...Signed by President Bill Clinton, NAFTA had a goal to “[sweep] away export tariffs in several industries: agriculture [being] a main focus, [as well as] tariffs [being] reduced on items like textiles and automobiles” (Teslik, Lee Hudson). The primary goal of NAFTA is to ease restrictions on commerce between the three countries, in attempts to increase cross-border trade. The initial purposes are outlined specifically within the pages of agreement. Its original goals, along side with easing trade restrictions, include increasing investment opportunities for each country and their citizens. Each nation’s government desires to allow, for citizens of their own countries, the opportunity to invest and participate in the other North American economies. Another preliminary goal is the promotion of fair competition between the three nations. Endorsement of fair trade is enabled through the introduction of more structured laws, which all participating governments are to follow (Teslik, Lee Hudson). No longer do nations of NAFTA have to worry about ‘hidden costs.’ Precise guidelines and regulations were enacted to ensure fair-trading. Lastly, a primary...
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...Regional Integration Ashleigh Addis MGT/448 April 10, 2013 Christy Vasconcellos Introduction Regional integration is achieved when two or more nation states enter into a regional agreement usually for economic or political purposes. The primary objective for regional integration is to help nations to overcome any trading hurdles or political problems that could potentially arise. These problems could be linked to the countries government, economy, and geographic layout. There are many different countries that have made some type of an agreement with another country. In North America, regional integration among America, Canada, and Mexico has had both advantages and disadvantages. The NAFTA, which was first established in 1992 but did not become officially until 94, has become an important part of all three countries. Although all three countries have benefited from the NAFTA, this paper will cover the advantages and disadvantages it has had on Mexico. Advantages of the NAFTA It is safe to say that for the most part the NAFTA has been primarily a blessing for Mexico. A huge advantage for Mexico is the boost it has had on them economically. NAFTA decreased tariffs; essentially meaning that the exports and imports from Mexico increased due to the lower taxes. The NAFTA created many jobs for the people of Mexico. With the increase of jobs, came an increase in wages. The NAFTA is the largest free trade and creates more than $17 trillion in goods and services produced by...
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...Introduction Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) have proved to be one of the best ways to open up foreign markets to U.S. exporters. Trade Agreements reduce barriers to U.S. exports, and protect U.S. interests and enhance the rule of law in the FTA partner country. The reduction of trade barriers and the creation of a more stable and transparent trading and investment environment make it easier and cheaper for U.S. companies to export their products and services to trading partner markets. Agreement | Countries | Enters into force | Advantages | Disadvantages | NAFTA | Mexico, Canada and United States of America | January 1st of 1989 | Market Access for Goods, Protection for Foreign Investment, Protection for Intellectual Property, Easier Access for Business Travelers, Access to Government Procurement. | U.S. Jobs Were Lost,U.S. Wages Were Suppressed,Mexico's Farmers Were Put Out of Business,Maquiladora Workers Were Exploited,Mexico's Environment Deteriorated | FTA Nicaragua | Mexico and Nicaragua | July 1st of 1998 | Provisions on national treatment and market access for goods andservices; rules of origin; agriculture; sanitary and phytosanitary measures; telecommunications;financial services; | The FTA does not include a chapter on competition policy, energy, environment, labor, or transportation. | FTA Costa Rica | Mexico and Costa Rica | January 1st of 1995 | Provisions on national treatment and market access for goods, the agreementcontains provisions on agriculture...
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...of 27/28 member states that are located primarily in Europe. How would you characterize the chinese economy today? * Improving by using advance technology * Product development as in imitating other products * Expanding business through the world as in building business in other country * Successful economy due to overtake US * Offers big opportunities for foreign investment What is the purpose of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)? Do you think it has been effective? Why or why not? NAFTA purpose was to bring faster growth, more jobs, better working conditions, and a cleaner environment for all as a result of increased exports and trade. It is secondary purpose was to make these countries more competitive in the global marketplace. Advantages It has been effective due to the result shown that it has been eagerly successful in achieving it. Now it was the largest free trade agreement in the world. * U.S. exports increased * U.S. farm exports benefited from lower Mexican tariffs * U.S. was a beneficiary of low-cost imports from Canada and Mexico * Reduce gas and food prices by removing tariffs on Mexican oil imports Effective but creates disadvantages * But there is also some criticize because the success has come with a cost. * NAFTA destroy jobs in American and lowering U.S. wages * Destroy Mexico’s farms and polluting its environment * Increase U.S trade...
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...has flourished. The growing number of megacities could also be due to the increase in urbanisation. In 2007 more than 3.2 billion people (more than half of the world’s population) lived in towns and cities, and in MEDC’s around 90% of the country’s population were living in urban areas. The increase of urbanisation is in many cases due to the job opportunities found in cities. The rate of urbanisation is increasing more each year meaning now the proportion of super cities (population of over 5 million people) has also increased greatly. These super cities are now dominating countries in terms of their size, location, production and investments. Although megacities and super cities can be good news for a countries economy there are a number of disadvantages that can also come along with their size in the form of poor sanitation, a...
