...Indigenous Cultures of Indonesia Today Erlangga Rajendra Geography 1500 Dr. Moshe Rapaport Indigenous Cultures of Indonesia Today The Republic of Indonesia is the world's fourth most populous nation, with a population of 203 million people living on around a thousand permanently occupied islands. The population is constituted by some 200-300 ethnic groups each speaking their own language and dialects. The Indonesian national culture is multicultural and is anchored on the older societies and interethnic relations. The national culture was developed by those who fought the Dutch colonialists in the 21st century. During this period, there were cultural stresses that the colonialists like the Dutch, the Portuguese and others brought to the indigenous people. The national culture is built having its, historical roots, institutions, values, beliefs and customs that were shared by many of the indigenous people. It is still being improved in the 21st century making it undergo certain stresses. This paper seeks to analyze to what extent corporate interest can be held responsible for the disappearance of native cultures (Countries and Their Cultures , 2012). The extent to which corporate interest can be held responsible is a dilemma that needs to assess the risks and benefits to a community. The basic principle of universality, equality and non-discrimination entitles the indigenous people to full range of rights that constitute the international law. Office of the High Commissioner...
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...labours in Asia and women carry out 90% of them. Unfortunately, only a small section is protected by general labour laws. Furthermore, United Nations Population Fund (UNPF) (2006) said that Asia is a big source of “international migrants” who are employed as domestic, where more industrialized countries such as Hong Kong, Malaysia and India import or accept DWs from developing Asian nations like Combodia, Indonesia and the Philippines (Smales, 2010; UNPF, 2006). In Cambodia, as stated by the Cambodian Legal Education Center (CLEC) (2014) and the Cambodia Domestic Worker Network (CDWN), it is the 67th most populous country in the world with a population of 15, 408, 2700 as of 2014 (www.worldpopulationreview.com) and up until now they are still not experiencing protection by the law. Poverty and insufficient generation of income are the main reasons in entering domestic work. Many domestic workers choose the job that they will perform compared to other types of employment. In Cambodia, domestic work is not considered as real “work”, instead it is a form of servitude. Domestic workers do not have labour...
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...religion and spirituality in the workplace, it is clear that there are advantages and disadvantages. Positive aspects of integrating religion or spirituality into the workplace may include improved worker performance and better relationships between management and employees. There are disadvantages as well, such as discrimination, and resistance to religious culture, which can reduce productivity and may lead to legal issues. Law and Regulation The most common way a company integrates religious views into their work place would depend if the company were public or privately held. For example, if the CEO of a private organization was Christian there might be rules for allowing extra prayer time at the work. Under federal law, regarding religious expression in private work areas, “Employees should be permitted to engage in private religious expression in personal work areas not regularly open to the public”(Earp, 2008). Publicly held organizations must allow for prayer during the day and if the other employees are atheist or another religion they must be respectful. As long as work is being completed during work hours all religious practice is acceptable. Under federal law, “religious expression directed at fellow employees is permitted to engage in religious expression directed at fellow employees, and may even attempt to persuade fellow employees of the correctness of their religious views”(Earp, 2013). Employees must stop such religious expression when a fellow employee asks that...
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...approximate population of 1.5 million people, consist of three townships Buthidaung, Maungdaw and Rathedaung (Petcharamesree & Chickera, 2015b ). Moreover, Gutman （1976） stated that these people have cultural, historical and linguistic affiliations with Rakhine state’s population, also with the Chittagonian people who are the ones in the borders in Bangladesh. For this reason, Rohingyas are Muslim as opposed to the majority in Myanmar who are Buddhists. Hundreds of thousands of Rohingya have fled the majorbuddhist country Myanmar in the interest of searching for security safety and prosperity conditions in several countries such as Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand. However, these countries are not really welcoming them due to the enormous domestic problems that they have already faced. While some people have a perspective that the Rohingya issue is Myanmar’s responsibility, in contrast, some people have different viewpoints. From my point of...
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...The lesbian, gay, bisxual and transgender (LGBT) community has been the hot topic of conversation for years. Being a part of the community or even supporting the community opens you to discrimination and ridicule. Being outcasted can cause someone to be affected physically or mentally for the rest of their lives. Hate crimes have led to a growth of suicide rates within the group. Many gay rights organizations have formed in retaliation to discriminations and hate, they work to gain rights for the LGBT community. It is no secret being gay is not always welcomed and there is discrimination all over the world. People discriminate based on religious beliefs, not being open minded to something new, or because they are different from them. Some areas of the world are trying to pass laws allowing discrimination if premised on a religious belief, such as, “in Indonesia, which has a predominantly Muslim population, recently came to be regarded as a place in which members of the LGBT community faced persecution” (orange). Some people believe being gay is an...
