...acts were intended to cause them harm. Thus, Canada Human Right Act distinguishes between two broad types of racial discrimination. Disparate treatment occurs when individuals are deliberately treated differently because of their race. Examples include offering ethnic minorities lower starting salaries, posing different interview questions to White and ethnic minority applicants, or refusing to hire applicants of color. Disparate impact, also referred to as adverse impact, occurs when facially neutral workplace practices have an unnecessary and negative effect on members of a protected class (e.g., people of color), thereby limiting the opportunities of that group. Race-related examples of disparate impact can include a wide array of activities, including recruitment and hiring practices or unnecessary requirements for one’s appearance...
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...The lack education will make finding a stable and well-paying job harder .This then will increase the unemployment rate within the aboriginal community’s. Moreover, many aboriginal people will become finically unstable making it impossible to support themselves or their families. Aboriginal peoples in their day to day life faced discrimination throughout Canada. Duncan Campbell Scott, Minister of Indian Affairs stated “I want to get rid of the Indian problem. Our objection is to continue until there is not a single Indian in Canada…many Canadians shared this belief.” (Quinlan etal 68). Aboriginal peoples for years had to endure racist attitudes towards their culture, customs and heritage within the Canada’s society. This negative and repetitive attitude throughout Canada will force aboriginal people to alienate themselves from a society that doesn’t accept them. The sense of not belonging anywhere increases the risk of self-destructive behaviours and suicide to develop within the community. The number of Aboriginal peoples will therefore begin to decrease, leaving their cultures, customs and heritage to slowly disappear as...
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...started practicing law in a court of Ontario a couple of decades ago, there was no toilet for women in the court premises! History shows that women were subject to discrimination from the very beginning of the civilization. In the ancient times, women were treated just as a tool. Nobody even thought about their rights or opinions. In terms of age, almost close to the discrimination against women is slavery. Ancient civilizations were developed on the basis of hard work of the slaves. Slaves were treated like no better than animals or machines. Slavery is nothing but a form of discrimination based on races. According to Oxford dictionary, discrimination is the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex. Canadian Human Rights Act defines discrimination as an action or a decision that treats a person or a group negatively for as much as 11 reasons namely, race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, family status, disability, and a conviction for which a pardon has been granted or a record suspended. These reasons are known as grounds of discrimination. Example in hiring process In the recruitment and selection processes of the workplaces, there exists two types of discriminations - direct and indirect. For example, a qualified female job applicant might be rejected and a less qualified male candidate might be selected because the employer...
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...Introduction Canada boasts about being a multi-cultural mosaic, a land of opportunity, with a vision to build “a stronger Canada – a safe and secure country with a shared bond of citizenship and values; a country that continues to support our humanitarian tradition and draws the best from the world to help build a nation that is economically, socially and culturally prosperous” (Government of Canada, 2011). Yet a look at the income statistics for Canadian immigrants makes one wonder whom is prospering economically. Are Canadian immigrants given equal economic opportunity when they arrive here, or are they subject to economic inequality? To answer this question, one can first look at earnings statistics and reports from Statistics Canada. This information can provide basic earnings information on immigrants, which will show how much Canadian immigrants earn in comparison to their native Canadian counterparts. A few drawbacks of using this information are that the statistics haven’t been updated since 2006, so the numbers may not be completely accurate, and numbers alone do not tell the whole story. As such, peer reviewed research articles and papers on the subject of economic inequality in Canadian immigrants can be used. These articles and papers provide both qualitative and quantitative information that paints a clearer picture of the situation. However, many of these papers are usually biased towards writer’s point-of-view, so there may be a lack of complete information...
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...During the 1930s, Canada was impacted in a way unlike any other. This was known as The Great Depression; the economic downfall in Canada’s time. Dramatic rises in unemployment, debt, poverty, starvation, disease and death shook the nation. In response, government and business created barriers such as welfare and retirement pensions to help protect against similar consequences should any downturn occur again. Despite the benefits that developed after the Depression, many factors and events outweighed its positivity. The Great Depression resulted in negative consequences for Canada as it revealed discrimination in society, many had their rights and freedoms taken away and countless people experienced both physical and mental hardships during...
