...Television and phones are considered to be the primary technologies which appeared in the life of human beings. New technologies were produces in great amounts. Nonetheless, people used those technologies to simplify the process of fulfilling domestic duties. T. K. Derry et. al. mentioned that “domestic housing, though it followed on the whole traditional forms, made use of new materials and new techniques of mass production” (Derry et. al., 1961, p. 403). With further development of information technologies, many other technologies appeared. The main of them are the following ones: iPhones, iPads, and many others. Technologies have produced a great impact on teenagers: phones, television, Internet, and video games have many advantages and disadvantages; they are able to make people technologically informed, but they produce a negative impact on people’s health simultaneously. The invention of mobile phones has produced a great impact on people all over the world: they simplified the process of communication; they made it possible to keep in touch with people who live abroad; they contributed to the unity of people. However, mobile phones have produced an excessive impact on teenagers. It was previously impossible to keep in touch with friends and relatives who live far away. However, with the appearance of mobile phones it became possible to keep in...
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...Annotated Bibliography Cynthia Beckner South University Online PSY2002: April 30, 2013 Topic 1: Early Childhood: 1). Linda Knight (2009). Dreaming of other spaces: What do we think about when we draw? The Psychology of Education Review, Vol. 33, No. 1, March 2009 The article focuses on the enhancement of the learning process during early childhood development by the engagement of adults with children as they draw, and the interpretations of these drawings. By being engaged with young children as they express themselves on paper, allows the visualization of the child’s “thought” process as they are drawing. Along with the many applications of childhood developmental theories, the interpretation of a young child’s doodling is now perceived through Deleuzians and Guattarians dreaming concepts and Foucauldians heterotopic space concepts (Knight, 2009). Foucault’s concept of heterotopic space suggests that the young drawer visits his own imaginary space while doodling. This is a place where the child is free to imagine, free to choose, and free to express. Deleuzian’s and Guattarian’s concept suggests the child be free to be chaotic and unpredictable. Being able to dream allows the child to disconnect from the work and make his own connections. Examining and interacting with a child and his artwork can give us insight to emotional, cognitive, and physical development to the child. To a small child, scribbling can aid in muscle coordination, emotional release and...
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... Introduction It is undeniable fact that the issue of sin taxes existed long before the last financial crisis that hit the globe in the year 2008. The current global situation faced with challenges of health and financial crises, sin taxes are designed to maximize government expenditures with less loss and to reduce or regulate undesirable behaviors considered harmful to the society. The proposed sin taxes by various governments globally aim products such alcohol beverages, bullets, sugary soft drinks, fatty snacks, and gasoline among other products (Black & Mohamed, 2006). Therefore, this research will analyze in detail the importance of sin taxing to various commodities with the core aims of promoting healthy lifestyles, improving society health outcomes, reducing government expenditure, and enhancing environmental sustainability. The success of this research is highly dependable on the use of varied research articles, journals, and textbooks. Cumulatively, the research will illuminate light on the different benefits associated with the sin taxes. Sin taxes discourages people from adopting unhealthy behaviors (Reiter, 1995). The taxes are designed with the core aim of raising prices of the sinful goods to make people opt for healthier goods. However, this do not happen in accordance with the expectations since increasing the taxes on the sinful good leads to people substituting it with an equally bad good. For instance, studies conducted by Ayyagari, Deb, Fletcher...
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...Research Paper “The Neolithic Revolution” Contents: 1. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………..3 2. Literature review……………………………………………………………………..4 3. Neolithic revolution…………………………………………………………………..6 4. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………….9 5. Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………10 Introduction The most important technological development ever to occur in human history was the domestication of plants (agriculture) and animals (pastoralism). Together these developments are called the Neolithic Revolution. To understand how the Neolithic Revolution occurred it is necessary to understand the economic system it replaced. Until the Neolithic, and in most areas for a long time after, all humans engaged in an economic activity called "hunting and gathering". This system is called "food extraction" as opposed to "food production" by agriculture and pastoralism. This period, which occurred between 12,000 and 8,000 years ago, brought along many profound changes to human society and culture, including the creation of cities and permanent dwellings, labor specialization, the baking of bread, personal property, more complex hierarchical social structures, non-agricultural crafts, slavery, the state, official marriage, personal inheritance, and more. I’ve chosen this topic because we can’t imagine our life, if there were not such a revolution. What would we be without the Neolithic Revolution? I think without the Neolithic...