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...Union ports. Not surprisingly, a dispute in relation to the economical measurement implemented by European Union (EU) has been requested a consultation by Faroe Islands on behalf of the kingdom of Denmark. Faroe Islands claiming that the enforcement action by EU breached the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994and negatively affected its export position. Question 1 As the most basic concept of GATT, Art: 1 making sure that all contracted parties can be treated with the same benefits provided by the multilateral trading system. Therefore, failure to offer same advantages in respect of Atlanto-Scandian Herring or mackerel or it’s like products to other parties to Faroe Island may result in a breach of Art:1 for EU. According to Indonesia — Autos, two criteria need to be satisfied to conclude that EU has breached Art:1: (a) the advantages of like products fall within the scope of Art: 1(b) are not applied to Faroe Island unconditionally. Undeniably, Faroe Island can no longer be entitled to the advantages including privilege of importation and tariff, and measurements affecting the structure of the market. Confirmed by EC — Bananas III, These advantages are within the scope of Art:1. However, for element (a), the argument EU may adopt in defence is that the products form Faroe Island are not alike with those produced...
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...Outsourcing : Outsourcing is the process of contracting with another company or person to do a particular service/job. Compared to 1998, in 2005 manufacturing employment was 19 percent lower in The United States, even though manufacturing output was 10 percent higher . The drop in manufacturing employment coincided with an increase in outsourcing to domestic contractors, including staffing services and an increase in outsourcing of materials and services inputs to foreign companies or affiliates which is also known as offshoring. A number of companies had recently signed or were expected to sign billion-dollar outsourcing deals. Topping the list were Xerox Corp. with a $4 billion plus outsourcing deal, and McDonnell Douglas and General Dynamics,with $3 billion deals. Advantage of Outsourcing to Other Countries : China Over the years China has become the choice of destination for manufacturing and supply chain outsourcing and material supply for many organization in America, Europe and Asia. Companies continue to receive several key benefits when outsourcing current business processes to China, such as: Gowth in Economy - China is the fastest-growing major economy in the world, and has had the fastest growing major economy for the past 30 years with an average annual GDP growth rate over 10%. Cost: The main reason U.S. businesses give for outsourcing is to remain competitive by cutting costs, especially wages. With China’s population well over one billion, the...
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...Similar to party quotas, legislative quotas also apply to the candidate selection process (often requiring women to constitute between 25 to 50 percent of all candidates), but as mentioned, have the force of the law behind them. The strength of a given legislative quota depends much on the wording and details of the specific law mandating it. If the law does not enforce strong sanctions for non-compliance, many parties will not abide by its Legislative quotas are implemented in different ways depending on the electoral system, sometimes applying to party lists (the simpler way), or to a broader group of single-member districts For instance, as in the case of Argentina, a legislative quota can simply be applied to all party lists, requiring all parties to nominate at least 30 percent female candidates. On the contrary, a more challenging way is to apply the quota to single-member districts whereby each party must nominate female candidates in a certain percentage of electoral districts, as is done in France. "The examples of countries that use legislative quotas are Brazil, Indonesia, and...
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...An Overview of Working Conditions in Sportswear Factories in Indonesia, Sri Lanka & the Philippines April 2011 Introduction In the final quarter of 2010 the ITGLWF carried out research in major sportswear producer countries to examine working conditions in factories producing for multinational brands and retailers such as adidas, Dunlop, GAP, Greg Norman, Nike, Speedo, Ralph Lauren and Tommy Hilfiger (for a full list of the brands and retailers please see Annex 1). The researchers collected information on working conditions at 83 factories, comprising 18 factories in Indonesia, 17 in Sri Lanka and 47 in the Philippines. In Indonesia researchers focused on 5 key locations of sportswear production: Bekasi, Bogor, Jakarta, Serang and Tangerang. In Sri Lanka researchers examined conditions in the major sportswear producing factories, mainly located in Export Processing Zones, and in the Philippines researchers focused on the National Capital Region, Region III and Region IV-A. All of the factories covered are producing for export to the EU and North America, and many of those in the Philippines are also exporting to Japan. Collectively the 83 factories employed over 100,000 workers, the majority of whom were females under the age of 35. This report contains an executive summary of the findings, based on information collected from workers, factory management, supervisors, human resource staff and trade union officials. The research was carried out by the ITGLWF’s affiliates...
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...the course of politics in Washington. The son of a white American mother and a black Kenyan father, Obama grew up in Hawaii. Leaving the state to attend college, he earned degrees from Columbia University and Harvard Law School. Obama's father left the family when Obama was two and, after further studies at Harvard University, returned to Kenya, where he died in an automobile accident nineteen years later. After his parents divorced, Obama's mother married another foreign student at the University of Hawaii, Lolo Soetoro of Indonesia. From age six through ten, Obama lived with his mother and stepfather in Indonesia, where he attended Catholic and Muslim schools. "I was raised as an Indonesian child and a Hawaiian child and as a black child and as a white child," Obama later recalled. "And so what I benefited from is a multiplicity of cultures that all fed me."Concerned for his education, Obama's mother sent him back to Hawaii to live with her parents, Stanley and Madelyn Dunham, and to attend Hawaii's prestigious Punahou School from fifth grade through graduation from high school. While Obama was in school, she divorced Soetoro, returned to Hawaii to study cultural anthropology at the university, and then went back to Indonesia to do field research. Living with his grandparents, Obama was a good but not outstanding student at Punahou, played varsity basketball and, as he later admitted, "dabbled in drugs and alcohol," including marijuana and cocaine...
