...Antiretroviral Therapy Guidelines for HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents Including Post-exposure Prophylaxis May 2007 NACO Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Government of India Assessment and Management of HIV-Infected Person No Is HIV infection confirmed? Send to ICTC for confirmation of HIV status Yes Perform history taking and physical examination (see p 9 ) Evaluate for signs and symptoms of HIV infection or OIs and WHO clinical staging (see p 10) Provide appropriate investigations/treatment of OIs (see p 13 ) If pregnant, refer to PPTCT Screen for TB Screen for STI Identify need for: CTX prophylaxis (see p 16 ) ART (see p 18 ) No Pre ART care (see p 15 ) Yes Give patient education on treatment and adherence (see p 54 ) Arrange psychosocial, nutrition and community support (see p 56) Start ART, (see p 19 ) Arrange follow-up + monitoring (see p 25 ) Assess adherence every visit Provide positive prevention advice and condoms Provide patient information sheet on the ART regimen prescribed (see annex 7, 8) Antiretroviral Therapy Guidelines for HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents Including Post-exposure Prophylaxis May 2007 NACO National AIDS Control organisation Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India with support from CDC . Clinton Foundation . WHO TAble of T A b l e o f Acronyms and Abbreviations Introduction....... ..........................................................................................
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...human-made disasters. General and disease-specific strategies for monitoring, preventing and controlling disease outbreaks are discussed. Learning objectives To review communicable diseases of public health importance; To discuss the basic principles for communicable disease control in emergency and post-conflict situations; To plan a communicable disease control programme for emergency settings; To discuss simple but effective ways of preventing outbreaks of communicable diseases; To describe how to manage specific disease outbreaks in emergency settings; To review re-emerging and other diseases that may affect displaced populations; To discuss how to monitor and evaluate communicable disease control programmes. Key competencies Identify communicable diseases of public health importance; Discuss the basic principles for communicable disease control in emergency and post-conflict situations; Discuss how to design and evaluate disease control programmes; Describe common disease control strategies including prevention, surveillance and outbreak investigation; Describe methods for promoting community-based and community-led communicable disease control approaches; Decide when to scale up and scale down disease control efforts; Discuss the causes, risk factors, clinical features and management of common diseases; Identify...
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...THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING THE PREVENTION OF MOTHER TO CHILD TRANSMISSION OF HIV (PMTCT) PROGRAMME AT BULAWAYO CITY CLINICS, ZIMBABWE. by MGCINI SIBANDA Submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTERS OF ARTS in the subject SOCIAL BEHAVIOR STUDIES IN HIV/AIDS at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: DR GE DU PLESSIS JOINT SUPERVISOR: MR L ROETS SEPTEMBER 2008 DEDICATION This is dedicated to all women living with HIV, in the sincerest hope that this study will make a small contribution to programme development and implementation. I also wish to dedicate this to my family: Patience, Babongile and Bongiwe, with love. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study would not have been possible without the support, commitment and encouragement of a large number of people in a wide range of capacities. Unfortunately, it is not possible to acknowledge by name all the people who contributed in some way to the study. Above all l appreciate the contribution of all the pregnant women who participated in the study, who volunteered their time and valuable information. Particular thanks are due to my supervisor Gretchen du Plessis for her untiring effort and thorough guidance throughout the study. A special word of thanks goes to the Bulawayo Medical Director’s office and the staff at the city clinics for allowing me to carry out the study. I am also grateful to the research assistants who assisted in collecting...
