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Submitted By connieTonyhassan
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A Discussion of the Theories of Bronfenbrenner and Vygotsky

Connie Hassan 2015

Abstract
Child development is defined as a normal progression by which children change as they grow older by acquiring and refining knowledge, adjusting behaviours and mastering new skills. As children grow there are both quantitative and qualitative differences between them. Quantitative differences emerge in that children acquire more knowledge and grow physically larger and stronger. Qualitative differences in the way children think, behave, and perceive the world differently as they mature. Many theories of child development have emerged as researchers continue to try to support, contradict or integrate differing points of view. Theories of child development have reflected the thinking of the times in which they arose. Some more recently developed theoretical perspectives focus on children’s internal processes and others on external influences related to development. This essay will discuss two different theoretical approaches - sociocultural theory, which stresses that social interaction is fundamental in the role of physical, cognitive and social development, and ecological systems theory, which integrates a holistic approach to encompassing the key individual and environmental influences on child development. The focus of the discussion is a comparative analysis of a theory from each of these approaches.

A Discussion of the Theories of Bronfenbrenner and Vygotsky
According to Berk (2013), there are three basic questions to consider in the area of child development. “Firstly, is the course of development continuous or discontinuous? Secondly, does the rate of development differ among children? And thirdly, what roles do genetic and environmental factors have in development?”
This paper considers Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory and Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems

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