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...In 1985, Canada implemented the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Under Section 15 of the Charter, all Canadians regardless of their (1)“race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, sex, age or mental or physical disability” were officially given the right to be protected by the law, and benefit from the law without discrimination. The Charter of Rights and Freedoms (2)“reflect the fondest dreams, the highest hopes and the finest aspirations of Canadian Society” and although “Sexual Orientation” is not recorded under the sections protected from discrimination, it was deemed by the Supreme Court of Canada in the Egan v. Canada, 1995 case to be an equivalent ground to make claims of discrimination; Gay men and women are all equal in rights and dignity and should have protection of those rights. The Vriend v. Alberta case was monumental in that it was not only a conflict to Alberta’s Individual’s Rights Protection Act, but the rights of all homosexuals in Canada based on the Charter Section 15 (1). It was an igniter against the Province of Alberta, the Government of Canada, as well as conservative religious groups. It was a conflict of religious rights versus human rights and which aspect of humanity is of greater importance to Canadian society as a whole. The road to equality has been a long and hard road for all homosexuals, working towards this right the Vriend case was a small stepping stone on this long journey. Vriend demonstrated to society, that as...
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...The purpose of the Employment Equity Act was created to ensure that there are equal opportunities for individuals living in Canada. The Employment Equity Act mainly targets four groups of individuals which include; women, aboriginal peoples, people with disabilities, and visible minorities. The Employment Equity Act serves an important role in the workforce as it seeks out discrimination and removes it effectively. When the Employment Equity Act is enforced correctly the act will ensure that individuals in the workforce have equal access to job opportunities as well as equal treatment in the workplace. Many individuals believe that employers are not very likely to battle situations of discrimination while going through the hiring process, as well as properly implementing the act in a particular workforce. Therefore the complexity of the Employment Equity Act is fair, however it is not necessary to have the act implemented in various Canadian workplaces. The Employment Equity Act was first introduced to Canada in 1986, and was later updated in 1995. “The Act stated in the legislation: The purpose of this Act is to achieve equality in the workplace so that no person shall be denied employment opportunities or benefits for reasons unrelated to ability and, in the fulfillment of that goal, to correct the conditions of disadvantage in employment experienced by women, aboriginal peoples, persons with disabilities and members of visible minorities by giving effect to the principle...
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...million of refugees (Usdod, Shenon, Philip 1995). The luckier refugees were taken by countries such as Canada. Some escapees spend 12 months in camp, some of them even years. There were many camps, for example, in Thailand and in Hong Kong. The Canadian government helps the Vietnamese refugees by giving them a home, food, healthcare, and education. However, the Vietnamese refugees faced many hardships in Canada such as language, discrimination, and lack of financial support (CBC,Refuge for the unwanted). The most effective factor that affected Vietnamees refugee adaption in Canada was learning a new language (Dwok B. Chan and Doreen Marie Indra, 1987). Many refugees could not speak a word of English or French, and understand even basic words such as washroom, phone, and post office. However, they needed to obtain speaking skills because they had to look for job, house, and a school for their children (CBC-Welcome to Canada: Vietnamese refugees arrive). However, Canadian sponsorship programs for Vietnamese refugee were helpful (Dwok B. Chan and Doreen Marie Indra, 1987). There was multiple courses help refugee to adjust in a new country: Canadian culture course, opening bank account course, language learning course in English and French, and Canadian postal system. There were also emotional support and advice was provided by privately sponsor. In spite of the fact that Canada is...