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...Week Nine Final Assignment Jane Doe HUM/176 February 5, 2009 John Doe Part One As the director of a local television station it would be my duty to report the news that would have the greatest impact on my community and its residents. The death of a celebrity will be news worthy, entertaining, and bring in ratings but would not affect my community like the closing of a city park three days a week would. The primary role of the media is to accurately report on the issues that directly impact its viewers and communities. The death of a celebrity does not have much staying power beyond its entertainment value and furthermore has no direct effect on the community or its residents. There would be a larger impact on the local community by covering the story of the local park closing. Residents and families would be impacted the most by a city park closing and having their opinions and views would be vital to the coverage of the story. City council members would also be interviewed about the budgetary issues and the reasoning for this decision to further inform viewers. The social responsibility of news media is to present unbiased coverage of issues that affect the public; however, these days it seems that there is really no social responsibility of the news media as most stations are for profit businesses owned by larger media corporations. The responsibility it seems these days is to the company’s shareholders. There are so many ways that consumers get their...
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...SOCIALIZATION | | | | INTRODUCTION In society, they expect different attitudes and behaviors from males and females. Socialization is the process whereby individuals learn about the culture of their society (Mustapha, Nasser, 2009); this process occurs from the moment individuals are born and continues throughout adult life. Sex refers to the biological characteristics with which we are born. Gender identity, usually learned in early childhood, refers to one’s perception of him or her as either masculine or feminine. Gender socialization is the tendency for boys and girls to be socialized differently. Boys are raised to conform to the male gender role, and girls are raised to conform to the female gender role. A gender role is a set of behaviors, attitudes, and personality characteristics expected and encouraged of a person based on his or her sex. There are many factors in which male and female socialization are influenced by in...
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...performance. Pay-for-performance The newest trend in reimbursing medical providers is called pay-for-performance (P4P). This valued-based strategy allows a predetermined benchmark to be designated for medical care. If the provider meets or exceeds the standard he or she is paid bonuses for such care. If the provider does not meet the standard payment is reduced accordingly or fines may be put into place. The main focus of this form of payment is to reduce excessive medical costs and to increase quality of care of the patient, especially in preventive and chronic care. As with any new program or idea, pros and cons exist. Benefits to using P4P are that insurance companies and individuals will receive better quality care at reduced costs. Disadvantages of P4P include how costs or savings will be measured, how to determine the incentives or penalties for each level of care as well as how to determine quality of medical care from...
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...11 PUBH100: Assessment 2, ‘Fat Chance’ Introduction The Active8 campaign was first introduced into the small Victorian town of Ararat, as a result of the popular television show, ‘The Bigggest Loser’, appointing it the fattest town in Australia (Holwell, 2014). It is an empowering and educational public health obesity prevention campaign that has been implemented in order to change attitudes surrounding nutrition, participation and exercise (Holwell, 2014). The public health program, Active8, is to be deployed in one Local Government Area (LGA) within NSW. The final two candidates in consideration to receive the obesity prevention program are Bankstown LGA and Hornsby LGA. The health and wellbeing of these LGA’s will be compared by assessing available public health data in order to decide in which LGA the Active8 program will be funded and implemented. Table 1 Estimated rate of overweight and obesity in people aged 18+ (2011-2013) Bankstown LGA Hornsby LGA No. Per 100 No. Per 100 Overweight (but not obese) 42,634 34.9 38,092 35.0 Obese 34,396 28.5 21,216 19.3 Note. Reprinted from “Social Health Atlas of Australia: NSW & ACT,” by PHIDU, Adelaide University, 2015, retrieved from: http://www.adelaide.edu.au/phidu/maps-data/graphs/ As can be seen in Table 1, there is almost no difference between the LGA’s in terms of being overweight, however there is a substantial difference in obesity rates, with Bankstown LGA having 13% higher rates than Hornsby...
