...increasingly valuable as a tool for simplifying patterns of action, recognizing distinct user types, and cultivating and managing communities. This paper standardizes the usage of the term ‘social role’ in online community as a combination of social psychological, social structural, and behavioral attributes. Beyond the conceptual definition, we describe measurement and analysis strategies for identifying social roles in online community. We demonstrate this process in two domains, Usenet and Wikipedia, identifying key social roles in each domain. We conclude with directions for future research, with a particular focus on the analysis of communities as role ecologies. 1. INTRODUCTION Social life has moved online. From discussion boards, to wikis, to social networking sites, people do things together through digital communication. Those interactions leave behind complex records of who did what, when, under what context, and with whom. In other words, the interaction order [16] is now electrified and self-documenting. This fact is reverberating across the social, communication, information, and computer sciences and requires the development of new methods and increased interdisciplinary collaboration [39]. This collaboration requires researchers to use the comparative advantages of many disciplines in...
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...increasingly valuable as a tool for simplifying patterns of action, recognizing distinct user types, and cultivating and managing communities. This paper standardizes the usage of the term ‘social role’ in online community as a combination of social psychological, social structural, and behavioral attributes. Beyond the conceptual definition, we describe measurement and analysis strategies for identifying social roles in online community. We demonstrate this process in two domains, Usenet and Wikipedia, identifying key social roles in each domain. We conclude with directions for future research, with a particular focus on the analysis of communities as role ecologies. 1. INTRODUCTION Social life has moved online. From discussion boards, to wikis, to social networking sites, people do things together through digital communication. Those interactions leave behind complex records of who did what, when, under what context, and with whom. In other words, the interaction order [16] is now electrified and self-documenting. This fact is reverberating across the social, communication, information, and computer sciences and requires the development of new methods and increased interdisciplinary collaboration [39]. This collaboration requires researchers to use the comparative advantages of many disciplines in...
Words: 8060 - Pages: 33
...9-609-066 REV: MARCH 4, 2010 STEFAN THOMKE BARBARA FEINBERG De esign Th hinking and I Innovation at Apple Th hink different. — Apple Advertising Slogan, 1997 e 7–2002 By the beginnin of March 2010, weeks after the dramatic debut of its iPad, A y ng Apple’s share price remai ined in the US$ 200 range, where it had hovered for more than f six month U d for hs—signaling solid g financ strength and future gr cial a rowth prospec as world e cts economies, an businesses continued t reel nd s, to from the worst rec cession since the Great De epression. Wit a market c th capitalization of nearly US 200 S$ billion and annual sales appro n oaching $50 b billion, Apple was now w e worth more t than the indu ustrial giant General Elec ctric and exce eeded the val of Sony C lue Corporation b a factor of five, even th by hough both f firms had larg revenue b ger bases. All the more amazin ngly, a scant 12 years earlie when Steve Jobs er, e return to Apple, the company share pric had hovere around $5 and the futur was uncert ned , y’s ce ed re tain at best. J Jobs, after all had already been fired fr l, y rom the firm he co-founde almost a d ed decade earlier and r, he wa coming bac when the c as ck company was nearly writte off. Even s through th difficult pe s en so, hat eriod, the co commitme to produc design and development had stayed a ore ent ct t alive. Sin being fou nce unded in 197 Apple has been consid 76, s dered a leading designer and integrat of tor computer hardwa and softw...
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...Bharti Airtel Limited Annual Report 2010-11 Board of directors Sunil Bharti Mittal Akhil Gupta Chua Sock Koong N. Kumar Ajay Lal Craig Ehrlich Pulak Prasad Rakesh Bharti Mittal Tan Yong Choo Evan Mervyn Davies Rajan Bharti Mittal Hui Weng Cheong Nikesh Arora Salim Ahmed Salim Tsun-yan Hsieh Manoj Kohli Table of contents Corporate information Performance at a glance rformance Chairman's message airman's CEO (International) & JMD's message O (Internation onal) on CEO (India & South Asia)'s message O (India dia Corporate social responsibility rporate po Directors' report rectors' e Management discussio & analysis nage agement discussion ssio ssion Report on corporate governance governance port ver ve Secretarial audit report report cretarial o Standalone financial stateme with Aud ors' report Auditors' ndalone a statements ments me e uditors r Consolidated financial statements with Auditors' report nsolidated financial statements w i nt with t 2 3 4 6 8 10 0 1 14 24 30 47 48 103 1 Bharti Airtel Annual Report 2010-11 Corporate information Board of directors Mr. Sunil Bharti Mittal Chairman & Managing Director Mr. Manoj Kohli CEO (International) & Joint Managing Director Non-executive directors Mr. Ajay Lal Mr. Akhil Gupta Ms. Chua Sock Koong Mr. Craig Ehrlich Lord Evan Mervyn Davies Mr. Hui Weng Cheong Mr. N. Kumar Mr. Nikesh Arora Mr. Pulak Prasad Mr. Rajan Bharti Mittal Mr. Rakesh Bharti Mittal H.E. Dr. Salim Ahmed...
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...9-709-015 REV: OCTOBER 14, 2010 ARTHUR A. DAEMMRICH BENJAMIN KRAMARZ De enmark Globa k: alizatio and the We on elfare S State On April 5, 200 Lars Løkk Rasmussen was named prime mini n 09, ke n d ister of Denm mark followin the ng appoi intment of An nders Fogh R Rasmussen, p prime ministe since 2001, as secretary general of N er NATO. Thoug not related Lars Løkke had worked in Anders Fo gh d, e ogh’s governm ment, first as interior and h health minis ster and then as minister of finance. A he formed a new gove As d ernment, Lars Løkke soug to s ght develop a set of long-term economic and social plans that would keep Denma internatio l ark onally competitive, despite its large pu ublic sector an costly welf nd fare spending However, s g. short-term rea action to the worldwide economic do e ownturn dom minated policy discussions. A long-stan y . nding debate about joinin the Eurozo was given new saliency when the European Ce ng one n entral Bank lowered its ra on ate “refin nancing opera ations,” which provided liq h quidity to the Eurozone, ju days befor Lars Løkke took e ust re e office. Denmark was a member of the Europ w r pean Union but had retain its own cu ned urrency, the k krone. Likew wise, plans for rmulated a year ago to ex xpand the Dan nish workforc by looseni labor rule and ce ing es reduc cing welfare benefits had b b become unpop pular as unem mployment in ncreased. An nders Fogh Rasmussen had left a mixed legacy. Denm d d mark benefite from a balanced...
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