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...specifically, the issue of homosexuality reached its apex in Canada in the post-Confederation era from the 1900s to the 1960s. Throughout those decades, the federal government of Canada placed a huge emphasis on the then entrenched “typical family structure,” consisting of the male breadwinner, the stay-at-home wife, and around two or three children (even more during the post-WWII decades). That being said, homosexuals were viewed as a threat to the heterosexual family structure, which was the fundamental social fabric at the time. It can be argued that the major factor leading to the quest for the decriminalization of homosexuality in Canada was the case of Everett George Klippert in the 1960s. For many federal government politicians at the time, such as Justice Minister Pierre Trudeau (Prime Minister from 1968-1979), Klippert’s case brought to light the imprecision of the laws and legal concepts concerning homosexuals and, by extension, homosexuality as a whole. In the following paragraphs, this essay will first provide a general context of how homosexuals were treated and/or perceived in the first half of the 20th century. Subsequently, an in depth examination of the Wolfenden Report’s view of morality and criminality, concerning homosexuality, being two mutually exclusive concepts, as well as legal concepts of “gross indecency” and “the dangerous sexual offender,” prior to the decriminalization of homosexuality in Canada in 1969, and the laws, amendments, and reforms established...
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...Racial issues of Canada After World War II the idea of multiculturalism is changed, the demographics, ideology and persistent lobbying has done a significance increase in racism. A new revolutionary perspective against Nazism, anthropology and dissolution of European empires had transformed the ides and concept of race which fundamentally changes the shape of Canadian diversity and pluralism. Many people believed that new changes seems to be reinvent white domination, individualist and liberal are more likely to be concerned in this process. According to them the concept of racism on the basis of color was categorically denied, they think that color has nothing to do with it. This will diminish the actual significance the attribute of visible minorities. Theses minorities were encouraged towards the acceptance of the beliefs and values of the leading majority. Civil rights started a movement In Canada to disappear the factor of race, as it is creating a affecting the positions of the citizens. It minimized the importance of sub groups and social relation was left unmediated, this movement leads prompt the efforts towards the norms and values of the bigger society in the explicit and clearest ways. In Canada, many steps have been taken since twenty five years to remedy the racism. The majority in Canada first extent the Asian franchise, this reduces the racial barrier to immigration and leads to the proposal of aboriginal people assimilation in 1969. This action showed that...
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...Canada is perceived by other nations as a peace-loving and good-natured nation that values the rights of the individual above all else. This commonly held belief is a perception that has only come around as of late, and upon digging through Canadian history it quickly becomes obvious that this is not the truth. Canadian history is polluted with frequent events upon which the idea that Canada is a role model for Human Rights shows to be false. An extreme example of this disregard for Human Rights takes place at the beginning of the twentieth-century, which is the excessive prejudice and preconceived ideas that were held as truths against immigrants attempting to enter Canada. Another prime example of these prejudices and improper Human Rights is the imprisonment of those of Japanese descent or origin during the Second World War. The main advantages of the human rights legislation are: * Stops the employer from coming after you once a complaint has been filed * Protects against loosing income due to discrimination * A Human rights commission is appointed to those who cannot afford a lawyer to defend them * The Board of Inquiry can award a wider range of damages and remedies than a judge in a civil suit could. Some of the disadvantages are: * Typically, if the commission takes over the case, they agree upon a settlement which the victim may not like. * It takes time and gets complicated once handed over to the commission * Human rights law in...
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...greater awareness in the struggle of gender equality and female identification. Feminism looks at how the social, economic and political structures affect and shape women at the individual level. Accordingly, feminist theories analyze the relationship between gender differences, gender inequality and oppression. The idea of ‘waves’ in Canadian Feminist movements have been both diverse and dynamic in the act of coalition to obtain specific goals and broader changes in society. At the beginning of the 20th century, industrialization and nation-building came attached with a gender ideology that prescribed the public/private division between male and females. In modern-day Canada, issues concerning equal rights in the public and private sphere of women have become more relevant to the female community. In contemporary Canada, the discussion of sex work and the ‘entertainment industry’ is a controversial subject to many women. The traditional view is expressed to view these workers as individuals who have chosen this path as ‘immoral criminals’ or ‘victims’ of aggression. There is not much sympathy for these women as they are degraded to be invisible within Canadian society. Given the blind eye, these sexual deviants have historically served as an representation to regulate women of the public sphere. However, it is necessary to make distinctions of the ‘hierarchy’ within Canada’s contemporary sex industry- from street sex workers to high-end escorts or strippers. In addition to the...