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...can take to help prevent these issues in the future. Nike is one of the famous franchises in the world that sells sportswear for all ages. But is mostly famous for their athlete shoes and apparel and Nike is also one of the major manufacturers of sport equipment as well. The slogan for Nike is “Just Do It”. Nike was founded in January 1962 in Oregon, United States by Philip Knight and Bill Bowerman. Nike has somewhere around 700 or more retail outlets spread all over the world, and has approximately 45 offices only outside the United States. And it employs 30,000 people all over the world. Nike had a revenue excess of $16 billion in 2007. Nike’s factories are mostly located in Asian countries like Pakistan, India, Malaysia, China, Indonesia, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam and Thailand. In 1980 the company had a 50% market share only in the United States shoe market and then the company decided to go public and it did by the end of that 1980’s December. Through the 80’s Nike decided to expand its product line so that the line would include many other sports like tennis, golf, baseball, cricket, badminton etc. all over the world. Stakeholders If we view...
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...Running head: ISLAM : GLOBAL CONCEPT AND PRACTICES 1 Islam : Global Concept and Practices DeVry University Sociology – 350N – Cultural Diversity in Professions Spring Semester 2013 Introduction The history of Islam, its’ concepts and practices is one of the most intriguing yet controversial religions known today. Worldwide, Muslims make up about 23.4 percent of the population, while Christianity makes up about 30 percent (Goodstein, 2011). A study published in 2009 by the Pew Research Center to get global concept of the Muslim population found, “Of the 232 countries and territories included in this study, 50 are Muslim-majority” (p. 5). The Center also found “While 80% of the world’s Muslims live in countries where Muslims are in the majority, significant numbers – about one-fifth of the world’s Muslim population – live as religious minorities in their home countries” (p. 7). With so many countries adhering to Islam and the growth of the Muslim population here in America and worldwide; how will this affect how non-Islamic countries communicate and interact with Islamic countries and how we communicate right here in the United States? If Muslim fundamentalists were not at the forefront of controversy in the war on terrorism, would Islam be a religion that sparks so much debate? Even before September 11th, there had been much controversy related to Islam. However most of it occurred on foreign soil. With significant bombings and terrorist attacks in Europe...
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...On August 4th ,1961 Barack Hussein Obama Jr. was born in Honolulu, Hawaii. His mother, Stanley Ann Dunham, was a white American from Wichita, Kansas. His father, Barack Obama Sr. was black American from Alego, Kenya. His parents separated, and his father moved back to Kenya. Barack's mother remarried an Indonesian oil manager and moved to Jakarta, Indonesia when Barack was six. In 1970 Obama moved back to Hawaii, to live with his grandparents. They lived in a small apartment where his grandfather was a furniture salesman and his grandmother worked in a bank. Barack still managed to get into Punahou School, Hawaii's top prep academy. His father wrote to him regularly but, he visited only once, when Barack was ten. Obama later attended Columbia...
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...World Trade Organization CASE ANALYSIS Table of Contents 1. Review the articles and explain what the core of the disputes is.................. 1 2. Find and present at least three other disputes, which are at the agenda of the Dispute Settlement Committee of WTO. ........................................................ 2 a) Russian Federation- Measures on the importation of live pigs, pork and other pig products from the European Union .................................................. 3 b) Brazil- Certain measures concerning taxation and charges ...................... 4 c) Anti-dumping duties on light commercial vehicles (LCV) from Germany and Italy ............................................................................................................... 5 3. Explain the term “dumping prices”. ................................................................. 6 4. Which other commodities are object of protectionist measures? ................ 7 References ............................................................................................................. 9 1. Review the articles and explain what the core of the disputes is. The four investigated articles deal with the influence of governments on particular industries and how they try to strengthen and on the same time protect the competitiveness of domestic players. Three of the four articles highlight China’s protectionism on its market for cultural products. Protectionism can be defined as certain government...
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...Islam vs. the Rest of the World Islam vs. the Rest of the World Introduction There are hundreds of different religions and cultures throughout the world today and each is interpreted differently within the religious communities, families, or individuals and many of these cultures and religions have been morphed into a different form with different practices based on how each deems appropriate for them. There have been great strides in recent years to reduce discrimination and prejudice towards minority groups that are of a culturally different background than the dominant, more accepted groups and there is still a long way to go to meet total equality. While it is true there have been many improvements for some cultures in recent years, the opposite is true for those of the Muslim decent. Since the terrorist attacks starting from September 11 and since then, Muslims and those of the Islamic faith have been unfairly stereotyped negatively as demons and as many as 46 percent of Americans view the group as a whole as having terrorist tendencies. (Deane, Fears 2006) Not only are their religious practices criticized and viewed negatively, but nearly every other action they commit is thought to be “suspicious”, from the way they dress, to the way they talk, how they practice their religion, and how women are viewed and treated in their culture. Some view their form of lifestyle to be geared towards hatred and violence, with every action being held under a microscope and...
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