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...But, as Douglas Evans points out, not all marketing in the electronic media is confined to the sale of products. Increasingly savvy social marketers have begun to make extensive use of the same techniques and strategies used by commercial marketers to promote healthful behaviors and to counter some of the negative effects of conventional media marketing to children and adolescents. Evans points out that social marketing campaigns have been effective in helping to prevent and control tobacco use, increase physical activity, improve nutrition, and promote condom use, as well as other positive health behaviors. He reviews the evidence from a number of major recent campaigns and programming in the United States and overseas and describes the evaluation and research methods used to determine their effectiveness. He begins his review of the field of social marketing by describing how it uses many of the strategies practiced so successfully in commercial marketing. He notes the recent development of public health brands and the use of branding as a health promotion strategy. He then goes on to show how social marketing can promote healthful behavior, how it can counter media messages about unhealthful behavior, and how it can encourage discussions between parents and children. Evans concludes by noting some potential future applications to promote healthful media use by children and adolescents and to mitigate the effects of exposure to commercial marketing. These include...
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...women have a higher rate of heart disease than any other ethnic group or demographics and subsequently have an increased mortality rate among other nationalities. They are disproportionately outnumbered when it comes to the obesity rate, stroke and diabetes amongst other groups such as the Caucasians and Asian’s. Contributing factors are decreased awareness and knowledge of heart disease, a low self perception regarding risk factors, ongoing behaviors that are not modified such as smoking, alcoholism, eating fried and salty foods and sometimes the inability to get to medical facilities and clinics. With more education about heart disease and an increased perception of risk, people’s minds will become transformed and will be motivated to modify risk factors related to heart disease. Differences in knowledge and comprehension levels are greater amid those that have a higher educational level. Continual health promotions, fairs, seminars and preventative efforts must continue for us to see positive outcomes associated with a desired behavior change. Keywords: African American, heart disease, women, risk factors, education Heart disease among African American Women The death threat of heart disease is greater than that of AIDS and breast cancer collectively. It is the number one killer of women and also the leading cause of death in the U.S. followed by cancer, accident and stroke. Heart disease is an umbrella term for any disease that affects the heart. Not only is it the...
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...Introduction “We are surrounded by food. We're constantly bombarded by it. We're consuming larger portion sizes and more calories than ever before…” (Moore, CDCTV, 2010). This quote aptly encapsulates the area of my interest – obesity. In my research paper I will discuss some of the causes of obesity, its effects and the health concerns related to obesity and finally offer suggestions as to how obesity can be treated or prevented. Obesity can be defined as “having excess body fat” whereas being overweight is defined as “having excess body weight for a particular height from fat, muscle, bone, water, or a combination of these factors” (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010). Obesity is the result of eating too many calories without sufficient physical exercise to offset the intake. Children today are exposed to many deterrents to eating healthy foods. Factors in the environment home, school, social circles, neighborhood and community all contribute, in different ways, to eating unhealthy, often more affordable, supersized foods. It is difficult for children to make healthy choices and be physically active when exposed to many unhealthy options which are easily available to them. Although overeating and lack of activity are the major factors causing obesity, genetics also plays an important role in obesity. In this paper, I will discuss some of these factors including environmental and socioeconomic conditions that affect obesity. In addition, the consequences of...