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...Prevention Hla dej yuav hle khau; Tsiv teb tsaws chaw yuav hle hau. “When you cross a river, take off your sandals; when you emigrate from one country to another, take off your hat.” –Hmong Proverb Promoting Cultural Sensitivity A Practical Guide for Tuberculosis Programs That Provide Services to Hmong Persons from Laos Female elder. © Frank Carter. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2008 For Additional Information For more information or for a list of available guides, please contact: Division of Tuberculosis Elimination National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Mailstop E-10 Atlanta, GA 30333 Phone: (404) 639-8120 Web site: http://www.cdc.gov/tb Suggested Citation Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2008). Promoting Cultural Sensitivity: A Practical Guide for Tuberculosis Programs That Provide Services to Hmong Persons from Laos. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2 Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Intended Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . About the Guides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . How to Use This Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
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...Investigating the impact and challenges of implementing the National Counselling and Testing Campaign in the Ga-Motupa Community in Limpopo Mushwana Sipho Simeon An assignment submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Philosophy (HIV & AIDS Management) at the University of Stellenbosch Africa Centre for HIV &AIDS Management Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences Supervisor: Gary Eva March 2011 Declaration I hereby declare that the entire work contained in this document is my original work and I have not previously submitted the same work to the same or another institution for another qualification. All sources used are herein acknowledged and referenced. Date: 22 January 2011 Copyright©2011 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved Abstract The National Department of Health and The South African National AIDS Council (SANAC) jointly agreed to launch a massive campaign for HIV Counselling and Testing. The campaign was launched as an effort to step up and supplement and modify the programmes that are already running in the country, to fight HIV and AIDS. The campaign is known as the National HIV Counselling and Testing Campaign and it is based on the National HIV Counselling and Testing Campaign Strategy of SANAC (2010). The study aimed to investigate the impact of the campaign in terms...
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...Graduate School of Development Studies A Research Paper presented by: Joreen Nkole Mwelwa (ZAMBIA) In partial fulfilment of the requirements for obtaining the degree of MASTERS OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Specialization: Public Policy and Management (PPM) Members of the examining committee: Prof. Dr Michael Grimm (Supervisor) Dr Bridget O’Laughlin (Reader) The Hague, The Netherlands November, 2009 Disclaimer: This document represents part of the author’s study programme while at the Institute of Social Studies. The views stated therein are those of the author and not necessarily those of the Institute. Research papers are not made available for circulation outside of the Institute. Inquiries: Postal address: Institute of Social Studies P.O. Box 29776 2502 LT The Hague The Netherlands Location: Kortenaerkade 12 2518 AX The Hague The Netherlands Telephone: +31 70 426 0460 Fax: +31 70 426 0799 Acknowledgements I give my sincere gratitude to Jehovah God for his love and care throughout my life and the fifteen months I have been here. With much honour I sincerely thank my Supervisor, Prof M.Grimm, truth be told it was a blessing to have a supervisor like him, I am short of words to describe him, I would simply say he has been...
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...i GOVERNMENT OF UGANDA Ministry of Health HEALTH SECTOR STRATEGIC PLAN III 2010/11-2014/15 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD BY MINISTER OF HEALTH .......................................................................................... IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................................... V LIST OF ACRONYMS .............................................................................................................................. VI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ IX 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 CONTEXT AND RATIONALE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE HSSP III ..................................................................... 1 1.2 DEVELOPMENT PROCESS FOR THE HSSP III ............................................................................................................ 1 2. BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................................................... 2 2.1 SECTOR ORGANISATION, FUNCTION AND MANAGEMENT ..................................................................................... 2 2.1.1 The Ministry of Health and national level institutions .........................................................
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...September/November 2008 Patrick Eba One size punishes all… A critical appraisal of the criminalisation of HIV transmission Lauded by lawmakers as an expression of their strong will to ‘fight AIDS’, HIV-specific laws have become a ubiquitous feature of the legal response to HIV in sub-Saharan Africa1 As of 1st December 2008, twenty countries in ECOWAS Parliament, the West African Health Organisation sub-Saharan Africa had adopted HIV-specific laws.2 (WAHO), the Center for Studies and Research on HIV-specific laws or ‘omnibus HIV laws’, as they are Population for Development (CERPOD), the Network of sometimes ironically referred to, are legislative provisions Parliamentarians in Chad for Population and Development that regulate, in a single document, several aspects of HIV and the USAID West African Regional Programme.3 and The stated objective of these HIV-specific laws, as communication; HIV testing, prevention treatment, care provided under several of their preambulary provisions, and support; HIV-related research; and the protection of is to and AIDS, including HIV-related education people living with HIV. The emergence of HIV-specific …ensure that every person living with HIV or laws in sub-Saharan Africa can be traced to the adoption presumed to be living with HIV enjoys the full of the Model Law on STI/HIV/AIDS for West and Central protection of his or her human rights and freedoms.4 Africa in September...
