear and fully formed. What Happens During a Crystallization : To crystallize an impure, solid compound, add just enough hot solvent to it to completely dissolve it. The flask then contains a hot solution, in which solute molecules - both the desired compound and impurities - move freely among the hot solvent molecules. As the solution cools, the solvent can no longer hold all of the solute molecules, and they begin to leave the solution and form solid crystals. During this cooling, each solute molecule in turn approaches a growing crystal and rests on the crystal surface. If the geometry of the molecule fits that of the crystal, it will be more likely to remain on the crystal than it is to go back into the solution. Therefore, each growing crystal consists of only one type of molecule, the solute. After the solution has come to room temperature, it is carefully set in an ice bath to complete the crystallization process. The chilled solution is then filtered to isolate the pure crystals and the crystals are rinsed with chilled solvent. How To Do a Crystallization : Heat some solvent to boiling (remember to use a boiling chip). Place the solid to be recrystallized in an Erlenmeyer flask. Pour a small amount...
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...NaNotechNology applicatioNs for cleaN Water Micro & NaNo TechNologies series editor: Jeremy ramsden Professor of Nanotechnology Microsystems and Nanotechnology Centre, Department of Materials Cranfield University, United Kingdom the aim of this book series is to disseminate the latest developments in small scale technologies with a particular emphasis on accessible and practical content. these books will appeal to engineers from industry, academia and government sectors. for more information about the book series and new book proposals please contact the publisher, Dr. Nigel hollingworth at nhollingworth@williamandrew.com. http://www.williamandrew.com/MNt NaNotechNology applicatioNs for cleaN Water edited by Nora savage Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency and (in alphabetical order) Mamadou Diallo Materials and process simulation center, Division of chemistry and chemical engineering, california institute of technology Jeremiah Duncan Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison anita street Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency and Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign richard sustich N o r w i c h , N Y, U S A copyright © 2009 by William andrew inc. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying...
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...corporation 1. Read more: http://www.ukessays.com/essays/business/business-environment-of-international-business-machines-corporation-business-essay.php#ixzz2zlzJOVvG Industry Overview and Principal Competitors Because IBM has a large diversified range of product and services, and is present in more than 170 Countries (IBM Form 10-K Annual 2010 Report, 2011) it ́s not easy to analyze the markets where it acts. Although, we can see some main competitors: Hewlett-Packard (HP) and Dell, each of these companies with a different focus area. Dell makes most of its money on PC and server hardware, while HP is more diversified as the leader in PCs and Imaging & Printing as well as offering IT services. Since IBM relies heavily on its Software and Services segment, it mainly competes with HP in the servers and IT services markets and with Dell in the servers and software markets. IBM is the leader in servers, IT services, and software. Also IBM leads HP and Dell in all measures of profitability, largely because IBM is focused on high-margin sectors such as services and software and has gotten out of the thin-margin PC business, in which HP and Del lare still heavily involved. In addition to HP and Dell, IBM also competes with smaller IT consulting firms such as Accenture. However, IBM leads these companies by a large margin in terms of revenue, profitability, and scale as we see on the next table. Finally, we put the data of Microsoft because it can permit us compare IBM...
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