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...Obesity in America Obesity has risen to epidemic levels in the U.S. It causes devastating and costly health problems, reduces life expectancy, and is associated with stigma and discrimination. A multitude of factors likely contribute to obesity, from inherent biological traits that differ between individuals relevant to body weight; to environmental and socioeconomic factors; to behavioral factors--which may have both molecular and environmental influences. Close to two-thirds of adult Americans are overweight or obese. Despite the attention of the health profession, the media, and the public, and mass educational campaigns about the benefits of healthier diets and increased physical activity, the prevalence of obesity in the United States has more than doubled over the past four decades. Add the relatively few Americans who practice the habit of regular physical activity to the many who practice the habit of “super-sizing,” and it is no revelation why this has occurred. We have inherited our genetic makeup from our ancestors, hunters and gatherers who ate diets rich in low-fat meats and grains, who had to stalk and capture the entrée for dinner. During times of feast, their bodies were designed to store nutrients as adipose tissue to be used for fuel to survive periods of famine. We are descended from these survivors, and we share this ability to store fat when food is in overabundance. However, famines in the United States are fewer and farther between nowadays, so...
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...ªIdeas for IELTS topics Who is this book for? Many students have no ideas or opinions about IETLS writing topics. Even if your grammar is perfect, you will not get a high IELTS score if you do not know what to write. This book is for students who want to go into the writing exam feeling confident that they have excellent ideas, opinions and vocabulary for as many topics as possible How do you get an IELTS score of 7 or higher? The key to a high score is not grammar, it is not your use of words like “moreover” or “in addition”, and it is not your use of phrases like “this is controversial issue nowadays”. To get a high score you need to use good “topic language” (words and phrases that are related to the question topic). You need good ideas in order to answer the question well. How should you prepare for IELTS writing task 2? There is an enormous amount of advice on my website ielts-simon.com. Here is a summary of what I suggest: Spend more time preparing than testing When you test yourself, you find out what your level is, but you do not learn anything new. You will not improve if you only write test essays. Before writing an essay, study the topic and prepare your ideas, opinions and vocabulary. Steal my ideas If you only use the vocabulary that you already know, you will not learn anything new, and you will not improve. Practise linking my topic ideas together to write “perfect essays”. See the website for examples of how to do this. Use this book together with the website ...
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...Ideas for IELTS topics Who is this book for? Many students have no ideas or opinions about IETLS writing topics. Even if your grammar is perfect, you will not get a high IELTS score if you do not know what to write. This book is for students who want to go into the writing exam feeling confident that they have excellent ideas, opinions and vocabulary for as many topics as possible How do you get an IELTS score of 7 or higher? The key to a high score is not grammar, it is not your use of words like “moreover” or “in addition”, and it is not your use of phrases like “this is controversial issue nowadays”. To get a high score you need to use good “topic language” (words and phrases that are related to the question topic). You need good ideas in order to answer the question well. How should you prepare for IELTS writing task 2? There is an enormous amount of advice on my website ielts-simon.com. Here is a summary of what I suggest: - Spend more time preparing than testing When you test yourself, you find out what your level is, but you do not learn anything new. You will not improve if you only write test essays. Before writing an essay, study the topic and prepare your ideas, opinions and vocabulary. - Steal my ideas If you only use the vocabulary that you already know, you will not learn anything new, and you will not improve. Practise linking my topic ideas together to write “perfect essays”. See the website for examples of how to do this. - Use...
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...financially. They tend to divide their budget from their pension to help their relatives. Presently, globalization and modernization have tremendous impact on the family system. The exodus of working age adults to jobs abroad has established a pattern of the older persons assuming surrogate parental ones. To them is entrusted the responsibility of providing parental care over their grandchildren whose parents have left for more lucrative jobs overseas. This poses undue strain on the psychological and financial capacities of older persons. On the other hand, giver, the limited income of families, it is the needs of the elderly that are sacrificed over the needs of the younger children. This puts the situation of the elderly at a disadvantage. Instead of having their rest after retirement in work, most elders are still entrusted to give financial support to their family. Aging like...
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