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...MBA 1 ST year Department of Management Studies Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Page 2 Department of Management Studies,IIT Roorkee Page 2 Abstract This paper tries to present the overview of ICT and the health sector and also tries to identify the key issue and questions in this field .It also mentions the challenges facing the development of ICT implementation in health programmes and activities, and identifies the emerging trends and technologies that will shape ICT tools in the health sector. This paper also tells about the E- health standards existing and the various barriers related to establishing uniform standards. The paper also talks about the New Public Sector Management .And throughout the paper we will discuss some specific cases which will show us exactly how the ICT is changing the face of the health sector in some countries . Page 3 Department of Management Studies,IIT Roorkee Page 3 Contents 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................4 2. ICTs and the health-related MDGs (Millennium Development Goals)...............................................5 3. Using ICTs in the Health sector...........................................................................................................6 3.E-Health Standards .....................................................................................................................
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...Molecules, Biodiversity, Food and Health Biological Molecules Biological Molecules (a) describe how hydrogen bonding occurs between water molecules, and relate this, and other properties of water, to the roles of water in living organisms; Water is a polar molecule. This is because the oxygen atom pulls the shared electrons towards it, meaning that water is slightly negatively charged at the oxygen and positively charged at the hydrogen ends, so they can form hydrogen bonds with each other. This are continuing breaking and reforming, so the molecules can move around. Property of water Solvent Importance Metabolic processes in all organisms rely on chemicals being able to react together in solution Examples 70-95% of cytoplasm is water. Dissolved chemicals take part in processes such as respiration and photosynthesis in living organisms Liquid The movement of materials around organisms, both in cells and on a large scale in multicellular organisms requires a liquid transport medium Water molecules stick to each other creating surface tension at the water surface. Cohesion also makes long, thin water columns very strong and difficult to break Blood in animals and the vascular tissue in plants use water as a liquid transport medium Cohesion Freezing Water freezes, forming ice on the surface. Water beneath the surface becomes insulated and less likely to freeze Thermal stability Large bodies of water have fairly...
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...CUSTODIAL AND NON-CUSTODIAL MEASURES The Prison System Criminal justice assessment toolkit 1 UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Vienna CUSTODIAL AND NON-CUSTODIAL MEASURES The Prison System Criminal Justice Assessment Toolkit UNITED NATIONS New York, 2006 The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations, the Secretariat and Institutions of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, and the Belgian 2006 OSCE Chairmanship concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. This publication has not been formally edited. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE ISSUE ..................................................................................... 1 2. OVERVIEW: GENERAL AND STATISTICAL DATA ......................................................... 5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 3.1 3.2 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 7.1 7.2 OVERVIEW OF COUNTRY AND PRISON SYSTEM.............................................. 5 PRISON POPULATION ........................................................................................... 6 PROFILE OF PRISON POPULATION..................................................................... 6 QUALITY OF DATA ......................................
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...EXECUTIVE SUMMARY REPORT ON TWEGAITE EFFORTS FOR BUSOGA DEVELOPMENT By Dr. Bakama BakamaNume, Chair, Busoga Twegaite, Houston, Texas, Dr. Fred W. Alibatya, Chair, Twegaite Inc. – New Jerseyand Mr. John Kizito-Kalema, Chair, Twegaite, Minneapolis, MN. History and Accomplishments Purpose By the time of this report Twegaite has three announced chapters: (1) Twegaite Inc. – New Jersey, (ii) Busoga Twegaite – Houston, TX and (iii) Twegaite – Minneapolis, MN. Twegaite has had two international conventions: Houston, May 22nd – 26th and Minneapolis, May 22nd – 25th. The three chapters are unanimous in purpose and resolve to develop Busoga. Just note that both Houston and Minneapolis made Twegaite truly international. (i) New Jersey Chapter At the May 21st – 25th , 2009 Twegaite second International Convention in Minneapolis, MN, the banquet speaker Betsy Waibi Zikusoka spoke of the history and purpose of Twegaite as a concept and an organization. She also highlighted some of the achievements the organization had scored in specific projects back in Busoga. “I shall try my best to give you the history of Twegaite” she said. “Twegaite came about as a result of a meeting that was held in Princeton Junction, one Sunday afternoon, in October 1998. We figured that as a group the idea of trying to give back to our community in Busoga and Uganda at large was not a bad one. It is a non-political group and the name Twegaite means, "Let's unite." Membership is open to anybody in the world who subscribes...