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...businesses. The lower cost of outsourcing to China has helped many companies obtain a competitive advantage. More companies are now looking to outsource in other countries. Another county that is getting a lot of attention is Mexico. There are advantages and disadvantages to both China and Mexico. There are many advantages to outsourcing in China. The first advantage is experience, China has been used my many companies for an extended amount of time so they already have standards in place. Another advantage is China has extreme inexpensive labor. The employees in China are also educated and learn fast and work very hard. “Through-put is clearly better in China than in Mexico. Attendance, punctuality, and productivity bonuses are not needed” (Amter, 2011). Many retailers are also now growing “less dependent on brand names in part because they, and their suppliers, demand and receive good value from Chinese suppliers” (Advantages of Outsourcing in China, n.d.). There are also disadvantages to outsourcing in China. China is a communist government and is very prone to piracy and counterfeiting. There is a lot of internet hacking that is a cause of concern when outsourcing to China. China is also a growing economy because of the outsourcing and we all know with growth comes the demand for higher wages and better benefits. This, of course, contradicts the entire point of outsourcing to China. China does not border the United States and “goods can take 45 days on average...
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...Mexico Overall, Mexico is the second largest economy in Latin America after Brazil and is also an oil-exporting nation. Mexico realized that trade is one of the most important factor that driven Mexico economy, this country started free trade in a early time and continue participates lots of free trade agreements for decades. Based on the data that I have downloaded from work bank(2017), GDP per capita are: 7236.6 in 1990, 7277.6 in 1995, 8568.1 in 2000, 8706.1 in 2005 and 8861.5 in 2010. From that, we can see that economy develop in Mexico is increasing but modest in general. Since 1994, Mexico participated NAFTA and thought that agreement would boost Mexico’s growth and economy development. However, the economy performance was not going...
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...neighbors. This paper discusses the nature and significance of the trucking dispute between Mexico and the United States. Keywords: Transportation, trucking, NAFTA JEL classification: A10, F13, F23 ______________________________________________________________________________ 1. Introduction The economic ties between Mexico and the United States are of importance to policymakers because Mexico borders the United States and because of the significant economic links connecting the two countries. It is also of strategic importance for the United States to have a prosperous, democratic, and friendly Mexico as a neighbor. Mexico is the United States’ third largest trading partner, after Canada and China, while the United States is Mexico’s largest trading partner. Trucks carry about 80 percent of the cargo, by value, from the United States to Mexico, and vice versa. The United States and Mexico have had substantial economic...
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...satisfies ever member country. Pros and Cons for NAFTA Advantages The main purpose for NAFTA is to create a larger and more efficient base for the entire North American region. The first advantage for the members of NAFTA was to reduce the tariffs that had been imposed in all their products. The cost of the products is also controlled in member nations of NAFTA since the import cost are not inflated by taxes. Lastly, the benefit is mutual for US and Canada to move production to Mexico. The cost of labor in Mexico is much lower than in either the US or Canada. Moving production there would benefit Mexico by employing low skilled and labor-intensive workers. Mexico would benefit from the inward investment and employment. Disadvantages The disadvantage of NAFTA is also related to labor moving to Mexico. People that oppose NAFTA argue that moving jobs to Mexico is not a good...
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...residents who follow the Twitter feed said the numbers appeared to be the highest recorded since the embassy began its monitoring system in 2008. The level of toxicity in the air was “Beyond Index,” the terminology for levels above 500. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, levels between 301 and 500 are “Hazardous,” meaning people should avoid all outdoor activity. The World Health Organization has standards that judge a score above 500 to be more than 20 times the level of particulate matter in the air deemed safe. What caused the extreme pulse of smog? Why does the emission of greenhouse gases keeps increasing in China? Is it because of the Chinese government? Many people believe that the government only cares about the economy with the cost of environment and energy. Or maybe some other reasons: natural resources, technology, expertise, etc. It is important to know this because we can never accomplish the goal of reducing the emission of greenhouse gases globally without the participation of China. China plays a very important role in the global warming. Air around the world can circulate. If the problem in China remains unsolved, global warming will never stop....
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...SUBJECT: MANAGING IN THE ECONOMY SUBJECT CODE: MGT6233 NAME : GIRISH S/O GOPAL 810602 -01 – 6275 I/C : STUDENT ID : 01130024 LECTURER : MS.SANDRAKALA 2 Executive summary Free trade refers to trade between countries without tariff and non-tariff barriers on exports and imports. In another word, free trade refers to trade without government interference. Classical economists such as Adam Smith and David Ricardo have advocated that free trade improves the economic well being of a country by increasing the production of a country and allowing efficient allocation of resources, thus increasing global production and promoting peaceful and prosperous global environment. In the global basis, World Trade Organization formed after GATT in 1995 promotes trade liberalization through multilateral negotiation. On the other hand, in the regional basis, countries are forming regional economic integration to promote free trade stage by stage. The initial stage is known as Free trade areas (FTAs) under which they agree to remove tariffs and non-tariff limitations on trade in products between themselves. Despite all these initiates, governments around the world are still imposing various restriction on trade between countries to protect its own industries such as agriculture which is considered as the backbone of a country. Therefore, this report will discuss the concept of free trade, trade theories and the advantages and disadvantages of Free Trade for consumer...