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...During the 1970s, there were social, political, and economic events and issues that challenged Canadians. Throughout the 70s, some of the social issues were racism, gender discrimination, and language rights. A few of the political issues were immigration, refugees seeking asylum in Canada, and the challenge of humanitarianism of Canadians. Economically, Canada faced the most problems here; “oil price shock”, “supply shocks”, stagflation, and inflation. Throughout the 1970s, Canadians were changing Canada’s society to become more equal in the context of racism, gender discrimination, and language rights. Pierre Elliott Trudeau was trying to build Canadian society to a “just” society where it is multicultural and everyone would live in harmony. Throughout the 1970s federal government implanted new social programs and expanded the old ones. In the 1960s women's rights activists demanded the establishment of the Royal Commission on the status of women. In December of 1970 that document included new recommendations such as; providing daycare services for working women, prohibiting gender discrimination bias or marital status, unemployment benefits to working women on maternity leave, and wages established based on skills and responsibility rather than gender. The Women's movement was a defining moment for Canada’s society in the 1970s. Canadian women all agreed on the basic need to improve the situation of women; to fight racism and sexism. Women demanded affirmative action in...
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...LEGAL EMPHASIS: COMPLIANCE AND IMPACT ON CANADIAN WORKPLACES LEARNING OUTCOMES 1. EXPLAIN how employment-related issues are governed in Canada. 2. DISCUSS at least five prohibited grounds for discrimination under human rights legislation and DESCRIBE the requirements for reasonable accommodation. 3. DESCRIBE behaviour that could constitute harassment 4. EXPLAIN the employers’ responsibilities regarding harassment. 5. DESCRIBE the role of minimums established in employment standards legislation and the enforcement process. 6. DISCUSS HR’s role in ensuring compliance with employment legislation in Canada. REQUIRED PROFESSIONAL CAPABILITIES ❖ Identifies and masters legislation and jurisprudence relevant to HR functions ❖ Ensures that the organization’s HR policies and practices align with human rights legislation ❖ Promotes a productive culture in the organization that values diversity, trust, and respect for individuals and their contributions ❖ Assesses requests for HR information in light of corporate policy, freedom of information legislation, evidentiary privileges, and contractual or other releases ❖ Contributes to the development of information security measures issues CHAPTER SUMMARY This chapter focuses on the legal environment in Canada. It discusses the multiple overlapping pieces of legislation that attempt to balance employee and employer rights when it comes to human rights and freedoms...
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...SL History Internal Assessment Japanese-Canadian Internment Camps To What Extent did the Pearl Harbor Attacks affect Political Discrimination Against People of Japanese Descent in Canada? Mihir Thakkar Candidate Number: 000881-0043 May 2014 Word Count: 1,703 A. Plan of Investigation This investigation will measure to extent to which the Pearl Harbor attacks affected the political discrimination against people of Japanese descent in Canada, including the internment of Japanese-Canadians during World War II. This investigation will be carried out through analysis of various documents about the Japanese-Canadian internment. A variety of sources will be used, from books by victims of the internment to scholarly sources about the war between Canada and Japan. Two of the documents will then be thoroughly assessed, which will provide evidence to properly and reasonably answer the question. This date range of this study is from 1887 until the official government redress, which took place in the 1970s. The question will be answered through factual evidence of the internment, as well as narrative evidence describing other forms of political discrimination. B. Summary of Evidence Racism before Pearl Harbor • • Manzo Nagano, the first immigrant from Japan moved to Canada in 1877.1 In the 1920s, the Canadian Government limited the number of fishing licenses allowed for Japanese citizens.2 • In the Great Depression, the government of British Columbia denied logging...
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