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...brands. Our focus is on ensuring that you are successful in your new position. You are now a Brand Warrior ready to empathize with your customers and fellow employees and take ownership to solve the customer’s issue. You have been hired because you have the determination, enthusiasm and passion for excellence. This handbook was developed to describe the expectations we have for our employees. It also outlines the policies, programs, and benefits available to eligible employees. I strongly encourage you to familiarize yourself with the contents of this employee handbook as soon as possible as it will answer many questions about employment with STARTEK. We are in the business of helping people through our interactions with them. We impact lives one conversation at a time every single day. Enjoy your experiences at STARTEK and know that all of us are here to help and be sure to have fun! Chad Carlson President & Chief Executive Officer Welcome to STARTEK Welcome Brand Warrior! I feel it’s a great honor to welcome to the STARTEK family our newest Brand Warriors. At STARTEK, being a Brand Warrior is an opportunity to make a difference. You’ll find the STARTEK team consists of talented individuals working together to create a winning team. The ONE TEAM concept is important to all we do and one of the values we espouse. As members of STARTEK it’s our integrity, character, and actions that identify who we are. We use these traits to strive to be the best…the ...
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...distinction between ophthalmology, pediatrics, trauma surgery, or geriatric medicine. As a physician you will be faced daily with the concepts of microbial disease and antimicrobial therapy. Microbiology is one of the few courses where much of the "minutia" is regularly used by the practicing physician. This book attempts to facilitate the learning of microbiology by presenting the information in a clear and entertaining manner brimming with memory aids. Our approach has been to: 4) Create a conceptual, organized approach to the organisms studied so the student relies less on memory and more on logical pathophysiology. The text has been updated to include current information on rapidly developing topics, such as HIV and AIDS (vaccine efforts and all the new anti-HIV medications), Ebola virus, Hantavirus, E. coli outbreaks, Mad Cow Disease, and brand-new antimicrobial antibiotics. The mnemonics and cartoons in this book do not intend disrespect for any particular patient population or racial or ethnic group but are solely presented as memory devices to assist in the learning of a complex and important medical subject. We welcome suggestions for future editions. 1) Write in a conversational style for rapid assimilation. 2) Include numerous figures serving as "visual memory tools" and summary charts at the end of each chapter. These can be used for "cram sessions" after the concepts have been studied in the text. 3) Concentrate more on clinical and infectious disease issues that...
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...Aacknowledgement First of all I like to thank God almighty who authorise me to research on this topic. I submit my sincere thanks to my supervisor Medhat Khattar for his valuable presence, time, effort, guidance and help to complete this dissertation. My dissertation would not have been completed without the help of lab technicians Nick and Suzy, I am extremely grateful for their help, suggestions and encouragement. I might want to thank my family for impacting in me a comprehension for the significance of education and an appreciation for diligent work. I extraordinarily value the majority of the penances that were made so as to realize the open doors that I have gotten, and it is my trusts that this proposition embodies what I have realized. Much obliged to you for your dedication, bolster, and affection. I might likewise want to thank my grandparents for the numerous hours of math mentoring as a youngster. In spite of the fact that it may have appeared to be inconsequential, it was the premise for my prosperity and the establishment of my hobbies in Designing. I might want to devote this proposition to my family, without whom I would not be seeking after a profession with an instruction from my university undergraduate days. I also thank my supervisor’s effort and good work channelled towards making me a better microbiologist in the world. I sincerely extend my thanks all concerned people who together with me in this regard. Table of Contents I Declaration......
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