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...liberation in some products, among others. Since the end of World War I, the United States has remained as the world’s most powerful nation state, with a population of 318,892,103, the head of state Barack Obama has been able to lead his country into an economic growth in the past years. Low inflation and unemployment, rapid advances in technology and a steady economic growth is what has characterized the US in the past years. This country which its capital city is Washington, D.C. is strategically located in North America bordering both the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean, between Canada and Mexico, allowing it to be close to many developing economies, where the U.S. can take advantage of a low cost human labor. According to the CIA, this country has one of the largest and powerful technology economies in the whole world, with a GDP per capita of $49,800. The private sector and individuals are the ones that make the decisions, and the government buys out from them whatever is needed. The U.S. has a greater flexibility when it comes to capital expanding, innovation, etc. than other countries. When it comes to the way that U.S. citizens live on a daily basis and the ease of doing business, they have all type of climates all over the country and people tend to be very liberal, open minded and with a high quality of life. On the other side, according to The International Bank for...
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...g A changing life for Mexicans The last two decades have been crucial for Mexico internationally speaking in everything from diplomatic relations to environmental issues. Keeping this in mind the participation of Mexico in forums like G-20 is of great significance for the improvement of its status. It is very important for any country to have a good image to better attract potential investments. Matters like its appearance internationally, education, technology culture, health, and environment have already improved but still have some points that can be enhanced to reach levels that other countries hold. Mexico has been greatly benefited in the expansion of diplomatic relations, which had already existed but had never been fortified. In the past few years its relation with several economic blocs such as the European Union, South America and Asia has permitted the expansion of its vision, which has for very long been narrowed to United States of America. Everyday life can take great advantage of this from new opportunities that can vary from new job offers to the possibility of learning, working, and getting experience in other countries. Acquiring information from the source that has the highest levels; example learning about technology, everything from how to produce it to how to obtain the most benefits from it in Japan is of course very valuable. As far as technological advance Mexico is still lacking in every aspect although the there have been several advances, such as...
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...YUM! BRANDS, PIZZA HUT, AND KFC Teaching Note Overview This case describes the evolution of the global fast-food industry and Yum! Brands, Inc.’s development of the Pizza Hut and KFC franchises worldwide. It focuses on international business risk assessment and develops a model of country evaluation that students can use to analyze international business and market entry decisions in a variety of industries, regions, and countries. Teaching Objectives 1. Develop skills in industry analysis 2. Develop skills in global industry analysis. 3. Develop knowledge of franchising and the costs and benefits of expanding globally using franchises versus company-owned stores. 4. Develop skills in international business risk analysis. 5. Develop skills in country portfolio evaluation and assessment. Suggestions for Using the Case This case has been used successfully in undergraduate, MBA, and Executive MBA classes in strategic management, marketing management, and international business. It can be used in undergraduate courses to develop student skills in industry structure analysis, strategy analysis, and international business risk assessment. The teaching note is designed to give students practice in each of these three areas. Instructors may choose to use the case to discuss only one of these three areas during a single class period or to cover all three areas over two class periods. The case can be also...
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...ISSUES AND CHALLENGES José G. Vargas-Hernández, M.B.A;Ph.D. Profesor Investigador miembro del Sistema Nacional de Investigadores Departamento de Mercadotecnia y Negocios Internacionales Centro Universitario de Ciencias Económico Administrativas Universidad de Guadalajara. Periférico Norte 799 Edificio G-306 Zapopan, Jalisco C.P. 45100; México Tel y fax: +52(33) 3770 3343 Ext 5097 josevargas@cucea.udg.mx,jgvh0811@yahoo.com,jvargas2006@gmail.com Mohammad Reza Noruzi, EMBA, PhD Candidate Policy Making in Public Sector Islamic Azad University, Bonab Branch, Iran Young Researchers Club Member, IAU Bonab, Iran Tell: +98- 412-7238893-5 mr.noruzi@modares.ac.ir mr_norouzi@pnu.ac.ir mr.noruzi.pnu@gmail.com Abstract The opening of the Mexican economy and globalization bring new opportunities for Mexican companies to expand their markets and get their products around the world. The internationalization process requires a sound strategy for the consolidation in foreign markets. The aim of this study is to analyze the different internationalization strategies followed by three Mexican companies with a global presence: Grupo Modelo, Grupo Bimbo and Cemex. We conclude that the differences in their strategies arise from the characteristics of each of these companies. Keywords: Mexican companies, strategy, expansion, internationalization. 1 INTRODUCTION The landscape of this century requires companies to be increasingly competitive, and that not only have to compete with domestic rivals...
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